PAGEPAGE1二十一、省略1and連接的句子在由and連接的句子中，為避開重復(fù)常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。⒈省略共同的主語或賓語。如：Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.⒉若主語不同而謂語助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.⒊若主語與謂語動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。如：Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.⒋若主語不同，但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分。如：Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.⒌省略重復(fù)的介詞，連詞及后續(xù)部分。如：Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.2狀語從句的省略⒈在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,whether等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語有be,而主語有跟主句主語相同或是it時(shí)，則從句的主語和be常被省略。如：As(hewas)young,hewasastore-keeper.Hisopimion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsidered.⒉在as,than,however,whatever,nomatterwhat等引導(dǎo)的從句中常省略某些成分。如：Anyone,nomatterwho(heis),maypointoutourshortcomings.Icanonlydoitthewayas(Iwas)toldto(doitthatway).⒊虛擬條件句常省略if,將were,had,should提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。如：Shouldtherebeaflood=(Ifthereshouldbeaflood),whatshouldwedo?⒋有些狀語從句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有時(shí)可省略整個(gè)從句。如：Johnwillgothereifmybrotherwill(go).Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).3定語從句和名詞性從句中的省略⒈在限定性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that可省略；在以thesame…as和suchas引出的某些定語從句中，也可省略與主句相同部分。如：Thegirl(who\whom\that)theteacherspoketoisLiuYing.Idon'tlikesuchbooksasthis(is).⒉定語從句中的“主語+系動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。如：Thegoods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.⒊在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語從句中，連詞that可以省略；若帶有多個(gè)賓語從句，只有第一個(gè)that可省略，其余的則不能。如：Ithink(that)itwillclearup(轉(zhuǎn)晴)thisafternoon.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.⒋由which,when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可全部或部分省略。如：Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).⒌在與suggest,request,order,advise等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語氣形式'should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。如：Theofficerorderedthathismen(should)fire.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseetheflim.4復(fù)合句中特別的省略現(xiàn)象⒈主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。如：(Itisa)PitythatIdidn'tgotomary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.⒉省略一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，可用so或not代替。如：—Shemaynotbefreetoday.—Ifso(so=sheisnotfreetoday),wewillhavetoreportthemanager.—Ishefeelingbettertoday?—I'mafraidnot(not=heisn'tfeelingbettertoday).5動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留to的場(chǎng)合⒈不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，常見動(dòng)詞如like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,afford,forget,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige（強(qiáng)迫）,advice,persuade,agree,want,remember,manage等。如：Youcandoitthiswayifyoucareto.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeanto,butwhenIwasleavingIcould'tfindheranywhere.⒉不定式在句中作某些動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)時(shí)，常見的有ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit等。如：Shewantstocomebutherparentswon'tallowto.⒊不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時(shí)，常見形容詞如happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。如：Ithinksheshouldgetajob,butyoucan'tforcehertoifshe'snotreadyto—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.I'dbehappyto.⒋不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語時(shí)，常見結(jié)構(gòu)如beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。如：Hedoesn'tlikefishbutheusedto.留意,當(dāng)省略的內(nèi)容是作動(dòng)詞用的have或be的任何形式時(shí),to后面保留原形have或be.如：Hedidn'tcome,butheoughttohave.Aliceisnotwhatsheusedtobe.6動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的省略⒈主語部分有todo,系動(dòng)詞是is或was時(shí)，作表語的不定式通常省略to.如：Theonlythingyouhavetodois(to)pressthebutton.⒉作介詞but,except,besides的賓語時(shí)，前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，常省略不定式符號(hào)to.Tomhadnothingtodobesidesanswerbettersthismorning.⒊當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，其后的不定式符號(hào)可省略，但有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)則不省略。如：Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.⒋在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,havemake,let,leave,observe等詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，省略不定式符號(hào)to；Why(not)do結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式不帶to.如：Didyounoticeherentertheroom?whynotjoinus?7介詞的省略⒈一些常和動(dòng)名詞、形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略，而保留其后的動(dòng)名詞，常見的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,havedifficult/trouble(in)doing,bebusy(in)doing,stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。如：Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.⒉表示時(shí)間的介詞at,on和in用在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,one,any,every,each,some,all等詞之前，一般皆省略，表示一段時(shí)間狀語之前的for也可省略。如：WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.Wehavebeenhere(for)threeweeks.(否定句中不能省略for)⒊表示行為方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等詞組中，常常被省略。