2025屆高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：歷年優(yōu)質(zhì)真題、模擬題專項(xiàng)（閱讀理解+應(yīng)用文寫作）練習(xí)

I.閱讀理解

A

2024?新課標(biāo)I卷，D說明文354詞★★★☆☆

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersand

citizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoften

intheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshifts

inthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeof

recordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecies

withtheaidofamobileapplication,“saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyand

assistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."These

observationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens（標(biāo)本），and

sinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingto

globalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruand

histeamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有

偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplant

insteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,“saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetter

globalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,and

species.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobile

devicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.These

dataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

uQuitealot,“Daruexplained.^Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinform

usersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.

Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohave

anexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

B

2023?全國甲卷說明文285詞★★☆☆☆

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfull

ofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoke

tomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophy

fasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou

一andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophers

reawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkand

experiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseach

philosophersworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisa

readinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,and

havenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabook

aboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofour

experiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeof

themostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessby

decoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicity

andgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationis

clear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyouto

takehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.

5.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

6.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C?Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinefsbook.

7.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinefsbook?

A?Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

n.應(yīng)用文寫作

[2024?新課標(biāo)I卷]假定你是李華，上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術(shù)課。請(qǐng)你給英國朋

友Chris寫一封郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你完成的作品；

2.你的感想。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearChris,

PmwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.

Yours,

LiHua

參考答案

I.閱讀理解

A

2024?新課標(biāo)I卷，D說明文354詞★★★☆☆

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersand

citizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoften

intheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshifts

inthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeof

recordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecies

withtheaidofamobileapplication,“saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyand

assistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."These

observationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens（標(biāo)本），and

sinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingto

globalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Damand

histeamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有

偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplant

insteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,“saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetter

globalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,and

species.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobile

devicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.These

dataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,“Daruexplained."Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinform

usersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.

Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohave

anexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”

語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會(huì)——科學(xué)研究——生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的可用性

【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了一個(gè)有關(guān)生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的研究。文章探究了生物樣本數(shù)

據(jù)的可用性，指出了實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題并提出了提高數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的措施。

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段的“Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversity

are...videos,andotherdigitalrecords.”可知，現(xiàn)在,大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視

頻和其他的數(shù)字記錄形式存在。故選B項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的^electronicform”是對(duì)原文中的“videos,

andotherdigitalrecords”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第二段的“andsinceweareincreasinglyusing

observationaldata...Aretheyusable?”可知，Daru及其團(tuán)隊(duì)使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種是如何

對(duì)全球變化作出回應(yīng)的，他想知道這些觀察數(shù)據(jù)是否可用。再根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，Daru

及其團(tuán)隊(duì)使用一個(gè)全球數(shù)據(jù)集，測試這些數(shù)據(jù)在多大程度上展示了實(shí)際的全球生物多樣性模

式。由此可知，Daru的研究關(guān)注觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“瀕危物種”；B項(xiàng)“實(shí)物標(biāo)

本”；C項(xiàng)“觀察數(shù)據(jù)”；D項(xiàng)“手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

答案與解析：C推斷。根據(jù)第四段的“Wewereparticularlyinterested...insteadofthegrass

rightnexttoit”可知，研究人員對(duì)探索可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的采樣的方方面面特別感興趣，比

如公民科學(xué)家很有可能只拍開花植物而不拍它旁邊的青草。由此可知，采樣方式的不當(dāng)會(huì)導(dǎo)

致數(shù)據(jù)偏差，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)分析中的錯(cuò)誤”；B項(xiàng)”上傳的圖片質(zhì)量差”；D項(xiàng)“數(shù)

據(jù)收集設(shè)備不可靠”。

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)第七段的“Biodiversityappscanuse...tohavean

expertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage”可知，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用

Daru他們的研究結(jié)果來讓用戶知道哪些地區(qū)是采樣過量的地區(qū)，并且引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)?duì)采樣不

是很好的地方或者物種進(jìn)行采樣。為了改善觀察數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序也鼓勵(lì)用

戶讓專家確認(rèn)他們上傳的圖片。結(jié)合第五段的"thepeoplewhoget...citizenscientists”可知，這

里的用戶指代的是公民科學(xué)家。故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“檢查特定區(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)”；B項(xiàng)“雇用專

家去檢查記錄”；C項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)用戶身份”；D項(xiàng)“給公民科學(xué)家一些指導(dǎo)”。

B

2023?全國甲卷說明文285詞★★☆☆☆

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfull

ofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoke

tomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophy

fasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou

一andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeinefsTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophers

reawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkand

experiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseach

philosophersworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisa

readinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,and

havenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabook

aboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofour

experiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeof

themostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessby

decoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicity

andgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationis

clear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyouto

takehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。作者在13歲時(shí)開始喜歡哲學(xué)，隨后Weiner的書

SocratesExpress喚起了作者對(duì)哲學(xué)的熱愛。文章通過介紹了TheSocratesExpress這本書，

倡導(dǎo)讀者花時(shí)間去讀這本書。

5.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段wasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopy

ofJosteinGaarder*sSophiasWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthe

summerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldof

philosophy（哲學(xué)）.（我13歲的時(shí)候，一個(gè)叔叔給了我一本JosteinGaarder的《Sophie的世界》。

書里面的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)我來說都很新奇，所以我整個(gè)夏天都在鉆研那本書。它對(duì)我說話，把我?guī)?/p>

一個(gè)哲學(xué)的世界。）”可知，JosteinGaarder為作者打開了通往哲學(xué)的大門。故選C。

6.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneon

atrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext（背景）ofone

thingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,

seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.（Weiner在每一章

的開頭都描述了一個(gè)城市之間火車旅行的場景，然后將每一位哲學(xué)家的著作框定在一個(gè)他們

能夠幫助我們做得更好的事情上。最終的結(jié)果是，我們學(xué)會(huì)了像蘇格拉底一樣思考，像梭羅

一樣看，像叔本華一樣聽，像尼采一樣沒有遺憾。）”可知，作者在第四段開頭描寫了Weiner

書的內(nèi)容，接著作者通過列舉了幾位偉大的哲學(xué)家來描寫讀完這本書后我們能從中學(xué)到的東

西，由此可推知，作者列舉了幾位偉大的哲學(xué)家是為了幫助讀者理解Weiner的書。故選D。

7.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“This,morethanabookaboutunderstanding

philosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealiffe.（這不僅僅是一本關(guān)于理

解哲學(xué)的書，更是一本關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用哲學(xué)來改善生活的書。）”可知，作者喜歡TMSob或es

和~ss這本書，是因?yàn)樗乃枷肟梢詰?yīng)用到日常生活中。故選B。

8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner*sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtan

appealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyof

humor.（他使哲學(xué)思想成為一種有吸引力的練習(xí)，可以提高我們經(jīng)驗(yàn)的質(zhì)量，而且他在做這

件事的時(shí)候充滿了幽默感。）”可知，Weiner的書很幽默，根據(jù)最后一段中“TheSocrates

Expressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.（TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖

銳的書，它以其表面上的簡單吸引著讀者，并逐漸將他們拉進(jìn)對(duì)欲望、孤獨(dú)和衰老的深層思

考中。）”可知，Weiner的書簡單易懂，由此可知，Weiner的書既幽默又簡單易懂。故選D。

II.應(yīng)用文寫作

[2024?新課標(biāo)I卷]假定你是李華，上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術(shù)課。請(qǐng)你給英國朋

友Chris寫一