超聲檢測(cè)工藝規(guī)程(鍛件）ISO97121目的為使超聲波檢測(cè)時(shí)其全過程的操作規(guī)范化，能正確反映產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量制定本操作規(guī)程。1Purpose.Inordertostandardizetheoperationofthewholeprocessofultrasonicdetectionandcorrectlyreflecttheproductquality.2適用范圍2.1本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于鐵素體-馬氏體鋼鍛件、奧氏體和奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼鍛件超聲脈沖反射式手工檢測(cè)方法。供需雙方協(xié)商后也可使用液浸法檢測(cè)的機(jī)械化掃查方法。其他組織的鍛件也可參照使用。2scopeofapplication2.1Thisstandardisapplicabletotheultrasonicpulsereflectivemanualdetectionmethodofferrite-martensitesteelforgings,austeniteandaustenite-ferritestainlesssteelforgings.Themechanizedscanningmethodofliquidimmersiondetectioncanalsobeusedafternegotiation.Forgingsforotherorganizationsarealsoavailablebyreference.3引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3Quotationcriteria3.1GB/T5616-2006

無損檢測(cè)應(yīng)用導(dǎo)則GB/T5616-2006nondestructivetesting,guidelinesforapplication3.2ISO9712-2021

無損檢測(cè)人員資格鑒定與認(rèn)證ISO9712-2021QualificationandcertificationofNDTpersonnel3.3GB/T9445-2005

無損檢測(cè)人員資格鑒定與認(rèn)證GB/T9445-2005

QualificationandcertificationofNDTpersonnel3.4GB/T6402-2008

鋼鍛件超聲檢測(cè)方法GB/T6402-2008,ultrasonicdetectionmethodforsteelforgings3.5EN10228-3

鐵素體、馬氏體鋼鍛件超聲檢測(cè)EN10228-3ultrasonicdetectionofferriteandmartensiticsteelforgings3.6JB/T9214

A型脈沖反射式超聲探傷系統(tǒng)工作性能測(cè)試方法TestperformanceofJB/T9214Apulsereflectionultrasonicdetectionsystem3.7EN12668-1

超聲檢驗(yàn)設(shè)備的特性與認(rèn)證EN12668-1Characteristicsandcertificationofultrasonicinspectionequipment3.1JB/T10061

A型脈沖反射式超聲波探傷儀器通用方法條件EN12668-1Characteristicsandcertificationofultrasonicinspectionequipment3

quotedstandardGB/T5616-2006nondestructivetesting,guidelinesforapplicationISO9712-2021QualificationandcertificationofNDTpersonnelGB/T9445-2005GB/T6402-2008,ultrasonicdetectionmethodforsteelforgingsEN10228-3ultrasonicdetectionofferriteandmartensiticsteelforgingsTestperformanceofJB/T9214ApulsereflectionultrasonicdetectionsystemEN12668-1CharacteristicsandcertificationofultrasonicinspectionequipmentGeneralmethodconditionsofJB/T10061Apulsereflectionultrasonicflawdetectioninstrument4．人員資格要求

Personnelqualificationrequirements4.1.無損檢測(cè)人員的資格評(píng)定應(yīng)按照ISO9712標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定取得相應(yīng)的級(jí)別無損檢測(cè)資格外部證書。

4.2NDTUT-I級(jí)可在NDTUT-II級(jí)人員指導(dǎo)下，可進(jìn)行相關(guān)檢測(cè)。4.3不得有色盲和色弱，其近距離視力或近距離矯正視力應(yīng)不低于5.0（小數(shù)記錄值為1.0）,的近距離視力敏銳度。檢測(cè)員每年進(jìn)行視力檢查.4.1.ThequalificationassessmentoftheNDTpersonnelshallobtainthecorrespondinglevelofNDTqualificationexternalcertificateaccordingtotheISO9712standard.4.2NDTUT-IcanbetestedundertheguidanceofNDTUT-IIpersonnel.4.3Nocolorblindnessandcolorweakness,itsnearvisionornearcorrectedvisionshouldbenolessthan5.0(decimalrecordedvalueof1.0),closevisionacuity.Theinspectorperformsanannualvisualexamination.5檢測(cè)器材5Testingequipment5.1超聲波檢測(cè)儀器要求5.1Requirementsforultrasonicdetectioninstruments5.1.1采用A型脈沖反射式超聲波探傷儀，其工作頻率范圍為1MHz～6MHz，儀器至少在熒光屏滿刻度的80%范圍內(nèi)呈線性顯示。探傷儀應(yīng)具有80dB以上的連續(xù)可調(diào)衰減器（增益），步進(jìn)級(jí)每檔不大于2dB，其精度為任意相鄰12dB誤差在±1dB以內(nèi)，最大累計(jì)誤差不超過1dB。水平線性誤差不大于2%，垂直線性誤差不大于3%。5.1.1Atypepulsereflectionultrasonicflawdetectorwiththeoperatingfrequencyrangeof1MHzto6MHzandlineardisplayoftheinstrumentwithinatleast80%ofthefullscale.Theflawdetectorshallhaveacontinuousadjustableattenuator(gain)above80dB,nomorethan2dB,withtheaccuracyofanyadjacent12dBerror5.1.1Atypepulsereflectionultrasonicflawdetectorwiththeoperatingfrequencyrangeof1MHzto6MHzandlineardisplayoftheinstrumentwithinatleast80%ofthefullscale.Theflawdetectorshallhaveacontinuousadjustableattenuator(gain)above80dB,nomorethan2dB,withtheaccuracyofanyadjacent12dBerror5.1.2具有資質(zhì)機(jī)構(gòu)出的超聲波儀器性能測(cè)試報(bào)告，報(bào)告有效期不大于12個(gè)月。5.1.2Performancetestreportissuedbyqualifiedinstitutionsisnomorethan12months.5.2探頭選擇5.2Probeselection5.2.1檢測(cè)頻率5.2.1DetectionFrequency檢測(cè)頻率選擇1MHz～6MHz。初始檢測(cè)應(yīng)盡可能選擇較低的檢測(cè)頻率。如有需要，可以選擇較高的檢測(cè)頻率，以改善探頭的分辨力。Thedetectionfrequencywasselectedfrom1MHzto6MHz.Initialtestingshouldbeselectedaslowaspossible.Ifnecessary,higherdetectionfrequenciescanbeselectedtoimprovetheproberesolution.5.2.2校準(zhǔn)試塊5.2.2Calibrationtestblock校準(zhǔn)試塊應(yīng)符合GB/T19799.1的要求。ThecalibrationtestblockshallcomplywiththerequirementsofGB/T19799.1.5.2.3晶片尺寸5.2.3Thewafersize晶片尺寸選擇應(yīng)與頻率和聲程有關(guān)，晶片的有效直徑應(yīng)在10mm～40mm之間。Thewafersizeselectionshouldberelatedtothefrequencyandsoundrange,andtheeffectivediameterofthewafershouldbebetween10mmand40mm.5.3系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試5.3Systemperformancetest5.3.1組合設(shè)備(探傷儀和探頭)應(yīng)按照J(rèn)B/T9214的規(guī)定進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)和檢查。5.3.1Thecombinedequipment(flawdetectorandprobe)shallbecalibratedandcheckedasspecifiedinJB/T9214.5.4.靈敏度5.4.Sensitivity原則上采用AVG法確定檢測(cè)靈敏度，對(duì)于因幾何形狀所限和探測(cè)厚度接近近場(chǎng)區(qū)長(zhǎng)度的鍛件則采取試塊比較法。掃查靈敏度應(yīng)比基準(zhǔn)靈敏度提高6dB。重新校準(zhǔn)靈敏度時(shí)，若發(fā)現(xiàn)靈敏度降低幅度超過2dB（包括2dB），應(yīng)對(duì)上一次校準(zhǔn)靈敏度之后所檢查的工件進(jìn)行復(fù)查；若發(fā)現(xiàn)提高了2dB（包括2dB），則應(yīng)對(duì)上一次校準(zhǔn)靈敏度之后所檢查有缺陷的工件進(jìn)行復(fù)查。

靈敏度應(yīng)定以保證檢測(cè)到指定質(zhì)量等級(jí)中記錄水平所要求的最小不連續(xù)的尺寸。每種情況所使用的程序應(yīng)符合JB/T4009的要求。Inprinciple,theAVGmethodisusedtodeterminethedetectionsensitivity,andthetestblockcomparisonmethodisadoptedfortheforgingswherethegeometricshapelimitsandthedetectionthicknessisclosetothelengthofthenearfieldarea.Thesweepsensitivityshouldbe6dBhigherthanthebenchmarksensitivity.Whenrecalibratingthesensitivity,ifthesensitivityreductionisfoundtoexceed2dB(including2dB),reviewtheworkpieceinspectedafterthelastcalibrationsensitivity;ifyoufindanincreaseof2dB(including2dB),reviewthedefectiveworkpieceinspectedafterthelastcalibrationsensitivity.Thesensitivityshallbesettoensurethedetectionoftheminimumdiscontinuousdimensionrequiredfortherecordinglevelinthespecifiedqualityclass.TheprocedureusedineachconditionshallcomplywiththerequirementsoftheJB/T4009.5.5耦合劑：采用機(jī)油、化學(xué)漿糊、專用耦合劑和水等透聲性好，且不損傷檢測(cè)表面的耦合劑。5.5Couplingagent:usingoil,chemicalpaste,specialcouplingagentandwaterandothergoodsoundpermeability,anddonotdamagethedetectionsurfaceofthecouplingagent.6掃查6Scan6.1探頭每次移動(dòng)至少有10%的重合，以確保能完全掃查整個(gè)鍛件。掃查速度：?jiǎn)尉Р坏贸^150mm/s雙晶不得超過75mm/s6.1Atleast10%overlapperprobemovementtoensuretofullysweeptheentireforging.Scanspeed:singlecrystalshallnotexceed150mm/sdoublecrystalshallnotexceed75mm/s7分類7Classification7.1指示的分類指示的分類應(yīng)根據(jù)其至少兩個(gè)相互垂直方向的掃查做出的動(dòng)態(tài)回波圖進(jìn)行。7.1.1I型圖當(dāng)探頭移動(dòng)時(shí)，A掃查顯示器顯示出單個(gè)清晰的平滑地上升到最大振幅的指示，然后平滑地下降到0(見圖2)。圖2是用橫孔所繪制的聲束輪廓?jiǎng)討B(tài)回波圖，對(duì)應(yīng)于小于或等于-6dB聲束輪廓不連續(xù)的尺寸回波圖。7.1ClassificationasindicatedTheindicatedclassificationshallbebasedonitsdynamicechomapsmadebyatleasttwomutuallyverticalsweeps.7.1.1TypeIdiagramAstheprobemoves,theAscandisplayshowsAsingleclearindicationofAsmoothrisetothemaximumamplitudeandthenAsmoothfallto0(seeFigure2).Figure2isadynamicechomapofthebeamprofiledrawnwiththetransversehole,correspondingtoadimensionalechomapofabeamprofilediscontinuitylessthanorequalto-6dB.7.1.2Ⅱ型圖當(dāng)探頭移動(dòng)時(shí)，A型顯示器顯示單個(gè)清晰平滑上升至最大幅度的指示，該幅度維持或沒有振幅變化，然后平滑地下降到0(見圖3)。該圖形表示大于—6dB聲束輪廓不連續(xù)的回波圖。FigureFigure3FigureTypeAdisplayandechoenvelopedisplayType7.1.2FigWhentheprobemoves,thetypeAdisplayshowsanindicationofAsingleclearsmoothrisetomaximumamplitudemaintainedatorwithoutamplitudechange,andthensmoothlydropsto0(seeFigure3).Thefigurerepresentsanechomaplargerthan-6dB.7.2不連續(xù)的分類根據(jù)其動(dòng)態(tài)波形圖，不連續(xù)的分類如下：——點(diǎn)狀的不連續(xù)：是指I型動(dòng)態(tài)波形圖和/或直徑小于或等于-6dB聲束寬度的不連續(xù)(見圖4)?！L(zhǎng)條形的不連續(xù)：是指Ⅱ型動(dòng)態(tài)波形圖和/或直徑大于-6dB聲束寬度的不連續(xù)(見圖5)?！獑蝹€(gè)的不連續(xù)：是指點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)之間的距離d超過40mm的不連續(xù)(見圖6)?！芗蔚牟贿B續(xù)；是指點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)之間的距離d小于或等于40mm的不連續(xù)(見圖7)。(L≤D,d40mm)

(L≤Dp,d≤40mm)圖6單個(gè)的不連續(xù)

圖7密集形的不連續(xù)Figure6theindividualdiscontinuityFigure7Discontinuityofdenseshapes①——常規(guī)的-6dB不連續(xù)的輪廓線；D?——在不連續(xù)的深度上的聲束寬度；d——兩個(gè)不連續(xù)之間的距離；L——常用的-6

不連續(xù)的長(zhǎng)度。7.2ClassificationofdiscontinuityAccordingtoitsdynamicwaveformmap,thediscontinuityisclassifiedasfollows:——Pointofdiscontinuity:referstothetypeIdynamicwaveformand/ordiameterlessthanorequalto-6dBbeamwidth(seeFigure4).——Discontinuityofthelongstrip:referstothediscontinuityofthedynamicwaveformmapand/orthediametergreaterthanthewidthoft