Unit1ScienceandScientistsDiscoverusefulstructuresLearningobjectiveBytheendofthisperiodofclass,wewillbeabletoreviewthestructureofthepredicativeclauses,rememberthelinkverbsofthepredicativeclausesandchoosetheconjunctionsofthepredicativeclausescorrectly.LeadinWhatwasthetruthaboutthecholeraoutbreakinEurope?ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.JohnSnowLeadinWhatwasthetruthaboutthecholeraoutbreakinEurope?Thetruthwas

thatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.JohnSnowpredicativeclauseAnalyzethestructureThetruthwas

thatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.subjectlinkverbpredicativepredicativeclauseconjuction1.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.3.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Underlinethepredicativeclausesinthereadingpassageon3.Whatarethelinkverbsandconjunctionsofthesepredicativeclauses?1.Onetheorywas

thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Anotherwas

thatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.3.Itseemed

thatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruthwas

thatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Underlinethepredicativeclausesinthereadingpassageon3.1.Thefactwasthathehadforgottenaboutit.2.Everythingremainedasitusedtobeinthisroom.3.Shelooksasifshewereill.4.Thetroublewaswhetherwecouldmanageitourselvesornot.5.Theproblemisnotwhowillgo,butwhowillstay.6.Thisishowtheyovercamethedifficulties.7.Hemissedthelecture.Itwasbecausehisflightwasdelayed.Underlinethelinkverbsandcircletheconjunctions.1.Aboutsenses:sound,look,taste,smell,feel2.Aboutchanges:get,fall,grow,turn,go,become…be:am,is,are,was,were3.Aboutstateorconditionkeep,remain,stayseem,appear

prove,turnoutWhataretheotherlinkverbs?that,whether,asif,asthough,because…when,where,how,why,…+everwhat,who,whom,whose,which,…+ever（Onlyusedtolinkthesentence）（Usedassubject,object,predicative,attribute）（Usedasadverbial）Whataretheconjuctionsandtheirfunctions?AnswerthefollowingquestionsonPage5usingtheinformationfromthereadingpassageaswellasthepredicativeclauses.WhatwasitthatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld?→WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcholeracouldbeovercome.Example:1.WhatwasSnow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondon?Snow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondonwasthat________________________________________________________________________.2.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854outbreakofcholerainLondon?WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhy__________________________________________________________________.thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatthecholeraoutbreakhadcausedover500deathsmorethan500peoplediedintendayswithintendays3.WhatweretheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemap?TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwerewhere_________________________.4.WhatwasthefindingthatSnowannounced?Snow’sfindingwasthat__________________________________________.allthosewhodiedhadlivedthepumpwatercarriedcholeragermsExercise3onPage5:DavidistalkingtoMariaabouttheirscientificresearchproject.FirstcompleteDavid’slines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox.ThenputDavid’slinesinthecorrectorderandpractisetheconversation.asif,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherA.Absolutely.Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas________happenedattheinitialstageofourgroup’sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B.Yes,itis.Anditseemed_______allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas_____wecouldn’tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.whatasifthatasif,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherC.Exactly.Theproblemwasnotabout________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding_______theorytodependupon.D.Werealisedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot_______aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather______wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E.You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas______wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.whosewhichhowasif,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherwhywhetherMaria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance. A.Absolutely.Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitialstageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.C.Exactly.Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhosetheorytodependupon.David:Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:B.Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.E.You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Scienceissimply________youcando.Anddoingsciencemakesyouascientist!So,whatdoscientistsdo?Actually,whatmattersisnotonly_______theyobserveintheworldaroundthemandwhatquestionstheyask,butalso________theyuseevidenceordatatoanswerthequestions.Theyidentifyusefuldataandtakenewmeasurements.SomeofthekeyissuesthatExercise2onPage10:Fillineachblankwithawordorexpressionthatintroducesapredicativeclause.whatwhathowscientistsfaceare________calculationstheydoand_____theyanalysetheirdatatodrawconclu