考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷5（共9套）（共597題）考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷第1套一、詞匯(本題共40題，每題1.0分，共40分。)1、Thedesignofthegymnasiumshowsagreatdealof______.Wehaveneverseenabuildingofsuchatypebefore.A、solidarityB、originalityC、inventionD、fascination標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析2、Thepsychiatristsaysthatapersonwithinferiorityfeelingscanbevery______.A、disgracefulB、disrespectfulC、disapprovalD、disagreeable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析3、TheSecretaryofState______tobeingastonishedatthisunexpectedstatement.A、compliedB、confirmedC、confessedD、conformed標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析4、Whenthedoctorproposedtohimlongwalksinthefreshair,Mr.Parkadmitted______foralongwalkforyears.A、nothavingbeenB、notbeingC、beingnotD、havingnotbeen標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析5、Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogress______subsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.A、towhichB、signalC、fromwhichD、inwhich標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析6、Thechangeinthetreatmentofhischaractersisasignificant______toShakespeare’sgrowthasadramatist.A、labelB、signalC、markD、index標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析7、ChaucerhasbeencalledtheFatherofPoetryby______generations.A、aggressiveB、progressiveC、successiveD、comprehensive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析8、After______onamerry-go-round,shestartedtofeeldizzyandhadtoliedown.A、tohaveriddenB、reddenC、ridingD、toride標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析9、Experienceleadsmetothinkthatitisnotalwaysgoodtoget______withstrangers.A、tolerantB、confidentialC、enthusiasticD、agreeable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析10、Eachplantandanimalbynaturaltendency,______farmoreseedsandeggsandseedlingsandyoung,thanisnecessarytomaintain______population.A、istoproduce...theirB、produces...itsC、producestheirD、produce...their標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析11、Someonewhogivesanexpensivegiftoftenfeelsthatheshouldreceivemorepraisethanifhe______alessexpensivegift.A、gaveB、givesC、hadgivenD、hasgiven標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析12、Thedoctorsaidthatitwouldtakeamonthforherfracturedwristto______.A、recoverB、healC、remedyD、cure標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析13、Althoughshedidnotlookbackshecouldtellthathewasstillfollowing.Let______streetcar,shethought,andreallytherewasone.A、therewereB、therebeC、therebeingD、therehasbeen標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析14、Duringthefamineof1943,millionsofChinesepeasants______tothecitiesbecausetheycouldnotsurviveintheruralareas.A、migratedB、emigratedC、immigratedD、mobilized標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析15、Thewaltzandthetangoseemtobeoutoffashiontoday.Thingslikethetwistandjerkseemtobe______youngpeoplearereallyinterestedin.A、allthataboutB、aboutthatallC、aboutallthatD、allaboutthat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析16、Inhisculture,______itwas,thisexchangeofnamesonpiecesofpaperwasprobablyaformalpoliteness,likesaying"thankyou."A、allthatB、whateverC、whicheverD、what標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析17、Thesurvival______ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.A、standardB、scaleC、ratioD、rate標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析18、Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto______fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.A、deriveB、changeC、convertD、divert標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析19、TheHomeSecretaryhasbeenaskedto______becausetheunionleadersandtheiremployerscannotagreeonacourseofaction.A、interveneB、negotiateC、meditateD、reconcile標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析20、Theneighborsdonotconsideredhimquite______asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.A、respectedB、respectableC、respectiveD、respectful標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析21、Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine______planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirty-threesatellite.A、surroundingB、cyclingC、orbitingD、whirling標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析22、WhenIemergedformthetelephonebox,Icomefacetofacewithalittleman,whowaslookingas______asastraydog.A、humbleB、patheticC、dreadfulD、merciful標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析23、Ifoundseatedatthetableoppositetomineanotherguest.Hewasadecentlyunsociableman,anxiousto______alone.A、leaveB、beleavingC、beleftD、haveleft標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析24、Thehousetheyhaveboughtisinverybadrepair.Theoldboilerinthekitchenneeds______.A、toseeB、tobeseenC、seeingD、seeingto標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析25、AstothelostworldofEgypt,weknownearlyeverything______toknow.A、thereisB、itisC、whichisD、whatis標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析26、MarkEvens,whohadfailedthephysicstest,wassittingonabenchinthecorner______overhisdisappointment.A、complainingB、meditatingC、broodingD、apologizing標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析27、Someresearchershaveundertakensomepsychologicalstudieswhichprovethatmanychildrendevelopfearsof______dangers.A、imaginationB、imaginaryC、imaginableD、imaginative標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析28、Themotherseparatedthequarrelingchildren,andgaveeachofthemasharp______.A、punchB、pinchC、puppyD、pumpkin標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析29、Socceristhemosttrulyinternationalteamsport,hutthereisstillsomequestion______whetheritshouldbecalledagameoropenwarfare.A、astoB、duetoC、inadditiontoD、owingto標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析30、______butIstilllikehim.A、SelfishthoughheisB、SelfishasheisC、WhetherheisselfishornotD、Selfishhemaybe標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析31、ItwassoincredibletoherthatIshouldhavemadethehighestscoreintheclass______shewastryingtotestmeagain,personally.A、thatB、thereforeC、whenD、because標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析32、Ithinkitwasallfixedupbylawyersor______arrangesadoptions.A、someoneB、anyoneC、whoeverD、those標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析33、Withaweatherwornface,Tedis______averyoldmanbutinfactheisonlyfifty.A、obviouslyB、evidentlyC、apparentlyD、sufficiently標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析34、Theydon’twanttobeinvolvedinthedispute,sotheyexhibit______onsuchmatters.A、integrityB、reserveC、moralityD、justice標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析35、I’djustdoassoonasyou______theresearchyourself.A、doB、willdoC、woulddoD、did標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析36、Idon’tknow______itwasthatansweredthephonethismorning.A、whoB、whyC、howD、that標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析37、Ifanylawandorder______notmaintained,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.A、beB、areC、wereD、is標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析38、InNewYorkCity______hashighlyrestrictiveguidelinesfor______policemayusetheirguns,thenumberofpeopleshotbylocalcopssoaredinthepastthreeyearsfrom68to108.A、there,whereB、there,whenC、it,whereD、which,when標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析39、Thousandsofchildrennowadayspreferdoingtheirhomeworktoabackgroundofpop-music______itinaquiteroom.A、ratherthandoingB、todoingC、ratherthantodoD、todo標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析40、Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,______symbolicshadowwestand,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.A、withhisB、inwhoseC、byhimD、ofwhom標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析二、閱讀理解(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperhapsmostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,which,sincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.Accordingly,evenbeforethemissionarymovementreallygotunderwayinthemid-nineteenthcentury,itwasalreadyatadisadvantage.After1860,asmissionaryactivityinthehinterlandexpanded,itquicklybecameapparentthatinadditiontotheintangibles,numeroustangiblegroundsforChinesehostilityabounded.Inpart,theverypresenceofthemissionaryevokedattack.Theywere,afterall,thefirstforeignerstoleavethetreatyportsandventureintotheinterior,andforalongtimetheywerevirtuallytheonlyforeignerswhosequotidianlaborscarriedthemtothefarthestreachesoftheChineseempire.Formanyoftheindigenouspopulation,therefore,themissionarystoodasauniquelyvisiblesymbolagainstwhichoppositiontoforeignintrusioncouldbevented.Inpart,too,themissionarywasattackedbecausethemannerinwhichhemadehispresencefeltafter1860seemedalmostcalculatedtooffend.ByindignantlywagingbattleagainstthenotionthatChinawasthesolefountainheadofcivilizationand,moreparticularly,byhisassaultonmanyfacetsofChineseculture,themissionarydirectlyunderminedtheculturalhegemonyofthegentryclass.Also,incountlessways,heposedathreattothegentry'straditionalmonopolyofsocialleadership.Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequentlyassumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentry,whowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals.AmidtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgavethemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.AlthoughitwastheavowedpolicyoftheChinesegovernmentafter1860thatthenewtreatiesweretobestrictlyadheredto,inpracticeimplementationdependedonthewholeheartedaccordofprovincialauthorities.Thereisabundantevidencethatcooperationwasdilatory.Attherootofthislaytheinteractivenatureofrulerandruled.Inaseverelyunderstaffedbureaucracythatruledasmuchbysuasionasbymight,theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionaryactivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.41、Inavagueway,anti-Christianfeelingstemmedfrom______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析42、Theauthorwouldagreethat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析43、Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragree?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析44、Missionaries______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析45、Bywhichofthefollowingstatementsmaythedichotomybetweengovernmentpolicyanditsimplementationbedescribed?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析46、Provincialauthorities______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析Proponentsofcreatinglargeprivatesectorsasquicklyaspossibleintransitioneconomiesofferbothpoliticalandeconomicargumentstosupporttheirview.Theyarguethatifdemocracyistobecomeaviablepoliticalsysteminthecountriesundergoingtransition,thestate'smonopolyoverthebasesofpoliticalpowermustbebrokensothatthecountervailingsourcesofpoliticalinfluencemayemerge[Berger,1991].Otherwise,thenomenklatura,managersofstateownedfirmsandformerbureaucrats,maysabotageorblockeconomicreforms,aswellasloot,dissipateortransfertotheirownpossessiontheassetsofthefirmstheymanage.Bycreatingpropertyowners,privatizationcancreateanascentmiddleclassthathasastakeinthecreationandmaintenanceofaneffectivesystemofpropertyrightsandthepursuitofeconomicpoliciesthatwouldenabletheprivatesectortoflourish.Themostcompellingeconomicreasonforprivatizingstate-ownedenterprisesinthetransitioneconomiesisthatasunitsofproduction--asdistinctfromprovidersofsecureemployment--theywereafailure.Privateownershipisthusseenasthemeansofunlockinggainsinproductivitybystimulatingproductiveefficiency,offeringgreatermotivationforbothmanagersandworkers,andcreatingincentivestoenternewmarketsandexitdecliningones.Privatization,itisargued,willunleashdynamicsmallbusinesses,actasalureforforeigndirectinvestmentandspeedupthepainfulprocessofrestructuringindustry,anditwouldaccomplishallthiswhilereturningpropertytoitsrightfulhistoricalownersandraisingfundsforthegovernment.Despitethisenticinglistofpromises,manycountriesofEasternEuropeandtheformerSovietUnionremainreluctanttoprivatize.Someoftheoppositionisideological.Somecomesfrominsidersatstate-ownedenterprises,bothworkersandmanagers,whofearthelossofincomeandpower.Morebroadly,therearefearsthatprivatizationwillreduceemploymentasprivateownersdismissredundantworkersandthatthenewprivatesectorwillbeunlikelytoprovidethesocialbenefits--likehousing,healthandnurserycare,andrecreation,sportsandvacationfacilities--thatstate-ownedenterprisesoftenprovided.Attheextreme;therearefearsthatifprivatizationexacerbatesunemploymentandcausesdeclinesinproduction,reformistgovernmentswillbesweptaway.Practicaldifficultieshavecompoundedthisresistancetoprivatization.Thevaluationsoffirmsisdifficultbecausecapitalmarketsbarelyexist,accountingstatementscanbealmostmeaningless,andprofitsandsalesachievedinthecommunisteraareapoorguidetofutureviability.Householdsinthesecountriesdonothavesufficientsavingstopurchasemanyofthelargestfirms,and,eveniftheydidhavethemoney,theyviewformerstate-ownedenterprisesasdubiousinvestments.Witharudimentarybankingsystem,loansforthepurchaseofstatepropertyareseenasbothriskyandinflationary.Inthismuddledsituation,suspicionsnaturallyarisethatbuyersarebenefitingfromlowpricesattheexpenseofthestate.47、Theargumentaboutdemocracyis______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析48、Theinformationcontainedbetweenbracketsrefersto______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析49、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析50、Theauthorwouldnecessarilyagree______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析51、Inparagraph3,theultimatefearisthatof______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析52、Thepracticaldifficultiesmaybeexplainedby______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析OnetraditionaljustificationforgreaterjudicialdeferencetoagenciesonlegalquestionsintheU.S.administrativeregimeissheexpertiseargument.Thisjustificationcomportswithtraditionalunderstandingsabouttherespectiverolesofthedifferentbranchesofgovernmentandagencies'placeinmoderngovernment.Agencies,inthisview,arethetechnicalexpertsthatputintooperationthepolicyjudgmentsmadebylegislators.Indeed,technicalexpertiseistheraisond’etreofagencies;byfocusingonaparticularregulatoryfield,orsectoroftheeconomy,agenciescandowhatCongresslacksthetimeandotherinstitutionalresourcestodo.ChevronVSNationalResources,whichpresentedthequestionwhetherthestatutoryterm"stationarysource"referredtoanentirepollution-emittingplantor,rather,toeverysinglesmokestackwithinsuchaplant,suppliesanaptexampleofwhenanagency'sspecialtechnicalexpertisecanaidstatutoryinterpretation.Accordingtotheexpertiseargument,agenciesaredeemedtounderstandeventhelegalramificationsoftheproblemsagenciesarecreatedtoworkon.Admittedly,thedichotomybetweenlegalandfactualquestionsmayattimesbedifficulttomaintain,butthatobservationarguesasmuchinfavorofasitdoesagainstChevrondeference.Agencyexpertise,however,isnottheonlycommonjustification.Sometimesthedoctrineisjustifiedalsoondemocraticgrounds.Accordingtotheargumentfromdemocracy,itisagencies,notcourts,thatareanswerabletoboththeexecutiveandthelegislativerepresentativesofthecitizenry.Becausejudgesarenotelected,whilepresidentsandlegislatorsare,andbecauseagenciesbutnotjudgesareaccountabletothePresidentandtoCongress,judicialdeferencetoagencydecisionsenhancesthepoliticallegitimacyoftheadministrativeregime.Finally,Chevronmaybejustifiedalsointhenameofadministrativeefficiencyorcoordination.BeforeChevron,differentfederalcourtsindifferentjurisdictionscouldinterpretthesamestatutoryprovisiondifferently.Multipleinterpretationsbydifferentfederalcourtswouldmeanthatthestatute"said"differentthingsinthosedifferentjurisdictions.Suchconfusioncouldbeeliminatedbyappellatereview,butagenciesfaceduncertaintypendingreview,andthepossibilityofdifferentinterpretationsacrossdifferentappellatecircuitsremained.Becausemultipleagenciesdonottypicallyinterpretthesamestatutorylanguage,however,Chevrondeferenceallowstheagencychargedwithadministeringastatutetointerpretthatstatute.Oneagency,ratherthanmanyfederalcourts,nowresolvesambiguitiesinthestatutethattheagencyinquestionischargedtoadminister.Suchinterpretivestreamliningnotonlyreducesuncertaintybutalsopromotesregulatorycoordination.Onceanagencyhassettledonareasonableinterpretation,itcanactonthebasisofthatinterpretationnationally.53、Theexpertiseargumentassumesthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析54、Chevroniscapitalized______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析55、A"stationarysource"______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析56、Wemayassumethat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析57、Thedifferencebetweenanappellatecircuitcourtandagivenagencyis______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析58、Throughoutthispassage,"Chevrondeference"refersto______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析Themainfeatureofaconvention--apatternofbehaviorthatiscustomary,expected,andself-enforced--isthat,outofahostofconceivablechoices,onlyoneisactuallyused.Thisfactalsoexplainswhyconventionsareneeded:theyresolveproblemsofindeterminacyininteractionsthathavemultipleequilibria.Indeed,fromaforma[pointofview,wemaydefineaconventionasanequilibriumthateveryoneexpectsininteractionsthathavemorethanoneequilibrium.Theeconomicsignificanceofconventionsisthattheyreducetransactioncosts.Imaginetheinconvenienceif,whenevertwovehiclesapproachedoneanother,thedrivershadtogetoutandnegotiatewhichsideoftheroadtotake.Orconsiderthecostofhavingtoswitchfreightfromonetypeofrailroadtoanotherwheneverajourneyinvolvesbothawide-gaugeandanarrow-gaugerailroadline.Thiswasacommoncircumstanceinthenineteenthcenturyandnotunknowninthelatetwentieth:untilrecently,AustraliahaddifferentrailgaugesinthestatesofSouthWalesandVictoria,forcingamechanicalswitchforalltrainsboundbetweenSydneyandMelbourne.Conventionsarealsoanotablefeatureoflegalcontracts.Peoplerelyonstandardleases,wills,purchasingagreements,constructioncontractsandthelike,becauseitislesscostlytofillintheblanksofastandardcontractthantoCreateonefromscratch.Evenmoreimportant,suchagreementsarebackedupbylegalprecedent,sothesignatorieshaveevengreaterconfidencethat,theirtermsareenforceable.Wemaydiscerntwowaysinwhichconventionsbecomeestablished.Oneisbycentralauthority.FollowingtheFrenchRevolution,forexample,itwasdecreedthathorse-drawncarriagesinParisshouldkeeptotheright.Thepreviouscustomhadbeenforcarriagestokeepleftandforpedestrianstokeepright,facingtheoncomingtraffic.Changingthecustomwassymbolicofthenewordergoingonthelefthadbecomepoliticallyincorrectbecauseitwasidentifiedwiththeprivilegedclasses;goingontherightwasthehabitofthecommonmanyandtherefore-more"democratic."InBritain,bycontrastthereseemstohavebeennosingledefiningeventthatgaverisetothedominantconventionofleft-handeddriving.Rather,itgrewupbylocalcustom,spreadingfromoneregiontoanother.Thisisthesecondmechanismbywhichconventionsbecomeestablished:thegradualaccretionofprecedent.Thetwomechanismsarenotmutuallyexclusive,ofcourse.Societyoftenconvergesonaconventionfirstbyaninformalprocessofaccretion;lateritiscodifiedintolawtoregulateexceptions.Inmanycountries,rulesoftheroadwerenotlegislateduntilthenineteenthcentury,butbythistimethelawwasmerelyreiteratingwhathadalreadybecomeestablishedcustom.Thesurprisingfactisthatuntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury,thedominantconventionwasforhorse-drawncarriagestokeeptotheleft.ThissituationobtainedinGreatBritain,France,Sweden,Portugal,Austria,Hungary,BohemiaandpartsofItaly.Achainofhistoricalaccidents--Napoleonadoptingthenewconventionforhisarmiesandimposingthisconventioninoccupiedcountries;PortugalsharingacommonborderwithoccupiedSpain;Austria,HungaryandBohemianCzechoslovakiafallingunderGermanrule;Italyhavingelecteda"modern"leaderunderaking--graduallytippedthebalance.59、Inthefirstsentence,theword"convention"isunderlined______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析60、Asynonymfor"equilibria"is______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析61、WemayassumethatthecostintimeofpassengertrafficinAustraliaasawhole______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析62、Trafficcustomsinpre-revolutionaryFrancewere______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析63、Aconventioniscodifiedintolaw______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析64、Wemayassumethat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析ThestudyofliteraryinfluenceamongwomenwritershasfrequentlyadoptedamodelofsororalormatrilinealsharinginanoftenexplicitlystatedcontrasttoHaroldBloom'swell-establishedtheoryofthe"anxietyofinfluence"besettingmalewriters.InBloom'spowerfullyinfluentialvision,thatanxietyisposedasakindofFreudianagonofsonsagainstfathers,astruggleofself-definitionthroughresistanceandmastery.FeministcriticshavegenerallyagreedwiththeBloomianmodelasappliedtomaleauthorsbuthavedemurredwithrespecttowomenwriters,whomwehavetendedtoseeinfamilialterms.Themodelofaseparatewomen'straditioninliterature,itsinnercoherencemaintainedbyresistancetomaledominance,thatwaspositedinthe1970sbyEllenMoers,ElaineShowalter,andSandraM.GilbertandSusanGubarhasbeenwidelyaccepted.AsBetsyErkkilapointsout,thesegroundbreakingfeministcriticsmaynothavesignificantlychallengedtheBloomianmodelasappliedtowomenwritersandwomenprecursors,buttheydidatanyrateestablishtheirresistancetothemasculineliteraryestablishmentandthemasculinemodelofrivalry.Theirsuccessorsandelaboratorshavearguedforcefullythatawomen'straditionisconstitutedofasupportivecommunitywhosememberswelcometheall-too-rarevoicesofforemotherscallingtothemacrosstheages.Eventheliteraryforemothersnearerathand,accordingtothisprevailingvision,haveservedasmodelsforemulationratherthanhegemonicpowerstobechallenged.Erkkila,forexample,askspointedly,"HowusefulistheBloomianmodelwhenthepoetattemptstodefineherselfnotinrelationtoherpoeticfathersbutinrelationtoherpoeticmothers."Heranswer(latermodifiedbecauseofgreatercomplexity)isnotvery.Ametaphorofmotherhoodanddaughterhoodhas,inthewordsofLindaR.Williams'srecentrevisionisttheory,"profoundlyaffectedourreadingofwomen'sliteraryhistory."CitingAliceWalker'sargumentaboutnebulousformsofknowinginInSearchofOurMothers'Gardens,LuceIrigary'sconceptofconnectedness("Onedoesn'tstirwithouttheother")andHeleneCixous'sversionoftheauthenticwomanwriter'swritingofhermother'smilkin"TheLaughoftheMedusa,"WilliamscallsforaninterpretationofliteraryconnectednessnotasarevisionoftheFreudianandBloomiansystem-whichErkkila,byretainingthefamiliallanguage,hasinasenseretained,butasaway"outsideofanOedipaldynamic"altogether.TherevisionistviewsofWilliamsandErkkilaareusefulcorrectionsoftheprevailingmodeoffeministtheoriesthat"romanticize,maternalize,essentialize,andeternalizewomenwritersandtherelationshipsamongthem."Neither,however,asksifwomenwritersmaynotsometimesexhibit,ratherthaneitherreviseorescape,theBloomianmodelofliteraryrivalry.Itisaprospect,perhaps,thatwewouldprefernottoentertain.Butitisaprospectthat,whileclearlynottypical,maybelessatypicalthanfeministcriticsmayhavesupposedinourtimestooidealizingandessentializingtheories.Aninstanceofsuchafemaleadoption(andadaptation)oftheBloomianmodelofmalewriters'anxietyisKatherineAnnePorter'sanxiousandartfullyduplicitousessayonaliteraryeldersister,"ReflectionsonWillaCather."OperatinginthelooselynarrativefashionthatcharacterizednotonlyPorter'snonfictionbutherverymodeofthought,theessaypurportstopayretrospectivetributetooneofthepreeminentwomenwritersoftheearlyandmid-twentiethcentury,butinfactassertsPorter'sownstatureintheworldofletters.Inthestoryofheressay,theprotagonistisnotCather,asonewouldexpectfromthetitle,butPorterherself.Theessayiscastinapervasivefirst-personmodeinwhichtheobservingorcommenting"I"becomestheactiveprincipleanditsputativetopicapassivereflector,amirrorreflectingKatherineAnnePorter.65、Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析66、Feministcriticswouldagree______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析67、Thewords"we"and"our"inthispassage______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析68、EllenMoers,ElaineShowalter,SandraM.GilbertandSusanGubar,BetsyErkkila,LindaR.Williams,AliceWalker,LuceIrigary,andHeleneCixousare______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析69、Theheartofthedisagreementoverliteraryinfluenceasdiscussedinthispassageliesin______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析70、Withregardtothestatementaboutromanticizing,maternalizing,essentializing,andeternalizingwomenwritersandtherelationshipsamongthem,theauthor’sattitudewouldbeto______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析三、完形填空(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Mykneeswereshaking.I【41】afraid【42】withthem,【43】I【44】myselfoutonthepathtofollowthem.Amara'shusband【45】comingbackandsawme."【46】myagemates【47】thiswitchcraft.Youcomebackwithmeandkeepwatch【48】mywife.Helpmeguard【49】body.HewillkillherandIcannotpreventit.Buthe【50】killedherinvain.Heshallnoteatherbody."Itwasdarkinsidethereceptionhut,andveryquiet.Thewomen【51】keptwatchoverAmara,andherco-wifestillsatwithher.Themanstoodlookingdownuponher.Amanmustnevercallhiswife【52】hernameandmaynevertouchher【53】public.Themanknelt【54】hiswife."ChildofLam."Shedidnot【55】.Tentativelyhe【56】hishandonherforehead.Perhapshethoughtsheheard,【57】headdedbravely,"【58】willhappentoyou,Amara【59】wife.."Heclaspedherhandin【60】.WesatoninsilencewaitingforAmaratodie.71、A、amB、wasC、willbeD、havebeen標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析72、A、IwentB、goC、butD、togo標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析73、A、yetB、moreoverC、evenD、soon標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析74、A、obligedB、constrainedC、coercedD、forced標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析75、A、isB、wasC、willbeD、hadbeen標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析76、A、GrantB、LetC、PardonD、Forgive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析77、A、takecareforB、takecareofC、careofD、carefor標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析78、A、aroundB、withC、byD、for標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析79、A、myB、yourC、hisD、her標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析80、A、isB、wasC、willhaveD、wouldhave標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析81、A、evenB、eve