PartIListeningComprehension

SectionAQuestions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Doingenjoyablework.B)Havingfriendlycolleagues.

C)Earningacompetitivesalary.D)Workingforsupportivebosses.

2.A)31%.B)20%.C)25%,D)73%.

3.A)Thoseofasmallsize.B)Thoserunbywomen.

C)Thosethatarewellmanaged.D)Thosefullofskilledworkers.

4.A)Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.B)Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

C)Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.D)Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.B)Itisanintroductiontomusic.

C)ItisaboutthecityofBruges.D)Itisacollectionofphotos.

6.A)WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.B)WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity.

C)Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.D)WhenwritingaboutBelgium'scoastalregions.

7.A)TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.B)TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.

C)TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted.D)ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.

8.A)Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.

B)Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.

C)Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.

D)Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.

SectionBQuestions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Theymakecarefulpreparationbeforehand.B)Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount.

C)Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat.D)Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot.

10.A)Aperson'snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined.

B)Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves.

C)Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes,performance.

D)Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemasdoing.

11.A)Anticipatepossibleproblems.B)Makealistofdo'sanddon'ts.

C)Picturethemselvessucceeding.D)Trytoappearmoreprofessional.

12.A)Sheworeadesignerdress.B)Shewonherfirstjurytrial.

C)Shedidnotspeakloudenough.D)Shepresentedmovingpictures.

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

13.A)Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.B)Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.

C)Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.D)Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.

14.A)Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.

B)Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.

C)Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.D)Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.

15.A)Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.B)Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.

C)Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.D)Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.

SectionCQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Observingthechangesinmarketing.B)Conductingresearchonconsumerbehavior.

C)Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.D)Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.

17.A)Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots.B)Itisgettingworseyearbyyear.

C)Itisachiefconcernofparents.D)Itisanactofsocialising.

18.A)Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehavior.

B)Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.

C)Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.D)Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.B)Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney.

C)Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.D)Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.

20.A)Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrency.

B)Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.

C)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.

D)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.

21.A)Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain.B)Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.

C)Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly.D)Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.

22.A)Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes.B)Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.

C)Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending.D)Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Populationexplosion.B)Chronichunger.C)Extinctionofrarespecies.D)Environmentaldeterioration.

24.A)Theycontributetooverpopulation.B)Abouthalfofthemareunintended.

C)Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.D)Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.

25.A)Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.B)Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.

C)Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.D)Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates9attention.

PARTII.ReadingSectionAQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Pastaisnolongeroffthemenu,afteranewreviewofstudiessuggestedthatthecarbohydratecanformpartofa

healthydiet,andevenhelppeopleloseweight.Foryears,nutritionistshaverecommendedthatpastabekepttoa26,

tocutcalories,preventfatbuild-upandstopbloodsugar27up.Thelow-carbohydratefoodmovementgavebirthto

suchdietsastheAtkins,PaleoandKeto,whichadvisedswappingfoodslikebread,pastaandpotatoesforvegetables,

fishandmeat.Morerecentlythetrendofswappingspaghettiforvegetableshasbeen28byclean-eatingexperts.But

nowa29reviewandanalysisof30studiesbyCanadianresearchersfoundthatnotonlydoespastanotcauseweight

gain,butthreemealsaweekcanhelppeopledropmorethanhalfakilogramoverfourmonths.Thereviewersfound

thatpastahadbeenunfairlydemonized(妖魔化)becauseithadbeen30inwithother,moreft-promoting

carbohydrates.ktThestudyfoundthatpastadidn't31oweightgainorincreaseinbodyfat,“saidleadauthorDrJohn

Sievenpiper.€tIn32theevidence,wecannowsaywithsomeconfidencethatpastadoesnothavean33effecton

bodyweighoutcomeswhenitisconsumedaspartofahealthydietarypattern.”Infact,analysisactuallyshoweda

smallweighloss34toconcerns,perhapspastacanbepartofahealthydiet.Thoseinvolvedinthe35trialson

averageate3.3servingsofpastaaweekinsteadofothercarbohydrates,oneservingequalingaroundhalfacup.They

lostaroundhalfakilogramoveranaveragefollow-upof12weeks.

A)adverseB)championedC)clinicalD)contraryE)contribute

F)intimateG)lumpedH)magnifiedI)minimumJ)radiating

K)rationL)shootingM)subscribeN)systematic0)weighing

SectionBResilienceIsAboutHowYouRecharge,NotHowYouEndure

[A]Asconstanttravelersandparentsofa2-year-old,wesometimesfantasizeabouthowmuchworkwecandowhen

oneofusgetsonaplane,undistractedbyphones,friends,ormovies.Weracetogetallourgroundworkdone:

packing,goingthroughsecurity,doingalast-minuteworkcall,callingeachother,thenboardingtheplane.Then,

whenwetrytohavethatamazingworksessionin(light,wegetnothingdone.Evenworse,afterrefreshingouremail

orreadingthesamestudiesoverandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieronwith(繼續(xù)處理)the

emailsthathaveinevitablystillpiledup.

|B]Whyshouldflyingdepleteus?We'rejustsittingtheredoingnothing.Whycan'twebetougher,more

resilienl(有復(fù)原力的)anddeterminedinourworksowecanaccomplishallofthegoalswesetforourselves?Based

onourcurrentresearch,wehavecometorealizethattheproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitself;

theproblemcomesfromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.

|C]Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough“approachtoresilienceanddeterminationlikeaMarinepullinghimself

throughthemud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupoffthegroundforonemore

play.Webelievethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.

However,thisentireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.

[D]Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilientand

successful.Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceof

healthandsafetyproblems.Andlackofrecovery-whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhaving

continuouscognitivearousalbywatchingourphones—iscostingourcompanies$62billionayearinlost

productivity.

[E]Andjustbecauseworkstops,itdoesn'tmeanwearerecovering.We“stop"worksometimesat5pm,butthenwe

spendthenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutourworkoverdinner,andfallingasleep

thinkingabouthowmuchworkwe'lldotomorrow.Inastudyjustreleased,researchersfromNorwayfoundthat

7.8%ofNorwegianshavebecomeworkaholics（工作狂）.Thescientistsciteadefinition“workaholism''as"being

overlyconcernedaboutwork,drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvestingsomuchtimeandeffortin

workthatitimpairsotherimportantlifeareas/5

[F]WebelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinitionincludesthemajorityofAmericanworkers,which

promptedustobeginastudyofworkaholismintheU.S.Ourstudywillusealargecorporatedatasetfromamajor

medicalcompanytoexaminehowtechnologyextendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitive

recovery,resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsforemployers.

[G]Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildrenresilience

mightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3amtofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortionof

resilience!Aresilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryone

ontheroadwithhisimpaireddriving;hedoesn'thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehas

lowerself-controlwithhisfriends;andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionarethe

oppositeofresilienceandthebadhabitsweacquirewhenwe5reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.

[H]AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneed

moretimeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Gatheringyourresourcesto“tryhard“requiresburning

energyinordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Italsoworsensexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalanced

webecomeduetooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiestheallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.The

valueofarecoveryperiodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.

[I]Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklikeanswering

emailsorwrithingapaper,yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenext

morning,you'Hhaveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,

unabletofallasleepbecauseyourbrainsisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhave

rested,butyoucanstillfeelexhaustedthenextday.That'sbecauserestandrecoveryarenotthesamething.

[J]Ifyou'retryingtobuildresilienceatwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.As

researchersZijIstra,CropleyandRydstedtwriteintheir2014paper:'internalrecoveryreferstotheshorterperiods

ofrelaxationthattakeplacewithintheframesoftheworkdayortheworksettingintheformofshortscheduledor

unscheduledbreaks,byshiftingattentionorchangingtootherworktaskswhenthementalorphysicalresources

requiredfortheinitialtaskaretemporarilydepletedorexhausted.Externalrecoveryreferstoactionsthattakeplace

outsideofwork一e.g.inthefreetimebetweentheworkdays,andduringweekends,holidaysorvacations.,,Ifafter

workyouliearoundonyourbedandgetirritatedbypoliticalcommentaryonyourphoneorgetstressedthinking

aboutdecisionsabouthowtorenovateyourhome,yourbrainhasnotreceivedabreakfromhighmentalarousal

states.Ourbrainsneedarestasmuchasourbodiesdo.

[K]Ifyoureallywanttobuildresilience,youcanstartbystrategicallystopping.Giveyourselftheresourcestobe

toughbycreatinginternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.AmyBlanksondescribeshowtostrategicallystopduring

thedaybyusingtechnologytocontroloverworking.ShesuggestsdownloadingtheInstantorMomentappstosee

howmanytimesyouturnonyourphoneeachday.YoucanalsouseappslikeOfftimeorUnpluggedtocreatetech

freezonesbystrategicallyschedulingautomaticairplanemodes.Theaveragepersonturnsontheirphone150times

everyday.Ifeverydistractiontookonly1minute,thatwouldaccountfor2.5hoursaday.

[L]Inaddition,youcantakeacognitivebreakevery90minutestochargeyourbatteries.Trytonothavelunchat

yourdesk,butinsteadspendtimeoutsideorwithyourfriends—nottalkingaboutwork.Takeallofyourpaidtime

off,whichnotonlygivesyourecoveryperiods,butraisesyourproductivityandlikelihoodofpromotion.

[M]Asforus,we'vestartedusingourplanetimeasawork-freezone,andthustimetodipintotherecoveryphase.

Theresultshavebeenfantastic.Weareusuallytiredalreadybythetimewegetonaplane,andthecrowdedspace

andunstableinternetconnectionmakeworkmorechallenging.Now,insteadofswimmingupstream,werelax,sleep,

watchmovies,orlistentomusic.Andwhenwegetofftheplane,insteadofbeingdepleted,wefeelrecoveredand

readytoreturntotheperformancezone.

36.Ithasbeenfoundthatinadequaterecoveryoftenleadstopoorhealthandaccidents.

37.Mentalrelaxationismuchneeded,justasphysicalrelaxationis.

38.Adequaterestnotonlyhelpsonerecover,butalsoincreasesone'sworkefficiency.

39.Theauthoralwayshasahectictimebeforetakingaflight.

40.Recoverymaynottakeplaceevenifoneseemstohavestoppedworking.

41.Itisadvisedthattechnologybeusedtopreventpeoplefromoverworking.

42.Contrarytopopularbelief,restdoesnotequalrecovery.

43.Theauthorhascometoseethathisproblemresultsfromamisunderstandingofthemeaningofresilience.

44.People'sdistortedviewaboutresiliencemayhavedevelopedfromtheirupbringing.

45.Peopletendtothinkthemoredeterminedtheyare,thegreatertheirsuccesswillbe.

SectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Schoolsarenotjustamicrocosm^ofsociety:theymediateittoo.Thebestseektoalleviatetheexternal

pressuresontheirpupilswhileequippingthembettertounderstandandhandletheworldoutside—atoncesheltering

themandbroadeningtheirhorizons.Thisisambitiousinanycircumstances,andinadividedandunequalsocietythe

twoidealscanclash?！ù吻榱?，(直接地).

Tripsthatmanyadultswouldconsidertheadventureofalifetime-treksinBorneo,asportstourtoBarbados-appear

tohavebecomealmostroutineatsomestateschools.Parentsarebeingaskedforthousandsofpounds.Though

schoolscannotprofitfromthesetrips,thecompaniesthatarrangethemdo.Meanwhile,pupilsarriveatschoolhungry

becausetheirfamiliescan'taffordbreakfast.TheChildPovertyActionGroupsaysnineoutof30ineveryclassroom

fallbelowthepovertyline.Thediscrepancyisstartlinglyapparent.Introducingafundraisingrequirementfor

studentsdoesnothelp,asbetter-offchildrencantapupricherauntsandneighbours.

ProbingtherockpoolsofalocalbeachorpractisingFrenchonalanguageexchangecanfirechildren'spassions,

boosttheirskillsandopentheireyestolife'spossibilities.Educationaloutingshelpbrightbutdisadvantagedstudents

togetbetterscoresinA-leveltests.Inthisglobalisedage,thereisagoodcaseforinternationaltravelandsome

parentssaytheycanmanagethecostofaschooltripabroadmoreeasilythanafamilyholiday.Eveninthefaceof

immenseandmountingfinancialpressures.Someschoolshaveshownremarkabledeterminationandingenuityin

ensuringthatalltheirpupilsareabletotakeupopportunitiesthatmaybetrulylife-changing.Theyshouldbe

applauded.Methodssuchaswhole-schoolfundraisingwiththeproceeds{)pooled,canhelptoextend

opportunitiesandfuelcommunityspirit.

But￡3,000tripscannotbejustifiedwhentheaverageincomeforfamilieswithchildrenisjustover￡30,000.

Suchinitiativesclosedoorsformanypupils.Someparentspulltheirchildrenoutofschoolbecauseofexpensive

fieldtrips.Evenparentswhocanseethatatripislittlemorethanapartyorcelebrationmaywellfeelguiltthattheir

childisleftbehind.

TheDepartmentforEducation'sguidancesaysschoolscanchargeonlyforboardandlodgingifthetripispartof

thesyllabus,andthatstudentsreceivinggovernmentaidareexemptfromthesecosts.However,manyschoolsseem

toignoretheadvice;anditdoesnotcoverthekindofglamorous,exotictrips,whicharebecomingincreasingly

common.Schoolscannotbeexpectedtobringtogethercommunitiessingle-handed.Buttheleastweshouldexpectis

thattheydonotfosterdivisionsandexcludethosewhoarealreadydisadvantaged.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsaybestschoolsshoulddo?

A)Preparestudentstobothchallengeandchangethedividedunequalsociety.

B)Protectstudentsfromsocialpressuresandenablethemtofacetheworld.

C)Motivatestudentstodeveloptheirphysicalaswellasintellectualabilities.

D)Encouragestudentstobeambitiousandhelpthemtoachievetheirgoals.

47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutschoolfieldtrips?

A)Theyenablestudentsfromdifferentbackgroundstomixwitheachother.

B)Theywidenthegapbetweenprivilegedanddisadvantagedstudents.

C)Theygivethedisadvantagedstudentsachancetoseetheworld.

D)Theyonlybenefitstudentswithrichrelativesandneighbours.

48.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestcanhelpbuildcommunityspirit?

A)Eventsaimingtoimprovecommunityservices.B)Activitiesthathelptofuelstudents*ingenuity.

C)Eventsthatrequiremutualunderstanding.D)Activitiesinvolvingallstudentsoncampus.

49.Whatdowelearnaboutlow-incomeparentsregardingschoolfieldtrips?

A)Theywanttheirchildrentoparticipateeventhoughtheydon'tseemuchbenefit.

B)Theydon'twanttheirkidstoparticipatebutfindithardtokeepthemfromgoing.

C)Theydon'twanttheirkidstomissanychancetobroadentheirhorizonsdespitethecost.

D)Theywanttheirchildrentoexperienceadventuresbuttheydon'twantthemtorunrisks,

50.Whatistheauthor'sexpectationofschools?

A)Bringingacommunitytogetherwithingenuity.B)Resolvingtheexistingdiscrepanciesinsociety.

C)Avoidingcreatingnewgapsamongstudents.D)Givingpoorstudentspreferentialtreatment.

PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Risingtemperaturesandoverfishinginthe(未受污染的)watersaroundtheAntarcticcouldseeking

penguinpopulationspushedtothebrinkofextinctionbytheendofthecentury,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy's

reportstatesthatasglobalwarmingtransfonnstheenvironmentintheworld'slastgreatwilderness,70percentof

kingpenguinscouldeitherdisappearorbeforcedtofindnewbreedinggrounds.

Co-authorCelineLeBohec,fromtheUniversityofStrasbourginFrance,wamed:"Ifthere9renoactionsaimedat

halingorcontrollingglobalwarming,andthepaceofthecurrenthuman-inducedchangessuchasclimatechange

andoverfishingstaysthesame,thespeciesmaysondisappear.^^Thefindingscomeamidgrowingconcernoverthe

futureoftheAntarctic.Earlierthismonthaseparatestudyfoundthatacombinationofclimatechangeandindustrial

fishingisthreateningthekrill(磷蝦)populationinAntarcticwaters,withapotentiallydisastrousimpactonwhales,

sealsandpenguins.Buttoday'sreportisthestarkestwarningyetofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofclimate

changeandhumanexploitationontheAntarctic'sdelicateecosystems.

LeBohecsaid:"Unlesscurrentgreenhousegasemissionsdrop,70percentofkingpenguins-1.1million

breedingpairs-willbeforcedtorelocatetheirbreedinggrounds,orfaceextinctionby2100.^^Kingpenguinsarethe

second-largesttypeofpenguinandonlybreedonspecificisolatedislandsintheSouthernOceanwherethereisno

icecoverandeasyaccesstothesea.Astheoceanwarms,abodyofwatercalledtheAntarcticPolarFront-an

upwardmovementofnutrient-richseathatsupportsahugeabundanceofmarinelife-isbeingpushedfurthersouth,

Thismeansthatkingpenguins,whichfeedonfishandkrillinthisbodyofwater,havetotravelfurthertotheir

feedinggrounds,leavingtheirhungrychicksforlonger.Andasthedistancebetweentheirbreedinggroundsandtheir

foodgrows,entirecoloniescouldbewipedout.

LeBohecsaid:"Theplightofthekingpenguinshouldserveasawarningaboutthefutureoftheentiremarine

environmentintheAntarctic.Penguins,likeotherseabirdsandmarinemammals,occupyhigherlevelsinthefood

chainandtheyarewhatwecallbio-indicatorsoftheirecosystems."Penguinsaresensitiveindicatorsofchangesin

marineecosystems.Assuch,theyarekeyspeciesforunderstandingandpredictingimpactsofglobalchangeon

Antarcticandsub-Antarcticmarineecosystems.Thereportfoundthatalthoughsomekingpenguinsmaybeableto

relocatetonewbreedinggroundsclosertotheirretreatingfoodsource,suitablenewhabitatswouldbescarce.Onlya

handfulofislandsintheSouthernOceanaresuitableforsustaininglargebreedingcolonies.

51.Whatwillhappenby2100,accordingtoanewstudy