人教版高中英語選修7 定語從句全解_第1頁
人教版高中英語選修7 定語從句全解_第2頁
人教版高中英語選修7 定語從句全解_第3頁
人教版高中英語選修7 定語從句全解_第4頁
人教版高中英語選修7 定語從句全解_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩5頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

定語從句全解

IDefinition.

在名詞性從句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,從句放在所

修飾詞(即先行詞)之后由關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。

e.g.:ThestorythatyoureadisTheRescue.你讀的故事叫《營救》。

Sheisthegirlwhogotthefirstprize.她就是那個(gè)得了第一名的女孩。

IIRelatives.

1.RelativePronouns:that,which,who,whom,whose

Antecedent^^^^^^^ReferringtoFunction

whopeoplesubject/object

whompeopleobject

thatpeople/thingssubject/object

whichthingssubject/object

whosepeople/thingsattribute

(1)當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)使用who和whom,若在句中作主語用who;如果作賓語用whom,但在口語中,常用

who代替whom,也可省略。

e.g.Theforeignerwho/thatvisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(作主語)

Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledJack.(作主語)

Thegirlwho/whom/thatMwemetyesterdayisLiFei'ssister.(作賓語)

Heisthemanwhom/that/who/xIvisitedlastweek.(作賓語)

(2)that先行詞即可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時(shí)可以省略。

e.g.Hehasjustmovedintothehousethat/whichwasbuiltlastyear.(作主語)

Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.(作賓語)

Lefsaskthemanthat/whoisreadingthebookoverthere.(作主語)

Thegirl(that/whom/x)wesawyesterdayisJim'ssister.(作賓語)

(3)當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)用which,在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時(shí)可以省略。

e.g.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdon'tneedmuchwater.(作主語)

Thebooks(which/that)weboughtwerenotinteresting.(作賓語)

(4)whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞可是人也可是物,在從句中作定語。

e.g.MissSmithistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.(作定語)

HarryistheboywhosemotherisourChineseteacher.(作定語)

?、歷se+名詞,〃心沛這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語,又能作賓語。whose的先行詞常用來指人,

但有時(shí)也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念,這時(shí)可以與4卬位兇結(jié)構(gòu)互換,詞序是:“名詞+4卬/加〃”,

如:

Theycametoahouse卬backwallhadbrokendown..(=thebackwallofwhich)

He'swrittenabookthenameofwhichI'vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)

★當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞缺少先行詞時(shí),需用theone來補(bǔ)充

e.g.Isthemuseumtheone(that)youvisited?

(5)介詞和關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

i關(guān)系代詞whom,which在從句中作介詞賓語時(shí),可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。為了使關(guān)

系代詞緊跟它所修飾的詞,也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面。

e.g.Theathletetowhomyoutalkedisafamousrunner.(whom不能省略,不能用who代替)

—Theathletewhom/that/'xyoutalkedtoisafamousrunner.

Mr.Whiteistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite,(whom不能省略,不能用who代替)

ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter,(which不能省略,不能用that代替)

—Thisisthepenthat/which/lwrotetheletterwith.

3含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開,介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。

e.g.Isthisthewatchwhichheislookingfbr?(不能說成:Isthisthewatchforwhichheislooking?)

Theoldmanwhomthenursearelookingafterisverywellnow.

Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.

3關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞不能放在它的前面,只能放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面;而

當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可用that/which(指物);that/whom/who(指人)作介詞的賓語,

而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可省略。

e.g.Thecitythat/which/xshelivesinisveryfaraway.=Thecityinwhichshelivesisveryfaraway.

Thisistheherothat/who/whoni/'xweareproudof.不能說:Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.

4關(guān)系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞賓語。

e.g.Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.

2.RelativeAdverbs:where,when,why

PlaceFunctionReplacedby

Antecedent

whereplaceadverbialofplaceat/in+which

whentimeadverbialoftimeat/in/on+which

whyreasonadverbialofreasonfor+which

(1)where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

e.g.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichwelivedlastyear.

Thefactorywhere/inwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

(2)when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。

e.g.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.

We'llneverforgetthehappytimewhen/atwhichweworkedonthefarm.

⑶why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語。

e.g.Thereareseveralreasonswhy/forwhichwecan'tdothat.

Hecouldn'tgivemeagoodreasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatefbrschool.

IllTypes:RestrictiveAttributiveClause&Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClause

限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句

形式上不用逗號(hào)“,”,與主句不隔開用逗號(hào)“,”,與主句隔開

是先行詞不可缺少的定語,如刪只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明,如刪

意義上除,主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不除,主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思

完整

作賓語時(shí)可省略不可省略

關(guān)系詞使用

可用that不用that

可用who代替whom不可用who代替whom

1.限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況,對(duì)先行詞起限定作用,與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切,不用逗號(hào)隔開,

也不可省略,否則全句意義就不完整。

e.g.Thisisthetelegramwhich/thatherefersto.

Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?

2.非限制性定語從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明,沒有限定作用,它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散,不是關(guān)

鍵性的,如果省略,原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓,在文字中通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔

開。

e.g.ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.

Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.

?引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有:who,whom,whose,which,when和where,不可以用that和why。

另外,非限制性定語從句從意義上講,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句,在口語中使用并不普遍,在日常生活中,

人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。如:

ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholatertoldittohisbrother.=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohis

brother.

YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohn,whowaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.

=YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohnandhewaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.

3.兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同,限制性定語從句具有涉他性,而非限制性定語從句具有唯一性,這在理

解和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。試比較:

{Hisbrother,whoiseighteenyearsold,isaPLAman.(只有一個(gè))

Hisbrotherwho/thatisaPLAmaniseighteenyearsold.(不止一個(gè))

{Mybrotherwho/thatlivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.(可能還有其他兄弟)

Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.(只有這一個(gè)兄弟)

{Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.

Allthebookstherethathavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.

4.在正式文體中,以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常以inwhich或that引導(dǎo),如:

Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.

?但在非正式文體中,人們通常省略inwhich或that:

e.g.Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.

Idon'tliketheway(that)youlaughather.

IV關(guān)系詞的選擇(當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中做主語或賓語時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞;當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中做狀語時(shí),要用關(guān)

系副詞{「hisistheplacewhereheworks.

e.g.

Thisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedlast

Ioftenthinkofthedaysthat/whichIspentinBrown'slastsummer.

{Hekeptlaughingduringthetwohours(that)ittooktoflytoBeijing.

Pract__{Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinQingdao?

DoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?

★在非正式場(chǎng)合,that可代替where,when,why;常見的情況是:此時(shí)的先行詞通常是theplace,thetime,

thereason,而且that常可省略。

Thisistheplace(that)heworks.(=where)

Thatwasthetime(that)hearrived.(=when)

Thisisthereason(that)hecame.(=why)

Practice:Isthisthefactorythat/which/'xhisfathervisitedlastyear?

Isthisfactorytheonethat/which/xhisfathervisitedlastyear?

Isthisthefactorywhichhisfatherworkedlastyear?

Isthisfactorythetowhichhisfatherpaidavisitlastyear?

Attention:

1.在Non-A.C.中,關(guān)系代詞作主語,只能用who指人,which指物;關(guān)系代詞做賓語,常用whom(口

語中有時(shí)用who)指人,which指物,它們都不能用that代替。

2.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語,不論是在限制性定語從句中,還是在非限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí),只

能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介詞后置,則不受這種限制,關(guān)系代詞還可以省去,特別是在口

語中。如:

Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?

Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?

Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.

在R-AC中,只能用that,不用which指物的情況

(1)當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all,much,little,only,just,every,last,oneof,no,little,few,any,something,

everything,anything,nothing,none,theone.....及thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)

e.g.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.

TheonlythingthatIwanttodoistohavearest.ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.

Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.

(2)當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)或被它們修飾時(shí)

e.g.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhave

everseen.

Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.Isthatthebestthatyoucando?

That'sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe'veeverstayedin.ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveever

read.

WhenpeopletalkaboutHangZhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.

(3)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)

e.g.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

Thefilmstarandheafilmthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywell-known.

Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.

TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren'sPalace.

(4)由which或who等特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的句子

e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?

Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperover

there?

(5)當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)

e.g.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.Heisnotthepersonthatheusedtobe.

c.f.:Shanghaiisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

(6)如果兩個(gè)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞用which,另一個(gè)用that以避免重復(fù)。

e.g.Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

4.用which而不用that的場(chǎng)合

(1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)e.g.Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.

(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句which可代表先行詞或者前句,“這一點(diǎn),這件事”

e.g.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.(他建立了一個(gè)生產(chǎn)以前從未見過

的東西的工廠)

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.

(3)先行詞為that,those時(shí)e.g.What'sthatwhichwasputinthecar?

(4)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)定語從句,為避免重復(fù),一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)用which

e.g.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

讓我給你看這本從圖書館借的剛剛向我們開放的書。

5.在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指囚時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that,二者??苫Q。

但在下列情況中,用who(m),而不用that

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定4弋詞口寸,如one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,

everybody等詞時(shí)。e.g.Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?

Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.

(?在非正式文體中可以說:You'retheonethatknowswheretogo.)

(2)當(dāng)先行詞是I,you,he,they,those,people,person等詞時(shí)。如:

e.g.Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindsgettingwet.Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputup

yourhands.

(?在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中,可用hethat…。如:Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.)

(3)當(dāng)先行詞是人,后面有較長的定語修飾時(shí)。如:

Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?

你知道那位穿藍(lán)色衣服,戴厚眼鏡在會(huì)上發(fā)言的作家嗎?

(4)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,先行詞指人時(shí),只用whoe.g.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.

(5)兩個(gè)定語從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞,一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)常用who(m)來引導(dǎo),如:

e.g.ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohasjustcomefromShanghai.

Sheistheonlygirl(that)Iknowwhocanplaytheguitar.

6.注意way和time后接定語從句的情況

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是way"方式、方法”時(shí),引導(dǎo)的定語從句的關(guān)系詞有下列三種形式:

e.g.Idon'tunderstandthewayinwhich/that/xtheyworkedouttheproblem.

c.f:Thewaythat/which/y-heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(作賓語)他向我們解釋的那種方法很

簡單。

Thewaythat/inwhich/'xheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(作賓語)

他向我們解釋句子的那種方法并不難理解。

Ex:表示……的……時(shí)可以有三種方式:例如:封面是白色的書(在定語從句中whose可以指人的…和

物的…)

...thebookwhosecoveriswhite.../...thebookthecoverofwhichiswhite.../...thebookofwhichthecover

iswhite

⑵先行詞是time時(shí),若time表示“次數(shù)”時(shí),應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句,that可省略;若表示“一

段時(shí)間”時(shí),應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during+which引導(dǎo)定語從句。

e.g.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.

Icouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)Ihavefailedinexams.我不記得我考試有多少次失敗了。

Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.

7.定語從句的主謂一致

(1)關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時(shí),從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致,先行詞是個(gè)句子時(shí),

從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

e.g.Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishome-made.

I,whoamyourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.

⑵“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時(shí),從句的動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù);但當(dāng)one前有the(only),the

(very)等修飾時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

e.g.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.

Mr.Wangisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhohasbeeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.

王先生是我的唯一一位被邀請(qǐng)與我們共進(jìn)晚餐的朋友。

TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingthatdrawlotsofvisitors.長城是吸引大批游客的偉

大建筑物之一。

TheGreatWallisthe(only)oneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.

長城是地球上唯一一個(gè)從月球上可以看到的建筑物。

nottheonlyoneof.....=onlyoneof

e.g.Tomisn'ttheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.通過考試的男孩,Tom并非唯一。

=Tomisonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.Tom只是通過了考試的男孩子們中的一個(gè)(不是

唯一)。

(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾主句內(nèi)容時(shí),若as與which作主語,則從句的

謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

e.g.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.

Hehaspassedthecollegeentranceexamination,whichmakeshisparentsquitehappy.

Vas引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,又可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,as在從句中做主語、賓語、

表語。

as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。

(l)such+名詞+as.......”像…一樣的”“像...之類”

thesame+名詞+as.......”和....同樣的“

其中關(guān)系代詞as在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語

e.g.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(as作主語)我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們公產(chǎn)里用的

那種材料。

Suchpeopleasyoudescribearethoughttobefoolsnowadays.(as作賓語)當(dāng)今像你描述的這種人被看作

傻瓜。

Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(as作表語)

※派當(dāng)先行詞被thesame所修飾時(shí),關(guān)系詞既可以用as,也可以用that。That表示同一事物;as表示

同一種類。

e.g.ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.這就是我昨天用過的那臺(tái)儀器。

ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺(tái)一樣。

X在抽象概念上,同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的,所以兩個(gè)詞可換用:

Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.

這里要注意的是:

①使用as時(shí),它引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的動(dòng)詞可以省略,但使用that時(shí),定語從句中的動(dòng)詞不可省略。如:

Womenreceivedthesamepayasmen.

Womenreceivedthesamepaythatmenreceived.

2在“thesame…that”結(jié)構(gòu)中,that只是用來加強(qiáng)語氣,強(qiáng)調(diào)“相同that可以省去而不改變句子原意,甚

至連名詞前的same也可以省去。如:

ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.=ThisisthesameinstrumentIusedyesterday.

=ThisistheinstrumentIusedyesterday.

但在“thesame…as”結(jié)構(gòu)中,same和as都不能省略。

3當(dāng)“thesame…that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時(shí),不可以直接與as互換。

e.g.HelivesinthesamebuildingthatIlive.=Helivesinthesamebuildingas/thatIlivein.

Shallwemeetatthesameplacethatwelastmet?=Shallwemeetatthesameplacethat/aswelastmetat?

(2).......suchas.......(當(dāng)先行詞前有such,so,as時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as)

such為代詞“這樣的人或物”,as在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分,修飾先行詞such

e.g.ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.(as作賓語)這不是一本我所希望的書。

Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn'tunderstand.一個(gè)聰明男人很少會(huì)談這些他不懂的事

物。

HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand,他用這樣人都能聽懂的簡單英語說話。

Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.

Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.

Lefsdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.讓我們討論這些能夠自由談?wù)摰氖虑椤?/p>

另需注意:

ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.(定語從句)這本書用初學(xué)者都懂懂

的簡單英語寫成。

ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstand.(結(jié)果狀語從句)

這本書用如此簡單的英語寫成以至于初學(xué)者都懂。

關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

小相同的是兩者都可代指主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容,而不是主句中的某一個(gè)詞。

3as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,既可以在主句前,又可在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中,而which引導(dǎo)的非限

制性定語從句只能位于主句后。

e.g.Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.

Asisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.

=Edisoninventedthetelephone,asisknowntoalL=Edison,asisknowntoall,inventedthetelephone.

3當(dāng)先行次受such,thesame修飾時(shí),關(guān)系詞常用ase.g.Tveneverheardsuchs

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論