第三十七講閱讀理解

考綱解讀：

考查語言的綜合運用能力，能夠讀懂書籍，報紙，雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文段，以及

公告，說明，廣告等，從中獲得有用的信息。題型：閱讀理解（主旨題；細節(jié)題；猜詞

題；作者的觀點和意圖：推斷題）+七選五

命題趨勢：

文體多樣，以記敘文，議論文，說明文和應用文為主。話題廣泛包括人物故事，前沿科技,

環(huán)境保護，地理現(xiàn)象，歷史文化，廣告信息等。

題型靈活，以細節(jié)理解題，主旨大意題，推理判斷和詞義猜測為主，考查理解和運用語言能

力。

一、主旨題

【題干】

1.Whatisthebesttitlefor/ofthepassage?

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusaboutinthetext?

4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthearticle/passage/text?

做答這類問題時，將閱讀重點放在首尾部分，中間部分則可采用略讀或掃讀的方式，一

則省時間，二則目標明確，正答率自然也相應提高了。

干擾項：細節(jié)干擾，偷換概念，背景知識

It'snottheflashiestcarintheworld.Notevenclose.Butinthe1971VolkswagennamedHelios

candosomethingmostcarscan't：runonsolarenergy-energyfromthesun'slightandheat!

66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.VolkswagennamedHelios

B.1971AmericanTourontheRoad

C.Sun-poweredCarsOntheRoad

D.UseofGreenCarsinConnection

二、細節(jié)題

【題干】

1.Accordingtothepassage,who/how/where/when

2.Accordingtotheauthor,"it''wascausedby

3.WhichofthefollowingareNOTmentionedinthepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingpeopleshould（not）doit?

定位：

何人、何處、何事、和何時何故，因此，重視人名、日期、事實、數(shù)據(jù)和地點。

Cattlehaveservedhumanitysinceprehistoric（史前）daysasbeastsofburdenandassupplierof

leather,meat,andmilk.Someoftheearliestwrittenrecordsconcernthesaleofcattle.These

valuableanimalsareunusualinthattheydonothavefrontteethintheirupperjaw.Insteadthey

chewwiththeirbackteethandgums（齒齦）.Cowsswallowtheirfoodquicklyandstoreitinthe

fatstomachorrumen,thefirstofthefourcompartmentsstomachsintheir.

71.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherumen?

A.Thefirststomachcompartment.

B.Thenameoftheupperjaw.

C.Thestomachwheredigestion（消化）takesplace.

D.Thenameofthebacteria（細菌）inthecow'sstomach.

三、猜測詞義

閱讀理解的測試中經(jīng)常有猜測詞、短語、習語意義的題目，這些詞、短語、習語要么是

生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時積累是不夠的，還要掌握一定的做題技巧。

1.根據(jù)構詞法（轉化、合成、派生）進行判斷

"Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10/Anacleriosaid,*'andthey'reveryinteractiveand

creativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject."

文中interactive是由前綴inter（相互的）和active（活動的，活躍的）構成的，同時根據(jù)上下文的

意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應是“互動的”。

老師要給學生總結常見的前后綴。

2.根據(jù)上下文解釋作出判斷

ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentCentreoffersawidevarietyofchoice-deluxesedans,

minivans,stationwagons,coaches,Santanasedansarethebigfavourite.

3.根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行選擇

However,thequestionthatHmoonpeople'*askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberof

scientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.

4.根據(jù)轉折或對比關系進行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等就可

以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號

(;)也可以表示轉折、對比或不相干的意義。

Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle；itcanbeabasketoffun。

5.根據(jù)因果關系進行判斷(because,as,since,so???that???,therefore等)

Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory...Allofourice——creamandfrozenfoodsmelted.

6.根據(jù)同位關系進行判斷：閱讀中有時出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面就跟著一個同位語，對前面的

詞進行解釋，有時這種解釋也用連詞“or”連接。例如：

…，andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(orold

English),aGermaniclanguage.

1.(2015年新課標I卷A)

MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseum

Ourmonthlytalksstartat19:30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.

Admissionisatnonnalchargesandyoudon'tneedtobook.Theyendaround21:00.

November7th

TheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearly

canalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofnanalplanningand

building.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontothe

educationofthatgroupofearly"civilengineers”.

December5th

IcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademand

foriceforfoodpreservationandcatering,Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnatural

iceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon'sicetradegrew.

February6th

AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowards

reopenling.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthe

presentstateofplay.

March6th

EyotsandAits-ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshadmanyislands.Mirandahas

undertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.

Onlinebookings:.uk/book

Moreinto:.uk/whatson

LondonCanalMuseum

12-13NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RT

.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobi

Tel:02077130836

21.WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?

A.February6th.B.March6th.C.November7th.D.December5th.

22.WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary?

A.TheCanalPioneers.B.IcefortheMetropolis

C.EyotsandAits-ThamesIslandsD.AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals

23.WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames.

A.MirandaVickersB.MalcolmTuckerC.ChrisLewisD.LizPayne

2.（2015年新課標I卷B）

ThefreezingNortheasthasn'tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthe

chancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay

“sunshine”.IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC（維生素C）,thinkingofbeachesand

orangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,Isentupasmallprayerof

gratefulness.Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets（atnormaleveninghours,not4in

theafternoon）filledtheweekend,butthebestpart-particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsof

cold-weatherrootvegetables-wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafanners5marketthatproved

tobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.

Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7:00amto1

p.m,rainorshine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries,the

red-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,soft

androundredtomatoes.

Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine?ripened（蔓上成熟的）promise,I'verefusedtobuy

wintertomatoesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhome

they,reunfailinglydry,hard,andtasteless.ButIhomedin,withuncertainty,ononeparticular

tableattheBrown'sGroveFarm'sstand,fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.These

weretherealdeal-andatthatmoment,IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoing

tobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn'tbeexperiencingagainformonths.

DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthat

Brown5sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantatthe

SarasotaRitzCarlton,where-luckilyforme-Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.

Withoutevenseeingthemenu,IknewI'dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.

24.Whatdidtheauthor由inkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?

A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.

25.Whatmadetheauthor'sgettinguplateearlyworthwhile?

A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.

C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmer^market.

26.WhatcanwelearnabouttomatoessoldinNewYorkinwinter?

A.Theyaresoft.B.Theylooknice.C.Theytastegreat.D.Theyarejuicy.

27.Whatwastheauthorgoingtothatevening?

A.Gotoafarm.B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.D.Buyfresh

vegetables.

3.（2015年新課標II卷A）

Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.Iwasabletobuyitalittleovera

yearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthat

wouldn,tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,

whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.The

setworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoff

forthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldnever

havegottentobed.

ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic（靜電）noise.Forsome

reason,whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial,aloudnoisewouldsoundforafew

seconds.Gradually,thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow,andtogetridofit,Ihadtochange

toanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork,andIhad

topickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarm

muscles（肌肉）shakingmyset.

Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,1wouldsithelplesslyandwaitfor

thenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworking

altogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesetisworkingwellnow,butIkeep

expectingmoretrouble.

21.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?

A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B.Hecouldn'treturnitwhenitwasbroken.

C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.

22.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff'inParagraph1?

A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannels

C.changedtocommercialsD.showedall-nightmovies

23.HowdidtheauthorfinallygethisTVsetworkingagain?

A.Byshakingandhittingit.B.Byturningitonandoff.

C.Byswitchingchannels.D.Byhavingitrepaired.

24.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?

A.CuriousB.AnxiousC.CautiousD.Humorous

4.（2015年新課標II卷B）

Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhome

couldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyour

environmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopart

ofdietplan.

Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourage

overeating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious（難為情）whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces-and

somorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelamps

andfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewho

atemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warm

colorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.

Sowhenit'stimetorepaint,goblue.

Don,tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewer

calories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthe

time,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes,Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdownto

eat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorush

throughameal.

Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22

percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoon

overasmallerone,totalintake（攝入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe'11pourabout30percentmore

liquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.

25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout.

A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshape

C.housebuyingD.healthydiets

26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.

A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintake

C.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites

27.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic,C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthe

lights.

28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetest?

A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinner

C.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

5.（2015年新課標II卷D）

ChooseYourOne-DayTours

TourA-Bath&StonehengeincludingentrancefeestotheancientRomanbathroomsand

Stonehenge-￡until26Marchand￡39thereafter.

Visitthecitywithover2,000yearsofhistoryandBathAbbey,theRoyalCrescentandtheCostute

Mtsan.Stonehengeisoneoftheworld'smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingbackover

5,000years.

TourB-Oxford&StratfordincludingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary'sChurchTowerand

AnneHathaway'shouse-32until12Marchand36thereafter.

Oxford:IncludesaguidedofEngland*soldestuniversitycityandcolleges.Lookoverthe”city

ofdreamingspires（尖頂）“formStMary,sChurchTower.Stratford:Includesaguidedtour

exploringmuchoftheShakespearewonder.

TourC—WindsorCastle&HamptonCourtincludingentrancefeestoHamptonCourtPalace—￡34

untilMarchand￡37thereafter.

IncludesaguidedtourofWindsorandHamptonCourt,HenryMill'sfavoritepalace.Freetimeto

visitWindsorCastle（entrancefeesnotincluded.With500yearsofhistory,HamptonCourtwas

oncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen.Nowthisformerroyalpalaceisopentothepublicas

amajortouristattraction.Visitthepalaceanditsvarioushistoricgardens,whichincludethe

famousmaze（迷宮）whereitiseasytogetlost!

TourD-CambridgeincludingentrancefeestotheTowerofSaintMarytheGreat-￡33until18

Marchand￡37thereafter.

IncludesaguidedtourofCambridge,thefamousuniversitytown,andthegardensofthe18th

century.

33.WhichtourwillyouchooseifyouwanttoseeEngland'soldestuniversitycity?

A.TourAB.TourBC.TourCD.TourD

34.Whichofthefollowingtourschargesthelowestfeeon17March?

A.WindsorCastle&HamptonCourt.B.Oxford&Stratford

C.Bath&Stonehenge.D.Cambridge.

35.WhyisHamptonCourtamajortouristattraction?

A.Itusedtobethehomeofroyalfamilies.B.Itusedtobeawell-knownmaze

C.ItistheoldestpalaceinBritainD.Itisaworld-famouscastle.

6.（2015年北京卷A）

TheBoyMadeIt!

OneSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearly

afternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.Unableto

seefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!He

didn'thavefood,water,aphone,orothersupplies.Hewasgettingcolderbytheminute.

Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic.Hethoughtaboutallthesurvival

showshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.

Hedecidedtostopskiing.Therewasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedput.

Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterformthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidn't,hisbody

temperaturewouldgetverylow,whichcouldquicklykillhim.Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuilta

snowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiled

branchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.

Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearby

streamsothathisbodywouldn'tlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecould

last,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddled（蜷縮）inhiscaveandslept.

Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldn'tfindanyone.Hefollowed

histracksandreturnedtothesnowcave,becausewithoutshelter,hecoulddiethatnight.On

Tuesday,Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteer

searcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthesnow,Nicholaswassaved.

NicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenfbrTV.Hehadoften

watchedGrylls'survivalshowManvs.Wild.That'swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife.

Ineachepisode（一期節(jié)目）ofManvs.Wild,Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhastofindhis

wayout.

WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholas5amazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashad

madeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.

56.WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?

A.Hegotlost.B.Hebrokehisskis.C.HehurthiseyesD.Hecaughtacold.

57.HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?

A.Hefoundashelter.B.Helightedsomebranches.

C.Hekeptonskiing.D.Hebuiltasnowcave.

58.OnTuesday,Nicholas.

A.returnedtohissheltersafelyB.wassavedbyasearcher

C.gotstuckinthesnowD.stayedwherehewas

59.NicholasleftGryIlsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe.

A.didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituationB.watchedGrylls'TVprogramregularly

C.createdsometipsforsurvivalD.wasveryhard-working

7.（2015年安徽卷A）

WelcometotheElectronicVillagetoexplorenewwaysoflanguageteachingandlearning.

ElectronicVillageProgram（Thursday,June18,2015）

Nearpod

?9:00amto10:00am

?Room501

Neai-podisasoftwareprogramthatcreatesarichcontext（語境）forstudentstolearnvocabulary.

Thepresenterwillshowhowtouseit.TEO

?2:00pmto3:00pm

?Room502

Ourstudentscomefromdifferentbackgroundsbuthavethesamedesiretoleamon-line.The

presenterwilluseexamplesfromhisfirston-lineclasstoexplainhowanyteachercanbegin

teachingon-linewithTEO.

Kahoot

?10:30amto11:30am

?Room601

Kahootsoftwarecanbeusedtocreategrammartestswhichcanbegradedonanetwork.Itcan

providestudentswithinstantfeedback（反饋），includingreportsabouttheirstrengthsand

weaknesses.Prezi

?3:30pmto4:20pm

?Room602

UsesofPreziinlisteningandspeakingcoursesdrawstudents'attentiontospeakingmorefluently.

ThepresenterwillshowhowstudentscanusePrezitoconfidentlypresentonavarietyoftopics,

includingintroducingfamily,friends,andhobbies.

56.Neaipodcanbeusedto.

A.offergrammartestsB.teachlisteningon-line

C.helpvocabularylearningD.gainfluencyinspeaking

57.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourspeakingskills,youcangoto.

A.Room501B.Room502C.Room601D.Room602

58.Whichofthefollowingcanassessyourgrammarlearning?

A.Nearpod.B.Kahoot.C.TEO.D.Prezi.

59.Ateacherwhowantstolearnon-lineteachingisexpectedtoarriveby.

A.9:00amB.10:30amC.2:00pmD.3:30pm

8.（2015福建，D）

Lifecanbesowonderful,fullofadventureandjoy.Itcanalsobefullofchallenges,setbacks

andheartbreaks.Whateverourcircumstances,wegenerallystillhavedreams,hopesand

desires—thatlittlesomethingmorewewantforourselvesandourlovedones.Yetknowingwe

canhavemorecanalsocreateaproblem,becausewhenwegotochangethewaywedothings,up

cometheoldpatternsandpitfallsthatstoppedusfromseekingwhatwewantedinthefirstplace.

Thistensionbetweenwhatwefeelwecanhaveand“whatwereseeminglyabletohaveisthe

nigglingsuffering,theanxietywefeel.Thisiswhereweusuallythinkit'seasiertojustgiveup.

Butwe'renevermeanttoletgoofthepartofusthatknowswecanhavemore.Theintelligence

behindthatknowingisus-therealus.It'sthepartthatbelievesinlifeanditspossibilities.Ifyou

dropthat,youbegintofeelalittlendeadninsidebecauseyou'redropping"you”.

So,ifwehavethiscapabilitybutsomehowlifeseemstokeepusstuck,howdowebreak

thesepatterns?

Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.Thisisgoodadviceforanewadventure

orjustgettingthroughtoday*schallenges.

While,deepdown,weknowwecandoit,ourmind-orthemindsofthosecloseto

us一usuallysayswecan't.Thatisn*tareasontostop,it'sjustthemind,thatlittlemanorwoman

onyourshoulder,tryingtotalkyououtofsomethingagain.Ithasdoneitmanytimesbefore.It's

allaboutstartingsimpleanddoingitnow.

Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittle,orlarge,release

fromthejailofyourmindandyou'llbeonyourway.

68.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatweshould.

A.slowdownandliveasimplelifeB.becarefulwhenwechoosetochange

C.sticktoourdreamsunderanycircumstancesD.becontentwithwhatwealreadyhave

69.Whatisthekeytobreakingtheoldpatterns?

A.Tofbcusoneverydetail.B.Todecideandtakeimmediateaction.

C.Tolistentothoseclosetous.D.Tothinktwicebeforeweact.

70.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?

A.Escapefromyourpunishment.B.Realizationofyourdreams.

C.Freedomfromyourtension.D.Reductionofyourexpectations.

71.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.It'seasierthanwethinktogetwhatwewant.

B.It'simportanttolearntoacceptsufferingsinlife.

C.It'simpracticaltochangeourwayofthinking.

D.It'sharderthanweexpecttofollowanewcourse.

9.（2015年安徽卷C）

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeople

rememberless?Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourown

personalmemory,yourbrain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwe

rememberandhow.

Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.Sheandher

researchteamwantedtoknowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperiment,theygave

people40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthe

computerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnot

saveit.Later,thesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknew

theycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.

Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersgavepeoplefactstoremember,andtoldthemwhereto

findtheinformationontheInternet.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder（文件夾）.

Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberthefolderlocation（位置）betterthanthefacts.Whenpeople

usetheInternet,theydonotremembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.This

iscalled"transactivememory（交互記憶）

AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultofthe

Internet.Instead,computerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatis,peopleare

learninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalater

date.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthat

thewayweusememoryischanging.

64.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto.

A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor'saltitude

C.describehowtousetheInterne.D.explainhowtostoreinformation

65.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?

A.Sparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.

B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.

C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheformation.

D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.

66.Intransactivememory,people.

A.keeptheinformationinmindB.changethequantityofinformation

C.organizeinformationlikeacomputerD.rememberhowtofindtheinformation

67.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?

A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.

C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

10.（2015年安徽卷E）

Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorother

foodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecific

meaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoods

weeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayeven

differbetweenrural（農(nóng)村的）andurbanareaswithinonecountry.

Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasion（時亥U）oratthefamilydinnertable,isa

commonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakes

thatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothis

traditionhitsitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.

FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnited

States,piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity（興旺）intheNewYear.In

Greece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies

（預示）successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.

Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfoodcanplaya

significantrole.InChina,whenababyisonemonthold,familiesnameandwelcometheirchildin

acelebrationthatincludesgivingred-coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuch

asgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.

Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartof

differentculturesaroundtheworld.

72.Accordingtothepassage,sharingbread.

A.indicatesalackoffoodB.canhelptodevelopunity

C.isacustomuniquetoruralareasD.hasitsrootsinbirthdaycelebrations

73.WhatdoesthecoininvasilopitasignifyforitsreceiverintheNewYear?

A.Trust.B.Success.C.Health.D.Togetherness.

74.Theauthorexplainstheroleoffoodincelebrationsby.

A.usingexamplesB.makingcomparisons

C.analyzingcausesD.describingprocesses

75.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thecustomofsharingfood.B.Thespecificmeaningoffood.

C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.