時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構成語態(tài)過去現在一般現在時do/does過去時did將來時shall/willdo,beto,begoingto,beaboutto完成時haddone進行時am/is/aredoing完成時has/havedone一般現在時am/is/are+過去分詞進行時was/weredoing將來時should/woulddo一般過去時was/were+過去分詞一般將來時will/shall+過去分詞現在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)can/may/must…+be+過去分詞主動與被動的轉換第一部分時態(tài)11.一般現在時（動詞用原形或第三人稱單數）注意：常于一般現在時連用的時間狀語有：OftenusuallyalwayssometimesneverseldomeverydayOnceaweekonweekendshashasdoesn’trainstopsfinish

travels

will

go

don’t

have

2.一般過去時（動詞用過去式）1.用法1）表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和表示過去的時間狀語yesterday,justnow,theotherday,in1982,ago,anhourago,longlongago,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),attheageof5,oneday,onceuponatime，inthepast等連用。例如：Wheredidyougojustnow?Afterafewyears,shestartedtoplaythepiano.2）表示在過去，經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。例如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.

我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。

1.It’salongtimesincewe_____last.A.meetB.metC.willmetD.havemet2.---HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?---Yes,I______therelastspring.A.goB.havegoneC.willgoD.went3.He_____somecookingatthattime,so_____me.did,heardB.did,didn’thearC.wasdoing,heardD.wasdoing,didn’thear4.Hesaidhe__todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.triedB.triesC.wastryingD.willtry5.Lily____(fall)offherbikeand______(hurt)

herselflastMondayafternoon.BDDcfellhurt1.用法：1)表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuture等連用。

例如：I'llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.2）表示說話人對于將來的看法、假設和推測，通常用于beafraid,be/feelsure,hope,know,think等后面的從句或與副詞perhaps,possibly,maybe等連用。例如：Ithinkshe’llgobackhomeforsupper.Maybeshe’llgotothegym.3）beaboutto+動詞原形，意為馬上做某事。不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用，多于when引導的時間狀語連用。例如：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.

3.一般將來時（shall/willdo../begoingtodo…/beabouttodo….）注意：begoingto和will之間的區(qū)別1.計劃/臨時：兩者都表示意圖時，begoingto含有預先計劃、準備的意思；will則指未經過預先思考或計劃，是臨時的一種決定?！猈hatareyougoingtodonextSunday?—I'mgoingtogofishing.—Whereisthetelephonebook?—I'llgoandgetitforyou.2.兩者都用于預測時，begoingto意指有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，屬客觀的推測；will則意指說話人認為/相信某件事將要發(fā)生，屬主觀的推測。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.注意：therebe的將來時_____________________There_______________________twomeetingstomorrow.注意：therebe句型不能have同時出現。therewillbe/thereisgoingtobe....willbe/isgoingtobe1.There________(be)anEnglishfilmonTVtonight.2.He_________(notgo)homeuntilhefinisheshishomework.3.What____you____(do)nextSunday?4.I________(be)freetomorrowmorning.5.Thereisgoingto_____ameetingnextweek.A.beB.haveC.isD.has6.---Idon’tknowifit___tomorrow.---Ifit________,we’llstayathome.A.willrain;rainsB.rains;rainsC.willrain;willrainD.rains;willrain

willbewon’tgowilldoWillbeAA4.現在進行時（am/is/are+doing..）1）表示現在（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。常與now,rightnow,atthismoment,atthistime,等時間狀語連用。注：如果句首有警示性動詞look、listen等，主句的動詞也與現在進行時連用。例如：Wearewaitingforyounow.

Listen!Thebirdissinginginthetree.2）表示現階段一直在進行的活動,說話時動作未必正在進行。thesedays例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.

Heisworkinginafactorythesedays.

3）.表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always,等詞連用，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.

bealwaysdoingsth1.Look!Somechildren___________(play)footballontheplayground.2.Listen!Someone___________(play)thepianointheroom.3.ThestudentsofClassTwo__________(work)onthefarmnow.4.Bequiet!Yourfather____________(sleep).5.Don’tgoout!It__________(rain)hardoutside.6.Whereisyourfather?areplayingisplayingareworkingissleepingisraining5.過去進行時（was/were+doing..）1.用法：表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。2.標志詞：atthistimeyesterday，at7:00yesterday，lastnight,fromseventonine,atthattime以when或while引導的時間狀語從句等。MyfamilywerewatchingTVatthattimeyesterday.WhenIarrived,Tomwastalkingonthephone.Whatwereyoudoingat9:00o’clockyesterdaymorning.注意：（1）以when引導的時間狀語從句中，從句動作，主句用過去進行時，表示一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作正在進行。

Whenhecalledme,Iwashavingdinner.

（2）以while引導的時間狀語從句中，從句與主句的動作在過去某一時刻同時進行，while常譯為“當……的時候，同時”。

TomwasdoinghishomeworkwhilehissisterwaswatchingTV.1.Shekepttheradiowhenshe____________(do)homework2.—Shewasreadingnewspapers.—What______you________(do)?3.LaoWangtoldthepolicemanthathe_____________(listen)totheradioatthattime.4.

I______(use)tobeateacherbutnow______(be)amanager.5.Lastnightmyfather___________(read)abookwhilemymother_______________(sew).wereamusedwaslisteningdoingwasreadingwassewing6.現在完成時（have/has+done）1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現在造成的影響標志詞：①never/ever②already/yet③before/just/次數④sofar/untilnow/uptonow到目前為止⑤inthelast/pastfewyears/overtheseyears⑥recently/lately最近不久前Shehasneverreadthisnovel.Someonehasalreadyturnedoffthelight.Ihaveseenthemoviebefore.Wehavelearned5000EnglishwordssofarHehaswritten5novelsinthepast10years.Ihavemethimmanytimes.2）表示過去動作一直延續(xù)到現在，并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.習題:標志詞：since+過去的時間點或句子/for+短時間/howlongEg.Ihavelivedhere[for3years].Ihavelivedhere[since3yearsago].Ihavelivedhere[sinceIcametothiscity].Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Ihavehadthisbookfor2years.Ihavekeptthisbookfor2years.Theyhavebeenmarriedfor2years.Thismoviehasbeenonfor10minutes.He_______________(die)forfouryears.hasbeendeadhavegoneto

去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人還未回來havebeento

曾經去過,人已經回來了與“次數”，ever,never連用

havebeenin

已經在某地,常與一段時間連用

e.g.ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.她以前曾去過上海。-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothelibrarytoborrowsomebooks.ShehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.她在上海10年了。havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin三者區(qū)別1._________youever____(eat)Beijingduck?2.Iwon’tgotothecinemathisSundaybecauseI_____________(see)italready.3.Where’sJim?He_________(go)toEngland.4.Myfather_________(be)toBeijingmanytimes.5.Mr.Green__________(work)heresince1989.6.We___________(know)eachotherforayear.