專題九被動(dòng)語態(tài)

動(dòng)詞語態(tài)分為兩大類：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主

語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)

行者由by連接的短語表示，常譯為''被、由"。

對(duì)于英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，我們可以以下五個(gè)方面來掌握。

一、主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示句子的主語是

謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο?。如：Computersarewidelyused

inourworkanddailylife.電腦在我們的工作和日常生活中廣泛

應(yīng)用。（computers就是use的對(duì)象或承受者）

二、表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式（1）基本形式：主語+be+vt.的

過去分詞+（by+sb.）Thissongisoftensungbychildrenat

school.這首歌經(jīng)常在學(xué)校被孩子們唱。

常見被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài):

①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+vt.的過去分詞；

②一般過去時(shí)：was/were+vt.的過去分詞；

③一般將來時(shí)：will/shall/begoingto+be+vt.的過去分詞;

④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+vt.的過去分詞；

⑤過去完成時(shí)：had+been+vt.的過去分詞;

⑥現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+vt.的過去分詞；

⑦過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+vt.的過去分詞

⑧過去將來時(shí)：would+be+vt.的過去分詞

注意：被動(dòng)語態(tài)不用于將來進(jìn)行時(shí)及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

-(2)其他形式：(選學(xué))

①主語+be+vt.的過去分詞+(by+.sb.)+賓語/介詞+

賓語

A.主語+be+vt.的過去分詞+(by+sb.)+賓語/to+賓語

Iwasshownhisgoldmedalthere.在那里他給我看了他的金牌。

Hisgoldmedalwasshowntome.他的金牌給我看了。能用于

這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,

send,show,teach,tell,throw,write等。

B.主語+be+vt.的過去分詞+(by+sb.)+賓語/for+賓語

Iwasboughtanewdictionary(bymyfather),我父親給我買了一本

新字典。Anewdictionarywasboughtforme(bymyfather),我

父親給我買了一本新字典。能用于這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有buy,

call,cook,do,get,make,save等。

②主語+be+vt.的過去分詞+(by+sb.)+主語的補(bǔ)足語

Jimwasmadechairmanatthemeeting.Jim在會(huì)上被推選為主席。

LiLeiwasseentobreaktheglassthismorning.李雷今天上午被人

看到打碎了那塊玻璃。能用于這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有feel,hear,

make,observe,see,watch等。特別注意的是，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，

不定式做賓語的補(bǔ)足語，不定式前面的小品詞to必須省略，而在被

動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式做主語的補(bǔ)足語，不定式的小品詞to必須補(bǔ)上。

③主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can/could/may/might/must/should/oughtto)

+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+(by+sb.)Watercanbeturnedinto

ice.水能轉(zhuǎn)變成冰。Youressayshouldberewrittenagain.你

的論文應(yīng)該還重新修改一遍。

④主語+be+短語動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+(by+sb.)Hiswords

shouldbepaidmuchattentionto.應(yīng)該多注意他的話。The

childreninChinaaretakengoodcareofnow,現(xiàn)在中國的孩子被照

料得很好。注意：動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。

⑤形式主語(It)+be+vt.的過去分詞+主語從句Itisreported

thatourteamhaswonthegameagain.據(jù)報(bào)道，我們隊(duì)又贏了比賽。

能用于這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有believe,expect,know,report,say,

suppose,think等。這一句型也可變?yōu)椋褐髡Z+be+vt.的過

去分詞+不定式短語TheMarsisbelievedtohavenolifeonit.

火星被確認(rèn)無生命跡象。Ourteamisreportedtohavewonthe

gameagain.據(jù)報(bào)道，我們隊(duì)又贏了比賽。

三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

被動(dòng)語態(tài)往往表示一種客觀的事實(shí)，有時(shí)語氣比較生硬，沒有商量的

余地，從而令人難以接受，因此，切不可隨便使用。在能用主動(dòng)語態(tài)

表示時(shí)，盡量使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，只有在下面的情況中才使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

①說不出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；如：The

classroomhadbeencleanedwhenIgotthere.

當(dāng)我到達(dá)教室的時(shí)候，教室已經(jīng)被人打掃過了。

(教室究竟是誰打掃的，說話者并不知道)

②為了突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο?；如：Homeworkmustbe

finishedbeforeschoolisover.

作業(yè)必須在放學(xué)之前做完。（強(qiáng)調(diào)Homework）

③為了修辭的需要，使句子間的聯(lián)系更緊密。如：Ihaveanew

motorbike.Itwasgiventomebymyfatheryesterdayasmy

birthdaypresent.我有一臺(tái)新摩托車。它是昨天我父親買給我作為生

日禮物的。（顯然，止指代thenewbike就與上文的anewmotorbike

緊密相連）

四、不能使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況

（1）不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式。特別要注意漢語中帶名詞或代詞

做賓語的動(dòng)詞,如belong,die,happen,occur,takeplace等不及

物動(dòng)詞。如：Aterribletrafficaccidenthappenedontheroad

yesterday.（昨天在公路上發(fā)生了一起可怕的交通事故。）就不能改寫

為：Aterribletrafficaccidentishappenedontheroadyesterday.

（2）一些靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞也不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如agreewith,fit,

have,hold,own,suit等。如：Idon'tagreewithJack.（我不

同意Jack的觀點(diǎn)。）就不能改寫為：Jackisn'tagreedwith.

五、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義如：Thepenwriteswell.這支筆很好寫。

Thefoodtastesgood.這些食物嘗起來味道很好。

Hishouseiscomfortabletolivein.他的房子住起來很舒服。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2x50)計(jì)分：

1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?

A.Did;buildB.Was;builtC.

Is;built

2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.

A.washappenedB.hashappened

C.happened

3.---Thiskindofricetastesnice.Doyouknowwhereitisgrown?

---Yes,itinSoutheastChina.

A.wasgrewB.isgrownC.

isgrowing

4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.hasbeenvisitedC.

wasvisited

5.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.

willbegiven

6.Alotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.

willbedone

7.Thedoctorforyet.

A.isn'tsentB.wasn'tsentC.

hasn'tbeensent

8.一Whenthiskindofcomputer?

-Lastyear.

A.was;madeB.did;make

C.are;made

9.Whothisbook?

A.did;writeB.was;writtenbyC.

is;written

10.Maryshowmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.

isasked

ll.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldtousB.wastoldusC.

istoldus

12.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.

A.jumpedB.jumpsC.

tojump

13.Olderpeoplewell.

A.mustbelookedafterB.looksafterC.

mustlookafter

14.Ourteachercarefully.

A.shouldbelistenedB.shouldbelistenedtoC.

arelistened

15.Insomepartoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.

A.isservedB.servesC.

served

16.—Didyouwinthebasketballgame?

-Badluck.Ourteaminthefinalone.

A.wonB.waswonC.

wasbeaten

17.Doyouthinkthatthebridgeinayear?

A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.

iscompleted

18.GreatchangesinChinasince1949.

A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.

tookplace

19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?

-Shehasbyherclassmates.

A.laughedB.beenlaughedC.

beenlaughedat

20.Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.

areneeded

21.ThispaintingtoamuseuminNewYorkin1977.

A.sellsB.sold

C.wassold

22.Thetelevision.Itdoesn'tworknow.

A.mustrepairB.mustberepaired

C.hasrepaired

23.—Doyouthinkthattheclassroomeveryday?

―Yes,Ithinkso.

A.shouldcleanB.shouldbecleaning

C.shouldbecleaned

24.1believethatthosemountainswithtreesinafew

years'time.

A.arecoveredB.willbecovered

C.willcover

25.Itissaidthatabout400carsinthefactorynextmonth.

A.willproduceB.areproduced

C.willbeproduced

26.1wasn'tathomeyesterday.Itohelpwiththeharvest

onthefarm.

A.wasaskedB.wasasking

C.asked

27.---Areyoufreethisafternoon?

---No.IllhaveanEnglishcompositionthisafternoon.

A.towriteB.wrote

C.tobewritten

28.一Wherearetheboys?

-Oh,theybasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.

A.wereseenplayB.wereseentoplayC.

hadseenplay

29.—CanyousingthisEnglishsong?

-OfcourseIcan.Itoftenbychildren.

A.is;sangB.was;sang

C.is;sung

30.—WhatdidMissZhangsaytoyoujustnow?

一Shesaidthatallthebooksshouldtothelibraryontime.

A.arereturnedB.returnC.

bereturned

31.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.

A.isnotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.

hasnotbeendecided

32.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.

learned

33.AfootballmatchinourschoolnextMonday.

A.willholdB.willbeheldC.

isgoingtohold

34.--What'shappenedtoJoe?

--toahospital.

A.He'stakenB.He'sbeentakenC.Hell

betaken

35.iDidyougotothepartyyesterday?

--No,I.

A.wasn'tinvitedB.wasinvitedC.

didn'tinvite

36.Todaytheforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemustdown

toomanytrees.

A.stopfromcuttingB.stoptocutC.

bestoppedfromcutting

37.Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.

A.stealB.tostealC.to

bestolen

38.OneoftheclubactivtiesbyMrSmith.

A.isholdingB.areheldC.is

held

39.Thiskindofmedicineinadryandcoolplace.

A.mustkeepB.keptC.

mustbekept

40.Thedoganhourago.

A.diedB.hasdied

C.hasbeendead

41.一Mary,youonthephone.

一Thankyou,Mom.

A.arewantedB.willbewantedC.

havewanted

42.Thisbookwellintheshop.

A.sellsB.issellingC.

issold

43.Thewindowsafterschoolisover.

A.usuallyclosedB.areusuallyclose