RelativeClause3.復(fù)雜句（簡稱復(fù)句）ComplexSentence一個句子中有其他句子在該句中充當(dāng)成分，則整個句子為復(fù)雜句，即句子中有句子Whathesaidisnottrue.Thestudentswouldhavemadebettergradesiftheyhadstudiedhard.語法系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建1.簡單句SimpleSentence指只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子Thestudentshavemadebettergradesinthepastfewyears.英語中有四種句子2.并列句CompoundSentence指兩個及兩個以上簡單句由并列連詞and,or,but，so等并列連詞構(gòu)成的句子Thestudentsstudiedhardandtheymadebettergrades.4.并列復(fù)雜句Compound-complexSentence并列句+復(fù)雜句Theywatchedtelevisionandenjoyedthemselves,butwecouldn’tseetheprogrambecauseourtelevisionwasbroken.

目錄CONTENTS1234什么是定語從句/關(guān)系從句/形容詞從句關(guān)系從句的分類關(guān)系從句的書寫重難點WhatWhatHowDifficultandkeypoints復(fù)雜句（簡稱復(fù)句）ComplexSentence一個句子中有其他句子在該句中充當(dāng)成分，則整個句子為復(fù)雜句，即句子中有句子如果將一個句子改造成名詞、形容詞或副詞類，放到另一句中使用，就稱為從屬從句，另一句則為主要從句Relativeclause有關(guān)系的從句主句和從句是相對的概念；主句就是一個復(fù)雜句中主要的部分；從句就是從屬于主句的部分，也就是次要的部分復(fù)雜句=主句+從句一個從句在整個句子中充當(dāng)名詞，則該從句為名詞從句一個從句在整個句子中充當(dāng)形容詞，則該從句為形容詞從句，也就是關(guān)系從句一個從句在整個句子中充當(dāng)副詞，則該從句為副詞從句，也就是狀語從句一.WhatisrelativeclauseDrill判斷一下哪些句子中有形容詞從句(定語從句/關(guān)系從句)We’llbuildapowerstationwherewaterresourcesareplentiful.Asitisraining,youhavetotakeataxi.AnybodycanexplainthiswhoknowsEnglishgrammar.Helisteningattentivelysothathemightnotmissasingleword.Myuncleisamanwhobelievesindiscipline(守紀(jì)).Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Johnisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Whetherhewilljoinuswon’tmaketoomuchdifference.Iknowthatyouareright.名詞從句名詞從句副詞從句/狀語從句副詞從句/狀語從句形容詞從句/關(guān)系從句？副詞從句/狀語從句？形容詞從句/關(guān)系從句形容詞從句/關(guān)系從句形容詞從句/關(guān)系從句形容詞從句/關(guān)系從句一.WhatisrelativeclauseRelativeclause有關(guān)系的從句Functions補(bǔ)充解釋說明指示指代揭露某種關(guān)系？二.Howtoclassify(分類)relativeclause分類需要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Definition：關(guān)系從句是由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句叫關(guān)系從句關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,whose,that,as①關(guān)系代詞②關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系副詞間有什么區(qū)別？關(guān)系代詞間又還有什么區(qū)別？三.Howtowritearelativeclause書寫關(guān)系從句的三個步驟：兩個句子要有overlap把交叉點改寫為關(guān)系詞的拼法(wh-)，放置句首讓它產(chǎn)生連接詞的功能將關(guān)系從句附于主要從句的交叉點后來修飾它(當(dāng)形容詞使用)Themanismyuncle.Hewasherejustnow.overlap代名詞關(guān)系代名詞he(she,they)Whohim(her,them)Whomit(they)Whichhis(her,their,its)whosewhoThemanwhowasherejustnow

ismyuncle.有關(guān)關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系從句書寫Drill將下列句子改寫為關(guān)系從句Thismanismyuncle.Yousawhimjustnow.Thebuswasthelastonetoday.Thebushasjustleft.Theroomismine.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.BeijingisalsoaplaceBeijingwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.InancientChinalivedanartistTheartist’spaintingswerealmostlifelike.Theman(whomyousawjustnow)ismyuncleThebus(whichhasjustleft)wasthelastonetoday.(Theroom’swindowfacessouth.)Theroom(whosewindowfacessouth)ismine.Beijingisalsoaplace(whichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife).InancientChinalivedanartist(whosepaintingswerealmostlifelike).三.Howtowritearelativeclause關(guān)系代詞間的區(qū)別+兩種特殊的關(guān)系代詞who,whom,which,whose+that,asWho——指人替代從句中的主語或主語Whom——指人替代從句中的賓語Whose——指人和物所有格，xxx的，=xxx’swhich——指物替代主語或賓語that——指人和物常與who或which互換，注意點較多as常見于詞組和開頭AnybodycanexplainthiswhoknowsEnglish.Ihavethreesisters,allofwhomaredoctors.將下列復(fù)雜句拆分為兩個簡單句Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor,whose

viewsarewidelyrespected.詳細(xì)見難點Asyoucansee,……Assomebodysaid,……suchasthesameas三.Howtowritearelativeclause書寫關(guān)系從句的三個步驟：兩個句子要有overlap把交叉點改寫為關(guān)系詞的拼法(wh-)，放置句首讓它產(chǎn)生連接詞的功能將關(guān)系從句附于主要從句的交叉點后來修飾它(當(dāng)形容詞使用)Iwillneverforgetthetime.WevisitedXi’anthen.overlapwhenIwillneverforgetthetimewhenwevisitedXi’an.副詞關(guān)系副詞thenwhentherewhereforareasonwhy請思考另一種改法！Iwillneverforgetthetime.WevisitedXi’anat

thattime.whichIwillneverforgetthetimeatwhichwevisitedXi’an.有關(guān)關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)系從句書寫將下列句子改寫為關(guān)系從句(兩種改法)HewasborninJune.HisfatherdiedinJune.HewasborninJune(inwhich/whenhisfatherdied).Iwentbacktothetown.Myfatherwasbornthere.Iwentbacktothetown(wheremyfatherwasborn).Ihaveforgottenthereason.Icalledyouforareason.Ihaveforgottenthereason(whyIcalledyou).We’llbuildapowerstationWaterresourcesareplentifulthere.We’llbuildapowerstation(wherewaterresourcesareplentiful).Chinafirsthadtoputasatellite(衛(wèi)星)inorbitabovethemooninaspot.Itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraft(太空船)andtoEarth.ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Drilland可以嗎?三.Howtowritearelativeclause關(guān)系副詞的延伸Wehavereacheda

point_______

achangeisneededThereare

somecases

_______

theword

“mighty”

isusedas

anadverb.Hegotintoa

situation

_______

itishardtodecide

whatisrightandwrong.Shewantsa

job

_______

hermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.Thisisnotan

occasion

forlaughter,

_______

youmust

takethingsseriously.

副詞關(guān)系副詞thenwhentherewhereforareasonwhy補(bǔ)充：先行詞為case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，occasion等表示情況、方面、處境等抽象地點名詞時，關(guān)系副詞用wherewherewherewherewherewhere難點一，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇四.KeyanddifficultpointsReview語法回顧英語五種基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)主+動主+動+賓主+動+補(bǔ)(主+系+表)主+動+賓+補(bǔ)主+動+賓+賓關(guān)系從句中，除去關(guān)系詞，剩下部分缺少以上句式結(jié)構(gòu)成分，那么可以說這不是一個完整的句子。在關(guān)系從句中，往往是主語或者賓語(少數(shù)情況是補(bǔ)語)缺少，這種情況下則需要關(guān)系代詞；若不缺少成為則需要關(guān)系副詞句子中有關(guān)系從句關(guān)系從句是否為完整的句子輸出關(guān)系代詞輸出關(guān)系副詞否是whowhomthatwhichthatwhoseas人，物，所有格whywherewhen原因，地點，時間關(guān)鍵在于關(guān)系從句中是否為完整的句子。若不是，則用關(guān)系代詞；若是，則用關(guān)系副詞什么是完整的句子？難點二，that和which的選擇四.KeyanddifficultpointsWhatarethefunctionsofrelativeclauses?Manisananimalthatiscapableofreason.Manisananimalwhichiscapableofreason.人類是一個動物，這種動物具有理性思考的能力。人類是具有理性思考能力的動物人類是一個動物。怎么樣的動物呢？噢！是一個有理性思考能力的動物。Whichoneisbetter?主句中的先行詞ananimal本來可以代表任何一種動物，范圍極大。后面加上一個條件：theanimaliscapableofreason(有理性能力的那種)，明確指出哪種動物才能算人，具有指示的功能。所以關(guān)系詞可以選擇不用which而借用that。Arelativeclauseisaclausethatisguidedbyarelativeword.that與which毫無二致嗎？whichthatFunctions補(bǔ)充解釋說明指示指代that原意就是“那個”的意思，所以that偏向“指示功能”也是很好理解的Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou.All_____Iwantispeaceandquiet.Heisthecleverestman_____evertaughtinourschool.Newtonwasoneofthegreatestmen_____everlived.Anyboy_____wantstosucceedmustworkhard.AskMr.green,oranyotherperson_____islikelytoknow.Hetalkedaboutthemanandthebooks_____interestedhim.Heisnottheman_____heusedtobe.四.Keyanddifficultpoints只用that不用which的情況難點二，that和which的選擇1.有不定代詞(something,anything,all…)2.有最高級3.有only,all,any,very等限定詞4.先行詞為人和物5.先行詞作表語thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat四.Keyanddifficultpoints難點二，that和which的選擇主要區(qū)別在于，前者不能用逗號隔開，后者可以用逗號隔開。實質(zhì)上區(qū)別在于先行詞與關(guān)系從句間的松散關(guān)系的程度。先行詞與限制性關(guān)系從句間的關(guān)系較為緊密，先行詞與非限制性關(guān)系從句間的關(guān)系較為松散。非限制性關(guān)系從句關(guān)系松散往往用逗號來停頓，為“補(bǔ)充解釋說明”做準(zhǔn)備which,

who……Definition:Arelativeclauseisaclausethatisguidedbyarelativeword.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句Review語法回顧為什么總說逗號后不能用that，往往用which；或者說非限制性關(guān)系從句有逗號？Anotherclassification:限制性關(guān)系從句非限制性關(guān)系從句請大家在思考一下，用that引導(dǎo)和用which引導(dǎo)相比，哪一個關(guān)系代詞更能夠體現(xiàn)先行詞與關(guān)系從句間緊密聯(lián)系呢？限制性關(guān)系從句that的指示功能更能夠體現(xiàn)“關(guān)系緊密”that關(guān)系緊密四.Keyanddifficultpoints關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語或補(bǔ)語時，可以省略關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句中，在非正式語體下，通常省略when和why難點三，關(guān)系詞的省略TomisnottheboyIgavetheticketsto.ThestrangerIspokeofcameagain.Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.Thenight(when)theearthdidn’tsleepIshallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.Thereason(why)hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.Theway_____youanswe