2018年全國英語競賽《B類英語專業(yè)》初賽試題及答案

［單選題］1.There'sagoodantiquesmarket)here

Sundays.

A.over

B.by

C.in

D.on

參考答案：D

參考解析：句意：每到星期日，這里就會有很好的古玩市場。表示“在周

幾”，即星期前用介詞。n。故正確答案為D。

［單選題］2.Ican'twithracialprejudiceofanyform.

A.puton

B.putup

C.putdown

D.putin

參考答案：B

參考解析：句意：我受不了任何形式的種族歧視。putupwith屬于固定搭配，

意為“忍受；容忍”，符合句意。puton穿上；增加。putdown放下；貶低。

putin提出；提交。故正確答案為B。

［單選題］3.Thethievesthepapersallovertheroomwhilethey

weresearchingforthediamondring.

A.spread

B.scratched

C.scattered

D.burned

參考答案：C

參考解析：句意：小偷們尋找鉆戒的時候，把文件扔得滿地都是。spread傳

播；伸展。scratched受抓損的；有刮痕。scattered分散的；散亂的。burned

焦頭爛額；遍體鱗傷。由于scattered最為符合句意，故正確答案為C。

［單選題］4.Itisfromtheearliesttimeshumanshavestudiedthe

worldaroundthemwithinterest.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.how

參考答案：C

參考解析：句意：從最早的時代開始，人類就帶著興趣研究世界了。本題考查

強調(diào)句式Itis(was)+被強調(diào)的部分+that(who)+原句其他部分。故正確答案

為Co

［單選題］5.Withoutadoubt,thekeyissueinthePresidentJs

campaign.

A.taxationisgoingtobe

B.isgoingtaxationtobe

C.isgoingtobetaxation

D.istaxationgoingtobe

參考答案：A

參考解析：句意:毫無疑問，稅收將是總統(tǒng)競選的關(guān)鍵問題。withoutadoubt

在句子中做狀語，keyissue為表語，句子缺主語和謂語。故正確答案為A。

［單選題］6.ThespellingsofmanyoldEnglishwordshavebeenin

thelivinglanguage,althoughtheirpronunciationshavechanged.

A.exdivacted

B.preserved

C.revised

D.improved

參考答案：B

參考解析：句意：許多古英語單詞的拼寫被保留在現(xiàn)存語言中，盡管它們的發(fā)

音已經(jīng)改變。extracted萃取的；引出的。preserved保藏的；腌制的。

revised修改；校對。improved改進(jìn)；改良的。根據(jù)句意，preserved最為符

合。故正確答案為B。

［單選題］7.chooseto1iveinornearmedivopolitanareassimply

becausetheyliketherapidpaceofcitylife.

A.Largenumbersofpeople

B.Solargenumbersofpeopleto

C.Therearelargenumbersofpeople

D.Largenumbersofpeoplewho

參考答案：A

參考解析：句意：許多人選擇住在或臨近大城市，僅僅是因為他們喜歡城市的

快節(jié)奏生活。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，主句中有謂語choose,缺少主語，

故正確答案為A。

［單選題］8.Inscientificinquiry,itbecomesamatterofdutyto

exposeahypothesistoeverypossiblekindofexamination.

A.debadiv

B.well-established

C.tentative

D.logical

參考答案：C

參考解析：句意：在科學(xué)探究中，在所有可能的實驗中提出試探性假說是一種

責(zé)任。debatable成問題的；可爭議的。well-established得到確認(rèn)的；固定

下來的。tentative試驗性的；暫定的。logical合理的；條理分明的。根據(jù)題

意，tentative最為符合，故正確答案為C。

［單選題］9.TheresultsoftheexperimentsperformedbyElizabethand

Rachelwereinthattheynotonlychallengedoldassumptions

butcalledtheprevailingmethodologyintoquestion.

A.predicdiv

B.inconclusive

C.impractical

D.provocative

參考答案：D

參考解析：句意：伊麗莎白和雷切爾所做的實驗的結(jié)果是挑釁性的，因為他們

不僅挑戰(zhàn)了舊的假設(shè)，還對現(xiàn)行的方法提出了懷疑。predictable可預(yù)言的。

inconclusive不確定的；非決定性的。impractical不切實際的；不能實行

的。provocative刺激的；挑撥的。根據(jù)句意可知，provocative最為符合。故

正確答案為D。

［單選題］10.downthanthetelephonerang.

A.Notuntilhelay

B.Nosoonerhadhelain

C.Hardlyhehadlain

D.Scarcelydidhelie

參考答案：B

參考解析：句意:他剛躺卜，電話就響了。本題考查倒裝句。nosooner,not

only,(butalso),notuntil…等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用

部分倒裝。根據(jù)句意可知，nosooner,即“剛……就……”最為符合邏輯，故

正確答案為B。

［單選題］11.AccordingtothepsychoanalystSigmundFreud,wisdomcomes

fromtheofmaturity.

A.approach

B.achievement

C.appearance

D.production

參考答案：B

參考解析：句意：根據(jù)精神分析學(xué)家西格蒙德?弗洛伊德的說法，智慧來自于

變得成熟。approach方法；途徑。achievement成就；完成。appearance外

貌；外觀。production成果；產(chǎn)品。故正確答案為B。

［單選題］12.Well,tocontinue,,thereisalsoresearchthat

demonsdivatesthatindividualsperformworse,notbetter,ontasks

whenotherpeoplearethere.

A.asImentionedearlier

B.asisknowntoall

C.astimepassed

D.asyoucanimagine

參考答案：A

參考解析：句意：那么，我接著說，正如我之前提到的，也有研究表明，當(dāng)其

他人在做同一份工作時，他們的表現(xiàn)會更糟，而不是更好。根據(jù)句意可知，as

Imentionedearlier最為符合，故正確答案為A。

［單選題］13.—Hello.YoumustbeLen.I'mBill,Kate,shusband.

—Oh,hello,Bill.Nicetomeetyou.Thanksforinvitingme.

—You'rewelcome.KateandIthoughtitwasabouttimewehadaget-

togetherandmeteachotherJsworkcolleagues.Katetellsme.

一Yes.I'vebeenthereaboutforonlyamonth.KateJsbeenvery

helpful,showingmetheropes.

A.you'vesetupanewcompany

B.you'revisitingourcompany

C.you'vejustjoinedthecompany

D.you'rehavingagoodtimeinthecompany

參考答案：C

參考解析：句意:——你好，你就是Len吧。我是Bill,Kate的丈夫。——

哦，你好，Billo很高興見到你。謝謝你邀請了我。一一不客氣。Kate認(rèn)為現(xiàn)

在是時候聚在一起然后會見大家各自的同事了。Kate說你是公司新來的？-

是的，我才入職一個月。Kate很樂于助人，簡直是我的救命稻草。根據(jù)下文的

"I'vebeenthereaboutforonlyamonth.v可知，正確答案為C。

［單選題］14.—Whatseemstobetheproblem?

—Well,actually,it'smyson.He'shadafeversinceWednesdayand

he'sbeenthrowingup.He'spickedupabittodaybuthe'sstill

undertheweather.

—Mm.Hecouldhavethebugthat'sgoingaround.Pophimonthediv

andr11.

A.takehistemperature

B.givehimafewpills

C.calmhimdownabit

D.givehimacheckup

參考答案：D

參考解析：句意：一一有什么問題嗎?一一實際上，是我兒子生病了。他從星期

三開始發(fā)燒，一直嘔吐。他今天稍微好些了，但還是不舒服。一一他可能真的

有點病癥。把他放在桌子上，我去給他檢查一下。根據(jù)句意可知，醫(yī)生還不確

定是什么病癥，應(yīng)該先檢查以下，D選項最為符合邏輯。故正確答案為D。

［單選題］15.—OK.Here'rethedepartures.What?sourflightnumber

again?

—It'sMU909.TheboardingpasssaysitleavesfromGateB-12.

—Let'ssee,MU909,GateB-12.Thereitis.Oh,no!TheflightJs

beendelayed.Itwon'tleaveuntil9:19!And.

-Nine-nineteen!That'sthreehoursfromnow!Whatarewegoingto

dowiththethreehours?

A.weneedtocheckourbaggage

B.thegate'sbeenchangedtoC-9

C.Ican'tfindmyboardingpass

D.let'sgothroughthesecuritycheck

參考答案：B

參考解析：句意：一一好。這里就是出境口。再說一遍我們的航班是多少？一

一是MU909。登機(jī)牌說登機(jī)口是B-12?！铱纯矗琈U909,登機(jī)口B-12。就在

那。天吶！航班延誤了。要到9:19才起飛！而且登機(jī)口改到C-9了。一一

9:19!離現(xiàn)在還有3個小時！我們這三個小時要怎么打發(fā)？根據(jù)對話上下文可

知，B選項最為符合邏輯。故正確答案為B。

［問答題］1.SectionA(5marks)

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Remembertowritethe

answersontheanswersheet.

Accordingtoarecentsurveyofcooperateexecutives,over83

percentofsmall-to-mid-sizebusinessesintheUnitedStatesoverseas

expansionastheirtoppriority.Theprioritythatbusinesses

throughouttheworldplaceonglobalexpansionhighlightstheneed

forcross-culturalunderstandingatalllevels.Understandingother

culturesenablespeopletodemonsdivaterespect—thefoundationof

everygood,lastingrelationship.Plus,itcanhelpavoid

miscommunication,whichcanbebothfinanciallyandprofessionally

damagingtoindividualsandorganizations.

參考答案：根據(jù)最近一項對美國企業(yè)高管的調(diào)查可知，83%以上的美國中小

企業(yè)把向海外拓展列為首要任務(wù)。各國企業(yè)優(yōu)先重視海外拓展，突顯了對各個

層面跨文化理解的需求。理解其他文化能讓人們彰顯尊重的態(tài)度，而這正是建

立各種持久、良好關(guān)系的基石。止匕外，它可以有助避免誤解，而誤解有損個人

和公司的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和事業(yè)發(fā)展。

參考解析：本題考查的翻譯要點有：①cooperate在此處意為“公司”，

executives意為"高管"，即對"企業(yè)高管"的調(diào)查。②smal『to-mid-size

businesses不譯為“小公司和中型公司”，而是譯為“中小企業(yè)”更符合中文

習(xí)慣。③overseasexpansion和后面的globalexpansion同義，均指“向海外

發(fā)展業(yè)務(wù)”，可以同譯為“海外拓展”。④priority在句子中作名詞，意為

“優(yōu)先權(quán)”，翻譯時可以改為形容詞，修飾“發(fā)展”。⑤demonstrate

respect,即“展示尊重”，可以譯為“彰顯……的態(tài)度”。⑥最后一句的定語

從句，which指代前面的誤解，故翻譯從句時可以重復(fù)，使句子更容易翻譯。

［問答題］2.SectionB(10marks)

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoEnglishbyusingthehints

giveninbrackets.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.

77.當(dāng)你養(yǎng)了寵物，毫無疑問，你就得去照料一個完全依賴于你的生命。這

個生命將生死都交于你，僅憑這點你就會變得更有責(zé)任感。你需要隨時隨地關(guān)

注它，這也將提升你處理其他任務(wù)的能力。78.養(yǎng)寵物得法會讓人更具責(zé)任意

識，主人的付出與關(guān)愛程度勢必反映在其喂養(yǎng)的寵物身上。養(yǎng)寵物需要傾注大

量的時間。79.養(yǎng)寵物最大的好處之一是讓你明白任何生命都是有所需求的。而

且這些需求應(yīng)該被關(guān)照。你會更懂養(yǎng)育之道且更富同情心，而這些變化也極有

可能反映到你生活的其他方面。80.很多了不起的父母同時也很擅于養(yǎng)寵物，這

絕非巧合，因為他們懂得體貼關(guān)愛其周邊的生命。世間沒有永恒之物，無論人

還是動物都有生有死，明白這一點非常重要。81.一生中養(yǎng)過多個寵物的人，能

更好地處理各類情感考驗，在面對失去的情感時，也會更加堅韌。

參考答案：77.Whenyoukeep/raiseapet,youwill,withoutadoubt,

havetotakecareofacreaturewhoselifewilldependentirelyon

you.

【分析】①出現(xiàn)“當(dāng)……”時，就要使用時間狀語從句，用when引導(dǎo)。②“毫

無疑問”可以譯為withoutadoubt,在句中做狀語。③“照料"：takecare

of0④“完全依賴于你的生命”可以用定語從句翻譯，whose指代前面的

creature,即寵物。

78.Effectivelykeeping/raisingapetmakesapersonmoreresponsible,

andtheownerJslevelofcommitmentandcarewillinevitablybe

shownontheirpet.

【分析】①“得法”即指養(yǎng)寵物養(yǎng)的方法恰當(dāng)，使用副詞effectively修飾即

可。②“讓人更……”即makesb.more+adj.③“付出和關(guān)愛”，即

commitmentandcare。④"勢必"，可以譯為副詞inevitably,修飾動詞“反

映”。

79.Oneofthebiggestbenefitsofkeepingapetisthatyouwill

understandthatalllivingbeingshaveneedsandthattheseneeds

havetobetakencareof.

【分析】本題有兩個句子，可以靈活地用并列賓語從句的方式將其合并。

80.Itisbynomeansacoincidencethatmanygreatparentsarealso

goodatkeepingpetsbecausetheyknowhowtoshowcareandlovefor

thelivingcreaturesaroundthem.

【分析】①“絕非”可譯為bynomeans,用it's引導(dǎo)做形式主語。“巧

合"：coincidenceo②擅于做某事，即goodatsth.0

81.Peoplewhohaveownedseveralpetsduringtheirlifetimecan

betterdealwithemotionaltrialsandbetterendureemotionallosses

intheirlives.

【分析】①“養(yǎng)寵物”除了keep和raise外，也可以使用動詞own。②“情感

考驗”，即emotionaltrialso③“更加堅韌”，即“更能忍受失去”，可以

譯為endurelosses。

［問答題］3.Rearrangethemuddledlettersincapitalstomakeaproper

word.Theanswerwillcompletethesentencesensibly.

Exaae:ABEZARananimalmthsnipes.ZEBRA

AbeeorwaspGNISTispainfUl..

參考答案：STING

參考解析：根據(jù)題目的提示，斑馬的英文是zebra,是有條紋的動物；故蜜蜂或

黃蜂“蟄”一下很疼，將打亂的字母組合成sting,表示“蟄”。

［問答題］4.Thealphabethasbeenwrittenouttohelpyou.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

PutthelettersinthewordSPECIALinalphabeticalorder.

參考答案：ACEILPS

參考解析：題目已經(jīng)給出了字母表，只需將單詞SPECIAL按單詞表的前后順序

重新排列組合即可。A是第一個，所以將字母A放在最前面，然后依次是C、

E、I、L、P、So

［問答題］5.Herearesomesymbolcodesforfourwords.Matchtheright

codetothewordWARY.

BOOTBROWTKAYWARY

?Q-X55?PQ-XQ5￡

___

參考答案：￡+Q=

參考解析：上面給出的四個單詞分別對應(yīng)下面的幾個符號組合，同時一個字母

對應(yīng)一個符號。根據(jù)推算，可知字母A對應(yīng)符號+,字母W對應(yīng)符號￡,字母R

對應(yīng)符號Q,字母Y對應(yīng)符號=,字母B對應(yīng)符號X,字母。對應(yīng)符號5,字母

T對應(yīng)符號？。故WARY對應(yīng)的符號組合應(yīng)當(dāng)是￡+Q=。

［問答題］6.Changethefirstwordintothelastword,bychangingone

letteratatimeandmakinganew,differentwordinthemiddle.

PALMCALF

參考答案：CALM

參考解析：根據(jù)題意，每次只能改變單詞里的一個字母。由第一個單詞PALM和

最后一個單詞CALF可知，改的字母是P和M。故推測首先將P改為了C,組成

新單詞CALM,意為“冷靜的”。

［問答題］7.Fillinthecrosswordssothatallthegivenwordsare

included.Youhavebeengivenoneletterasaclueinthecrossword.

SHARDSTIFFFIXEDSNOWSINDIA

參考解析：題目中左下角的已經(jīng)限定為字母F,所以最后一排只能填F開頭的單

詞FIXED,同樣以此推測，第一列為F結(jié)尾的單詞STIFF,最后一列為D結(jié)尾的

單詞SHARD。所以第一排只能填SNOWS,第二排填I(lǐng)NDIA。

［問答題］8.SectionA(10marks)

Startyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthen

commentonHowtoPrepareforaRace.WriteatleastlOOwordsonthe

answersheet.

參考答案：【參考范文】

HowtoPrepareforaRaceFromthepicture,wecanseetheathletesare

dashingtothefinishline.Italsoremindsusthatit'simproperto

justgotothestartinglineandbegintorunwithoutpreparingfor

therace.Ifyouasksomeprofessionalathletes,theywilltellyou

thattheyalwayspreparebeforecompeting.Howtoprepareforarace?

Youshouldwarmupandstretchyourmuscles.Withoutwarmingup

properly,youmayinjureyourselflikepullingamuscleor

tendon.It'salwaysrighttostartwarmingupatleastfortyminutes

beforetherace.Allathletesusuallywarmupundertheguidanceof

coachatthestadiumwheretheyaregoingtocompeteorinanearby

stadiumwhichissetforwarmingup.

參考解析：本篇范文首先在開頭描述照片中的情境，隨后點出在比賽前熱身的

重要性，再以專業(yè)運動員總是會熱身來加強說服力。然后，文章指出賽前準(zhǔn)備

包括熱身和拉伸肌肉，并說明，如果不熱身，可能會在比賽中受傷。熱身的時

間應(yīng)當(dāng)至少為40分鐘。最后末尾再次以運動員為例，說明準(zhǔn)備比賽前要熱身。

［問答題］9.SectionB(20marks)

Writeonthefollowingtopic.

TheNationalBureauofStatisticshasrecentlyreleasedthelatest

dataonpropertypricesin70bigandmedium-sizedcities.Theprices

ofnewhousesin11keycities,includingBeijing,Shanghai,and

Shenzhen,haveallfallenslightlysincelastyear.Thatistosay,

housingpriceshavehopefullybeentamed.

Readtheabovesentences.Howdoyouunderstandthisphenomenon?Write

anessayofnolessthanl60wordsontheanswersheettoexpressyour

personalviewsontheissue.

參考答案：【參考范文】

It'sgoodtoknowthattheskyrocketinghousingpriceshavebeen

tamed.However,thequestionsstillarise:arefallinghousingprices

asignofrealtypricesbecomingreasonableagain,ormerelya

temporaryresultofthemacro-controlmeasuresconductedbylocal

governments?Inmyopinion,thistimemightbedifferent.Firstly,the

financialsystemcannotaffordtoletrealtypricescontinuerising

withsuchrapidspeed.InbigcitieslikeBeijingandShanghai,

housingpricesarealreadysohighthatpeoplespendsuchalarge

percentageoftheirincometopayhouseloan,hopingnothing

unexpectedhappensintheirlives.Secondly,asthecentralleadership

hasmadeitclearthatifthosewhorenthousescanenjoythesame

rightswiththosewhobuyhouses,themarketdemandforbuyinghouses

mightnotbeashighasbefore.Housingpriceshaveattractedalarge

flowoffundsfromrealeconomytovirtualeconomy.It?sreally

urgentthatthehousingpricesgetbackontotherighttrack.

參考解析：本篇作文要求討論當(dāng)前房價得到控制這一現(xiàn)象。范文首先表示了作

者的態(tài)度，即這一現(xiàn)象是好的。隨后，作者又引出了一個討論，這一現(xiàn)象到底

是政府宏觀調(diào)控的暫時性的結(jié)果，還是房價真的得到了控制？作者認(rèn)為，房價

高是真的得到了改善，并給出了兩個理由，分別是經(jīng)濟(jì)體系已經(jīng)承受不住這樣

的上漲，以及若租房者與買房者享有同樣的權(quán)利，買房的現(xiàn)象就會減少。最

后，再次強調(diào)中心，房價急需得到控制。

共享題干題

IonceaskedadvertisinglegendCarlAllywhatmakesthecreative

persontick.Ally(46)res,“Thecreativepersonwantstobea

know-it-all.Hewantstoknowaboutallkindsofthings:ancient

history,nineteenthcenturymathematics,currentmanufacturing

techniques,flowerarranging,andhogfutures.Becauseheneverknows

whentheseideasmightcometogethertoformanewidea.Itmayhappen

sixminutes(47)laorsixyearsdowntheroad.Buthehasfaith

thatitwillhappen."Iagreewholeheartedly.Knowledgeisthestuff

fromwhichnewideasare(48)(make).Nonetheless,knowledge

alonewon'tmakeapersoncreative.Ithinkthatwe'veallknown

people(49)knewlotsoffactsandnothingcreative

happened.Theirknowledgejustsatintheircraniabecausetheydidn'

tthinkaboutwhattheyknewinanynewways.Therealkeytobeing

creativeliesinwhatyoudowithyour

knowledge.Creativethinking(50)req

anattitudethatallowsyoutosearchforideasandmanipulateyour

knowledgeandexperience.Withthisoutlook,youdivyvarious

approaches,firstone,thenanother,oftennotgettinganywhere.You

usecrazy,foolish,andimpracticalideasassteppingstonesto

practicalnewideas.Youbreaktherules(51)(occasion),and

exploreforideasinunusualoutsideplaces.Inshort,byadoptinga

creativeoutlookyouopenyourselfupbothtonewpossibilitiesand

tochange.AgoodexampleofapersonwhodidthisisJohann

Gutenberg.WhatGutenbergdidwascombinetwopreviouslyunconnected

ideas:thewinepressandthecoinpunch.Thepurposeofthecoin

punchwastoleaveanimageonasmallareasuchasagoldcoin.The

(52)funofthewinepresswas,andstillis,toapplyforce

overalargeareatosqueezethejuiceoutofgrapes.Oneday,

Gutenberg,perhapsafterhedrunkagobletortwoofwine,playfully

askedhimself,WhatifItookabunchofthesecoinpunchesandput

themundertheforceofthewinepresssothatthey(53)(leave)

theirimageonpaper?Theresultingcombinationwastheprinting

pressandmovabletype.NavyAdmiralGraceHopperhadthetaskof

explainingthemeaningofananosecondtosomenontechnicalcomputer

users.Ananosecondisabillionthofasecond,andit'sthebasic

(54)tiintervalofasupercomputersinternalclock.Shewondered,

“HowcanIgetthemtounderstandthebrevityofananosecond?Why

notlookatit(55)aspaceproblemratherthanatimeproblem?

I'11justusethedistancelightdivavelsinonebillionthofa

second."Shepulledoutapieceofsdiving30centimeterslongand

toldhervisitors,“Hereisonenanosecond.”

［填空題］1.

參考答案：responded

參考解析：根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，“我”向廣告界傳奇人物卡爾?艾力提問，是什

么讓有創(chuàng)造力的人思緒迸發(fā)的。以此推測隨后就是卡爾對問題的解答。故此處

填responded。注意全文時態(tài)為過去式。

［填空題］2.

參考答案：later

參考解析：根據(jù)填空處前的一句話，“他從來不知道這些想法什么時候會形成

一個新的想法”及下句可推測此處應(yīng)表達(dá)的意思為：“可能是六分鐘之后，也

甚至可能是花上六年時間”。故此處填later符合邏輯。

［填空題］3.

參考答案：made

參考解析：根據(jù)提示，可知此處填make的被動時態(tài)，表示知識是新主意“被創(chuàng)

造”的基礎(chǔ)。

［填空題］4.

參考答案：who

參考解析：此處填關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代前面的people。

［填空題］5.

參考答案：requires

參考解析：根據(jù)提示可知，此處填requires符合全文文意，表示創(chuàng)造性思維需

要一種能讓你去尋找新想法、運用你的知識和經(jīng)驗的態(tài)度。承接上文提到的知

識和創(chuàng)新思維重要性，再引出下文刺激創(chuàng)造性思維可以使用的辦法。

［填空題］6.

參考答案：occasionally

參考解析：根據(jù)提示可知，此處填occasion的副詞形式，修飾動詞break,表

示“偶然打破規(guī)則”。

［填空題］7.

參考答案：function

參考解析：根據(jù)上下文，作者提到約翰?古藤貝格將葡萄榨汁機(jī)和硬幣壓花結(jié)

合了起來，隨后又解釋葡萄榨汁機(jī)是把葡萄汁壓榨出來的機(jī)器。故此處填

function表示介紹榨汁機(jī)的功能。

［填空題］8.

參考答案：left

參考解析：由于此處的時態(tài)為過去時，故填leave的過去式left,意為“在硬

幣上留下花紋”。

［填空題］9.

參考答案：time

參考解析：根據(jù)前文提到的nanosecond,即納秒，是十億分之一秒，屬于時間

單位。故此處填time符合邏輯。

［填空題］10.

參考答案：as

參考解析：根據(jù)上下文，海軍上將格蕾絲要向非技術(shù)計算機(jī)用戶解釋納秒的意

義，于是她就把這個看作空間問題，將納秒轉(zhuǎn)換成了形象的距離單位，即光在

一納秒走過的路程,所以此處填as,look…as…表示"把……看作”。

SectionA(5marks)

“IbelieveIcanbuildahumanliver,“proclaimsanexhausted

Dr.JosephVacanti,collapsingintohisofficechairatChildren's

HospitalinBoston.There's

somethingdisquietingabouthearingadoctorsaysuchathing.One

can'thelpthinkingghastlymonstercreatedbyDr.Frankenstein,with

itsdivanslucentyellowskin,shriveledfaceandblackmisshapen1ips.

ButDr.VacantiisnoDr.Frankenstein.Stillinhisscrubs,hehas

justcomefromtheoperatingroomwhereheperformedlifesaving

surgeryonaninfant.Hisbodyisspent,buthiseyesflashwith

energyashetalksabouthisdream,“Ithasneverseemedlike

sciencefictiontome,“saysVacanti,aprofessorofsurgeryat

HarvardMedicalSchoolandMassachusettsGeneralHospital."My

professionalgoalistosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage.”

Morethan50,000Americansarecurrentlyinneedoforgan

divansplants,and4,000ofthemarelikelytodiebeforeadonoris

located.VacantiJssolutionissimple:Insteadofreplacinga

falteringorganwithoneharvestedfromsomeoneelse,whynottakea

fewhealthycellsfromthesickpersonandgrowhimorheranewone?

Suchanorganwouldprobablyworkbetter,too,sincethebodyisless

likelytorejecttissuemadeofitsowngeneticmaterial.

Itsoundstoogoodtobedivue.Butit'sbeginningtolooklike

itjustmightwork.Andifitdoes,tissueregenerationcould

revolutionizethepracticeofmedicine.

Apothecarieshaveexperimentedwithtissuereplacementfor

centuries:AsearlyasthesixthcenturyB.C.,Hindusurgeonsbegan

usingarmskintorepairmanglednoses.Itwasn'tuntilthelate

1970sthatJohnBurkeofMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandIoannis

YannasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysucceededin

growingskininalaboratory.Recently,severalbrandsofartificial

skinhavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdminisdivationfor

diveatmentofulcersandsevereburns.

Still,asanorganizedfieldofinquiry,withaninternational

professionalsocietyandajournaltoreportitsprogress,the

scienceoftissueengineeringhasbeenaroundforlittlemorethana

decade.Thereisquiteadifferencebetweengrowingarelatively

simpleorgansuchasskinandgrowingacomplexonelikealiver.For

theliverisacongeriesofmanydifferenttypesoftissues,allof

whichworktogethertoaccomplishahostofcomplicatedtasks."When

Istarteddivyingtodothis,“saysVacanti,49,thesonofa

Nebraskadentalsurgeon,“alotofpeoplethoughtIwascrazy.Some

stillthinkso.”

Questions56to60

Completethedivusingnomorethanthreewordsforeach

ProfileofDr.JosephVacant!

NamuJosephVacanti

Occupation:Doctor

Vacant：isalsoaprofg/xof(57)atHarvardMedicalSchool.

Thedocton(58)i$tosolvetheproblemofvitalorganAortage.

Csuallythebodyisnotverylikelytoreject(59)madeofitsowngeneticmarenal

blank.Vacum'sfativrfavesin(60).

［填空題］11.

參考答案：Boston

參考解析：根據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句話可知，約瑟夫?文森提是波士頓兒童

醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生，即他所在的城市為波士頓。

“IbelieveIcanbuildahumanliver,“proclaimsanexhausted

Dr.JosephVacanti,collapsingintohisofficechairatChildren's

HospitalinBoston.There's

somethingdisquietingabouthearingadoctorsaysuchathing.One

can,thelpthinkingghastlymonstercreatedbyDr.Frankenstein,with

itsdivanslucentyellowskin,shriveledfaceandblackmisshapenlips.

ButDr.VacantiisnoDr.Frankenstein.Stillinhisscrubs,hehas

justcomefromtheoperatingroomwhereheperformedlifesaving

surgeryonaninfant.Hisbodyisspent,buthiseyesflashwith

energyashetalksabouthisdream,“Ithasneverseemedlike

sciencefictiontome,“saysVacanti,aprofessorofsurgeryat

HarvardMedicalSchoolandMassachusettsGeneralHospital."My

professionalgoalistosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage.

Morethan50,000Americansarecurrentlyinneedoforgan

divansplants,and4,000ofthemarelikelytodiebeforeadonoris

located.VacantiJssolutionissimple:Insteadofreplacinga

falteringorganwithoneharvestedfromsomeoneelse,whynottakea

fewhealthycellsfromthesickpersonandgrowhimorheranewone?

Suchanorganwouldprobablyworkbetter,too,sincethebodyisless

1ikelytorejecttissuemadeofitsowngeneticmaterial.

Itsoundstoogoodtobedivue.Butit'sbeginningtolooklike

itjustmightwork.Andifitdoes,tissueregenerationcould

revolutionizethepracticeofmedicine.

Apothecarieshaveexperimentedwithtissuereplacementfor

centuries:AsearlyasthesixthcenturyB.C.,Hindusurgeonsbegan

usingarmskintorepairmanglednoses.Itwasn'tuntilthelate

1970sthatJohnBurkeofMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandIoannis

YannasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysucceededin

growingskininalaboratory.Recently,severalbrandsofartificial

skinhavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdminisdivationfor

diveatmentofulcersandsevereburns.

Still,asanorganizedfieldofinquiry,withaninternational

professionalsocietyandajournaltoreportitsprogress,the

scienceoftissueengineeringhasbeenaroundforlittlemorethana

decade.Thereisquiteadifferencebetweengrowingarelatively

simpleorgansuchasskinandgrowingacomplexonelikea1iver.For

theliverisacongeriesofmanydifferenttypesoftissues,allof

whichworktogethertoaccomplishahostofcomplicatedtasks."When

Istarteddivyingtodothis,“saysVacanti,49,thesonofa

Nebraskadentalsurgeon,“alotofpeoplethoughtIwascrazy.Some

stillthinkso.”

Questions56to60

Completethedivusingnomorethanthreewordsforeach

ProfileofDr.JosephVacant

NameJosephVacanh

OcapUkMLDoctor

CUy：C56_一

Vacamiisalsoaprofessorof(57)atHarvardSchool_________________

Thedoctor(58).istosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage

Usuallythebody:snotvaylikelytoreject(59)madeofitsowngenet:cnutenal

blank.Vacantisfatherhvesm(60)

［填空題］12.

參考答案：surgery

參考解析：根據(jù)文章第三段的第三句話可知，約瑟夫是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院和麻省總醫(yī)

院的外科教授。故此處填surge”，意為“外科”。

“IbelieveIcanbuildahumanliver,“proclaimsanexhausted

Dr.JosephVacanti,collapsingintohisofficechairatChildren's

HospitalinBoston.There?s

somethingdisquietingabouthearingadoctorsaysuchathing.One

can'thelpthinkingghastlymonstercreatedbyDr.Frankenstein,with

itsdivanslucentyellowskin,shriveledfaceandblackmisshapenlips.

ButDr.VacantiisnoDr.Frankenstein.Stillinhisscrubs,hehas

justcomefromtheoperatingroomwhereheperformedlifesaving

surgeryonaninfant.Hisbodyisspent,buthiseyesflashwith

energyashetalksabouthisdream,“Ithasneverseemedlike

sciencefictiontome,“saysVacanti,aprofessorofsurgeryat

HarvardMedicalSchoolandMassachusettsGeneralHospital."My

professionalgoalistosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage.”

Morethan50,000Americansarecurrentlyinneedoforgan

divansplants,and4,000ofthemarelikelytodiebeforeadonoris

located.VacantiJssolutionissimple:Insteadofreplacinga

falteringorganwithoneharvestedfromsomeoneelse,whynottakea

fewhealthycellsfromthesickpersonandgrowhimorheranewone?

Suchanorganwouldprobablyworkbetter,too,sincethebodyisless

likelytorejecttissuemadeofitsowngeneticmaterial.

Itsoundstoogoodtobedivue.Butit'sbeginningtolooklike

itjustmightwork.Andifitdoes,tissueregenerationcould

revolutionizethepracticeofmedicine.

Apothecarieshaveexperimentedwithtissuereplacementfor

centuries:AsearlyasthesixthcenturyB.C.,Hindusurgeonsbegan

usingarmskintorepairmanglednoses.Itwasn'tuntilthelate

1970sthatJohnBurkeofMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandIoannis

YannasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysucceededin

growingskininalaboratory.Recently,severalbrandsofartificial

skinhavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdminisdivationfor

diveatmentofulcersandsevereburns.

Still,asanorganizedfieldofinquiry,withaninternational

professionalsocietyandajournaltoreportitsprogress,the

sci