2011.12

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At

theendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.

Boththeconversationandthequestionsw川bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion

therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.

M:Idon'tknowwhattodo.IhavetodrivetoChicagonextFridayformycousin'swedding,

butIhavegotaPsychologytesttopreparefor.

W:Whydon'tyourecordyournotessoyoucanstudyontheway?

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

12.

M:ProfessorWright,youmayhavetofindanotherstudenttoplaythisrole,thelinesare

solongandIsimplycan'trememberthemall.

W:Look,Tony.Itisstillalongtimebeforethefirstshow.Idon'texpectyoutoknowallthe

linesyet.Justkeeppracticing.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

13.

M:Hello,thisisDr.MartinfromtheEmergencyDepartment.Ihaveamalepatientwitha

fracturedankle.

W:Oh,wehaveonebedavailableinward3,sendhimhereandIwilltakecareofhim.

Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

14.

W:SinceSimonw川graduatethisMay,theschoolpaperneedsaneweditor.Soifyouare

interested,Iwillbehappytonominateyou.

M:Thanksforconsideringme.Butthebaseballteamisstartingupanewseason.AndI'm

afraidIhavealotonmyhands.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

15.W:HaveyouheardthenewsthatJameSmeilhasresignedhispostasprimeminister?

M:Well,Igotitfromtheheadlinesthismorning.Ifsreportedthathemadepublicatthis

decisionatthelastcabinetmeeting.

Q:whatdowelearnaboutJameSmeil?

16.W:Themorningpapersaysthespaceshuttleistakingoffat10a.m.tomorrow.

M:Yeah,ifsjustanotheroneofthisyear'sroutinemissions.Thefirstmissionwas

undertakenadecadeagoandbroadcastlivethenworldwide.

Q:whatcanweinferfromthisconversation?

17.M:Wedoalotofcampinginthemountains.Whatwouldyourecommendfortwo

people?

W:You'dprobablybebetteroffwiththefourrealdrivevehicle.Wehaveseveraloff-road

trucksinstock,bothnewandused.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

18.W:Ihearyoudidsomeseriousshoppingthispastweekend.

M:Yeah,thespeakersofmyoldstereofinallygaveoutandtherewasnowaytorepair

them.

Q:Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?

ConversationOne

W:Now,couldyoutellmewheretheideaforthebusinessfirstcamefrom?

M:Well,theoriginalshopwasopenedbyaretiredprinterbythenameofGruby.MrGruby

beingleft-handedhimself,thoughtoftheideatotrytopromoteafewproductsfor

left-handers.

W:Andhowdidhethengoaboutactuallysettingupthebusiness?

M:Well,helookedforanyleft-handedproductsthatmightalreadybeonthemarketwhich

wereveryfew.Andthencontactedthemanufactureswiththeideaofhavingproducts

producedforhim,mainlyinthescissorsrangetostartwith.

W:Right.Soyoudocommissionsomepartofyourstock.

M:Yes,verymuchso.About75percentofourstockisspeciallymadeforus.

W:Andtherestofit?

M:Hmm,therestofitnow,some25,30yearsafterMr.Gruby'sinitialefforts,thereare

moreleft-handedproductactuallyonthemarket.Manufacturesarenowbeginningtosee

thatthereisamarketforleft-handedproducts.

W:Andwhafstherangeofyourstock?

M:Therangeconsistsofavarietyofscissorsfromchildrenscissorstoscissorsfortailors,

hairdressersetc.Wealsohavealargerangeofkitchenware.

W:Whafsthecompetitionlike?Doyouhavequitealotofcompetition?

M:Thereareotherpeopleinthebusinessnowinspecialists,butonlyasmail-orderoutlets.

ButwehaveashophereincentralLondonplusamail-orderoutlet.Andwearewithout

anydoubtthelargestsupplieroftheleft-handeditems.

Q19:Whatkindofbusinessdoesthemanengagedin?

Q20:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisstockofproducts?

Q21:Whatdoesthemansayaboutotherpeopleinhislineofbusiness?

ConversationTwo

M:Canwemakeyouanoffer?Wewouldliketorunthecampaignforfourextraweeks.

W:well,canwesummarizetheproblemfrommypointofview?Firstofall,thecampaign

waslate.Itmissedtwoimportanttradeaffairs.Theadsalsodidnotappearintokey

magazines.Asaresult,thecampaignfailed.Doyouacceptthatsummaryofwhat

happened?

M:well,thedelaywasn'tentirelyourfault.Youdidinfactmakelatechangestothe

specificationsoftheadvertisements.

W:Uh,actually,youwerelatewiththeinitialproposalssoyouhaveverylittletimeandin

fact,weonlyaskedforsmallchanges.

M:Wellwhatever,canwerepeatouroffertorunthecampaignfor4extraweeks?

W:Thafsnotreallythepoint.Thecampaignmissedtwokeytradeaffairs.Becauseofthis,

weareaskingyoueithertorepeatthecampaignnextyearforfree,orweonlypay50%of

thefeeforthisyear.

M:Couldwesuggesta20%reductiontothefeetogetherwiththefourweeksustentionto

thecampaign.

W:Wearenothappy.Welostbusiness.

M:Ithinkwebothmademistakes.Theresponsibilityisonbothsides.

W:Ok,let'ssuggestanewsolution.Howabouta40%cutinfee,orafreerepeat

campaign?

M:Well,lefstakeabreak,we'renotgettingveryfar.Perhapsweshouldthinkaboutthis.

22:Whatdowelearnabouttheman'scompany?

23:Whywasthecampaigndelayedaccordingtotheman?

24:Whatdoesthewomanproposeasasolutiontotheproblem?

25:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydoattheendoftheconversation?

SectionB

PassageOne

TheUniversityofTennessee'sWaltersLifeSciencesbuilding,isamodelanimalfacility,

spotlesslyclean,carefulinobtainingpriorapprovalforexperimentsfromananimalcare

committee.Ofthe15,000micehousethereinatypicalyear,mostgivetheirlivesfor

humanity.Thesearegoodmiceandassuchwontheprotectionoftheanimalcare

committee.Atanygiventimehoweversomemiceescapeandrunfree.Thesemiceare

pests.Theycandisruptexperimentswiththebacteriaorganismstheycarry.Theyarebad

miceandmustbecapturedanddestroyed.Usually,thisisaccomplishedbymeansof

stickytraps,akindofflypaperonwhichtheybecomeincreasinglystuck.Buttherealpoint

ofthecautionarytale,saysanimalbehavioristHerzau,isthatthelabelsweputonthings

canaffectourmoralresponsestothem.Usingsticktrapsorthemoredeadlysnaptraps

wouldbedeemedunacceptableforgoodmice.Yetthekillingofbadmicerequiresnoprior

approval.Oncetheresearchanimalhitsthefloorandbecomesanescapee,saysHerza,

itsmoralstandardisinstantlydiminished.InHerzau*sownhome,therewasmoreironic

examplewhenhisyoungson'spetmouseWillydiedrecently,itwasaccordedatearful

ceremonialburialingarden.YetevenastheymournedWilly,saysHerzau,heandhis

wifeweresettingsnaptrapstokillthepestmiceintheirkitchenwiththebarechangein

labelsfrompettopest,thekitchenmiceobtainedtotallydifferentmoralstandards

Questions:

26,Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmostofthemiceusedforexperiments?

27,Whydidtheso-calledbadmicehavetobecapturedanddestroyed?

28,Whenaremicekilledwithoutpriorapproval?

29,WhydoesthespeakersaywhattheHerzau'sdidathomeisironical?

PassageTwo

ThereareroughlythreeNewYorks.Thereis,first,theNewYorkofthemanorwoman

whowasbornhere,whotakesthecityforgrantedandacceptsitssizeanditsturbulence

asnaturalandinevitable.Second,thereistheNewYorkofthecommuter—thecitythat

isswallowedupbylocustseachdayandspatouteachnight.Third,thereistheNewYork

ofthepersonwhowasbornsomewhereelseandcametoNewYorkinquestof

something.Ofthesethreetremblingcitiesthegreatestisthelast,thecityoffinal

destination,thecitythathasagoal.ItisthisthirdcitythataccountsforNewYork's

high-strungdisposition,itspoeticaldeportment,itsdedicationtothearts,andits

incomparableachievements.Commutersgivethecityitstidalrestlessness;nativesgiveit

solidityandcontinuity;butthesettlersgiveitpassion.Andwhetheritisafarmerarriving

fromItalytosetupasmallgrocerystoreinaslum,orayounggirlarrivingfromasmall

towninMississippitoescapetheindignityofbeingobservedbyherneighbors,oraboy

arrivingfromtheCornBeltwithamanuscriptinhissuitcaseandapaininhisheart,it

makesnodifference:eachembracesNewYorkwiththeintenseexcitementoffirstlove,

eachabsorbsNewYorkwiththefresheyesofanadventurer,eachgeneratesheatand

lighttodwarftheConsolidatedEdisonCompany.

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthenativesofNewYork?

31.WhatdoesthespeakersaycommutersgivetoNewYork?

32.WhatdowelearnaboutthesettlersofNewYork?

PassageThree

ulfyouaskedmetelevisionisunhealthy”，IsaidtomyroommateWalter,asIwalkedinto

thelivingroom.uWhileyouaresittingpassivelyinfrontoftheTVset,yourmusclesare

turningtofat,yourcomplexionisfading,andyoureyesightisbeingruined/*

“Shh?”Walterputhisfingertohislips,uThisisanintriguingmurdermystery."

“Really?”Ireplied.

“Butyouknow,thebrainisdestroyedbyTVviewing.Creativityiskilledbythatbox.And

peoplearekeptfromcommunicatingwithoneanother.Frommypointofview,TVisthe

causeofthedeclininginterestinschoolandthefailureofourentireeducationalsystem.”

“Ahha,Ican'tseeyourpoint.”Waltersaidsoftly."Butsee?Thewomanonthewitness

standinthisstoryisbeingquestionedaboutthemurderthatwascommittedonehundred

yearsago."

Ignoringhisenthusiasticdescriptionoftheplot,Iwentonwithmyargument.

“AsIseeit,“Iexplained,"notonlyaremostTVprogramsbadlywrittenandproduced,but

viewersarealsomanipulatedbythemassmedia.AsfarasIamconcerned,TVwatchers

arecutofffromrealityfromnature,fromtheotherpeople,fromlifeitself!Iwasconfidentin

myabilitytopersuade.

Afterashortsilence,myroommatesaid,"Anyway,Tvebeenplanningtowatchthefootball

game.Iamgoingtochangethechannel.5,

“Don'ttouchthatdial!”Ishouted,ulwantedtofindouthowthemysteryturnsout!”

IamnotsureIgotmypointtocross.

Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.Asthespeakerwalkedintothelivingroom,whatwasbeingshownonTV?

34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwatchingtelevision?

35.Whatcanwesayaboutthespeaker?

SectionCCompoundDictation

Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytowork

onamicroscale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinside

thehumanbodytodetecthealthproblemsortoperformdelicatesurgery.Repaircrewsdid

nothaveawayofidentifyingbrokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-riseapartment

building.However,thafsabouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshave

startedamicrominiaturerevolutionthatallowsscientiststoenvisionandinsomecases

actuallybuildmicroscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromisetodramaticallychangethe

wayweliveandwork.

Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityin

Cleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700

tinyprimitivemotors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshave

perfectedtheworld'sfirstmicroscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthrougha

person'sbloodvessels,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveof

theheartitself.

Althoughsimpleversionsofminiaturedeviceshavehadanimpact,advancedversions

arestillseveralyearsaway.

Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevicesthatcansensewhento

releaseanairbagandhowtokeepenginesandbreaksoperatingefficiently.Some

futuristsenvisionnanotechnologyalsobeingusedtoexplorethedeepseainsmall

submarine,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiature

instruments.

“Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications,"So,whenscientistsnowthink

aboutfuturemachinesdoinglargeandcomplextasks,they'rethinkingsmallerthanever

before

2012.6

.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At

theendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.

Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion

therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.

W:DidyouhearthatAnnaneedstostayinbedfor4weeks?

M:Yeah.Sheinjuredherspineinafallandadoctortoldhertolieflatonherbackfora

monthsoitcanmend.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

12.

M:AfamousRussianballetiscomingtotownnextweekend.ButIcan'tfindaticket

anywhere.

W:Don'tbeupset.Mysisterjusthappenedtohaveoneandshecan'tgosinceshehas

gotsomesortofconflictinherschedule.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

13.

W:Hello,mybathroomdrainisblockedandI'mgivingapartytonight.Doyouthinkyou

couldcomeandfixitforme?

M:Sorry,ma'am.I'mprettybusyrightnow.ButIcanputyouonmylist.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

14.

W:We'retakingupacollectiontobuyagiftforJemma.Shellhavebeenwiththe

company25yearsnextweek.

M:Well,countmein.ButTmabitshortoncashnow.Whendoyouneedit?

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

15.

W:Tony*smotherhasinvitedmetodinner.DoyouthinkIshouldtellherinadvancethat

I'mavegetarian?

M:Ofcourse.Ithinkshe'dappreciateit.Imaginghowyoubothfeelifshefixedtheturkey

dinnerorsomething.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

16.

M:Justlookatthisnewspaper,nothingbutrobbery,suicideandmurder.Doyoustill

believepeoplearebasicallygood?

W:Ofcourse.Butmanypaperslackinterestinreportingsomethingpositivelikepeace,

loveandgenerosity.

Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

17.

M:Ican'tbelievesomanypeoplewanttosignupfortheKoreaDevelopment

Conference.Wewillhavetolimittheregistration.

W:Yeah,otherwisewewon'thaveroomforthemore.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?

18.

W:Hi,I'mcallingabouttheadfortheonebedroomapartment.

M:Perfecttiming!Thepersonwhowassupposedtorentitjustbackedtowntotakea

roomoncampus.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

PartIIIListeningComprehension

Conversation1

W:OneofthemostinterestingexperimentswithdolphinsmustbeonedonebyDoctor

JarvisBastian.WhathetriedtodowastoteachamaledolphincalledBassandafemale

calledDoristocommunicatewitheachotheracrossasolidbarrier.

M:Sohowdidhedoitexactly?

W:Well,firstofall,hekeptthetwodolphinstogetherinthesametankandtaughtthemto

pressleverswhenevertheysawalight.Theleverswerefittedtothesideofthetanknext

toeachother.Ifthelightflashedonandoffseveraltimes,thedolphinsweresupposedto

presstheleft-handleverfollowedbytheright-handone.Ifthelightwaskeptsteady,the

dolphinsweresupposedtopresstheleversinreverseorder.Whenevertheyresponded

correctly,theywererewardedwithfish.

M:Soundsterriblycomplicated.

W:Well,thatwasthefirststage.Inthesecondstage,DoctorBastianseparatedthe

dolphinsintotwotanks.Theycouldstillhearoneanother,buttheycouldn'tactuallysee

eachother.Theleversandlightweresetupinexactlythesamewayexceptthatthistime

itwasonlyDoriswhocouldseethelightindicatingwhichlevertopressfirst.Butinorder

togettheirfish,bothdolphinshadtopresstheleversinthecorrectorder.Thismeantof

coursethatDorishadtotellBasswhetheritwasaflashinglightorwhetheritwasasteady

light.

M:Sodiditwork?

W:Well,amazinglyenough,thedolphinsachieveda100%successrate.

Questions19-21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

Q19.WhatisthepurposeofDoctorJarvisBastian'sexperiment?

Q20.Whatwerethedolphinssupposedtodowhentheysawasteadylight?

Q21.Howdidthesecondstageoftheexperimentdifferfromthefirststage?

Conversation2

W:Thisweek'sprogramUpYourStreettakesyoutoHarrogate,asmalltowninYorkshire.

HarrogatebecameafashionableresortduringVictoriantimes,whenpeoplecametotake

abathinthemineralwaters.Today,fewpeoplecometovisitthetownforitsmineral

waters.Instead,Harrogatehasbecomeapopulartownforpeopletoretireto.Itscleanair,

attractiveparks,andtheabsenceofanyindustry,makethisanidealspotforpeople

lookingforaquietlife.Now,totellusmoreaboutHarrogate,IhavewithmeTomPercival,

PresidentoftheChamberofCommerce.Tom,oneofthethingsvisitornoticesabout

Harrogateisthelargeareaofopenparklandrightdownintothemiddleofthetown.Can

youtellusmoreaboutit?

M:Yes,certainly.TheareaiscalledtheStray.

W:WhytheStray?

M:Ifscalledthatbecauseintheolddays,peoplelettheircattlesstrayonthearea,which

wascommonland.

W:Oh,Isee.

M:Then,we'vechangesinfarmingandinlandownership.TheStraybecamepartofthe

landownedbyHarrogate.

W:Andisitprotected?

M:Oh,yes,indeed.Asaspeciallaw,noonecanbuildanythingonthestray.Ifsprotected

forever.

W:Soitwillalwaysbeparkland?

M:Thafsright.Asyoucansee,someoftheStrayisusedforsportsfields.

W:Ibelieveitlookslovelyinthespring.

M:Yes,itdoes.ThereYespringflowersontheoldtrees,andpeoplevisitthetownjustto

seetheflowers.

Question22-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

Q22.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

Q23.WhatdowelearnaboutmodernHarrogate?

Q24.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheareacalledtheStray?

Q25.WhatattractspeoplemostintheStrayduringthespringtime?

About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-stricken

familiespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlyslight

improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducationofficialsaid.

Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,shrinkingan

estimated7percentduetoaplungeinU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.

Thedeclineledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeftprimaryormiddle

schoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,whoheadsthenation'sadulteducation

programandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.

"Povertyroseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult,"CastrotoldReutersin

aninterviewearlierthismonth.

Hinderedbyhighertaxesandweakdemandforitsexports,Mexico*seconomyisseen

onlypartiallyrecoveringthisyear.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,

Castrosaid.

"Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,'*Castrosaid.

Mexicohashistoricallyhadhighdrop-outratesaspoorfamiliespullkidsoutofschoolto

helpputfoodonthetable,andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorworkin

restaurants.

Thenation'sdrop-outproblemisjustthelatestbadnewsforthelong-term

competitivenessoftheMexicaneconomy.Mexico'spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthe

country'stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountries

suchasBrazilandChile.

PassageOne

RussellFazio,anOhioStatepsychologyprofessorwhohasstudiedinterracialroommates

thereandatIndianaUniversity,discoveredanintriguingacademiceffect.Inastudy

analyzingdataonthousandsofOhioStatefreshmenwholivedindorms,hefoundthat

blackfreshmenwhocametocollegewithhighstandardizedtestscoresearnedbetter

gradesiftheyhadawhiteroommate—eveniftheroommate'stestscoreswerelow.The

roommate'sracehadnoeffectonthegradesofwhitestudentsorlow-scoringblack

students.Perhaps,thestudyspeculated,havingawhiteroommatehelpsacademically

preparedblackstudentsadjusttoapredominantlywhiteuniversity.

ThatsamestudyfoundthatrandomlyassignedinterracialroommatesatOhioStatebroke

upbeforetheendofthequarterabouttwiceasoftenassame-raceroommates.

Becauseinterracialroommaterelationshipsareoftenproblematic,Dr.Faziosaid,many

studentswouldliketomoveout,butuniversityhousingpoliciesmaymakeithardtoleave.

uAtIndianaUniversity,wherehousingwasnotsotight,moreinterracialroommatessplit

up,"hesaid."HereatOhioState,wherehousingwastight,theyweretoldtoworkitout.

Themostinterestingthingwefoundwasthatiftherelationshipmanagedtocontinuefor

just10weeks,wecouldseeanimprovementinracialattitudes.n

Dr.Fazio'sIndianastudyfoundthatthreetimesasmanyrandomlyassignedinterracial

roommateswerenolongerlivingtogetherattheendofthesemester,comparedwith

whiteroommates.Theinterracialroommatesspentlesstimetogether,andhadfewerjoint

activitiesthanthewhitepairs.

Question26-29

26.WhatdoweknowaboutRussellFazio?

27.WhobenefitedfromlivingwithawhiteroommateaccordingtoFazio'sstudy?

28.WhatdidthestudyfindaboutrandomlyassignedinterracialroommatesatOhioState

University?

29.WhatdidDr.Faziofindinterestingaboutinterracialroommateswhohadlivedtogether

for10weeks?

PassageTwo

InasmallliboratoryattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,Dr.VladimirMironovhas

beenworkingforadecadetogrowmeat.Adevelopmentalbiologistandtissueengineer,

Dr.Mironov,isoneofonlyafewscientistsworldwideinvolvedinbioengineering'cultured,

meat.

Ifsaproducthebelievescouldhelpsolvefutureglobalfoodcrisesresultingfrom

shrinkingamountsoflandavailableforgrowingmeattheold-fashionedway.

“GrowthofculturedmeatisalsounderwayintheNetherlands",MironovtoldReutersinan

interview,UbutintheUnitedStates,itisscienceinsearchoffundinganddemand."

ThenewNationalInstituteofFoodandAgriculturewon'tfundit,theNationalInstitutesof

Healthwon'tfundit,andtheNASAfundeditonlybriefly,Mironovsaid.

"It'sclassicdisruptivetechnology,'*Mironovsaid.'Bringinganynewtechnologyonthe

market,onaverage,costs$1billion.Wedon*tevenhave$1million.*'

DirectoroftheAdvancedTissueBiofabricationCenterintheDepartmentofRegenerative

MedicineandCellBiologyatthemedicaluniversity,Mironovnowprimarilyconducts

researchontissueengineering,orgrowing,ofhumanorgans.

"There'sanunpleasantfactorwhenpeoplefindoutmeatisgrowninalab.Theydon'tlike

toassociatetechnologywithfood,"saidNicholasGenovese,avisitingscholarincancer

cellbiology.

"Buttherearealotofproductsthatweeattodaythatareconsiderednaturalthatare

producedinasimilarmanner,'*Genovesesaid.

30.WhatdoesDr.Mironovthinkofbioengineeringculturedmeat?

31.WhatdoesDr.Mironovsayaboutthefundingfortheirresearch?

32.WhatdoesNicholasGenovesesayaboutalotofproductsweeattoday?

PassageThree

BernardJacksonisafreemantoday,buthehasmanybittermemories.Jacksonspent

fiveyearsinprisonafterajurywronglyconvictedhimofrapingtwowomen.AtJackson's

trial,althoughtwowitnessestestifiedthatJacksonwaswiththeminanotherlocationat

thetimesofthecrimes,hewasconvictedanyway.Why?Thejurybelievedthetestimony

ofthetwovictims,whopositivelyidentifiedJacksonasthemanwhohasattackedthem.

ThecourteventuallyfreedJacksonafterthepolicefoundthemanwhohadreally

committedthecrimes.Jacksonwassimilarinappearancetotheguiltyman.Thetwo

womenhasmadeamistakeinidentity.Asaresult,Jacksonhaslostfiveyearsofhislife.

Thetwowomeninthiscasewereeyewitnesses.Theyclearlysawthemanwhoattacked

them,yettheymistakenlyidentifiedaninnocentperson.Similarincidentshaveoccurred

before.Eyewitnessestoothercrimeshaveidentifiedthewrongpersoninapolicelineup

orinphotographs.

Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofeyewitnesstestimony.Forinstance,witnesses

sometimesseephotographsofseveralsuspectsbeforetheytrytoidentifythepersonthey

sawinalineupofpeople.Theycanbecomeconfusedbyseeingmanyphotographsor

similarfaces.Thenumberofpeopleinthelineup,andwhetheritisalivelineupora

photograph,mayalsoaffectawitness'sdecision.Peoplesometimeshavedifficulty

identifyingpeopleofotherraces.Thequestionsthepoliceaskwitnessesalsohavean

effectonthem.

Question33:WhatdowelearnaboutBernardJackson?

Question34:WhatleddirectlytoJackson'ssentence?

Question35:WhatlessondowelearnfromJackson'scase?

2011.6

11

M:lleft20pagesheretocopy,here'sthereceipt

W:Tmsorry,sir,butwearealittlebehind,couldyoucomebackinafewminutes?

Q:whatdoesthewomanmean?

12

W:IhopeyouarenottoputoutwithmeforthedelayJhadtostopfortheFred's

hometopickupabookonmywayhere

M:well,thafsnotabigdeal,butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyouwillkeep

someonewaiting

Q:whatdowelearnaboutthewomen?

13

W:Markisthebestcandidateforchairmanofthestudentsunion,isn'the?

M:well,thatguywon'tbeabletowintheelectionunlesshegotthemajorityvotefrom

womenstudents,andIamnotsureaboutit?

Q:whatdoesthemanmean?

14

M:sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting,Madam,I'velocatedyourluggage,itwasleft

behindinParisandwon'tarriveuntillaterthisevening

W:oh,lcan5tbelievethis,haveitbeentodeliveredtomyhotelthen,lguess

Q:whathappenedtothewoman'sluggage?

15

W：Idon'tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation.Butwehavetogive

ittomorrow.Thatdoesn'tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.

M:Yeah,atthispoint,wellhavetomakedowith