一、動詞不定式的優(yōu)勢：可以作除了謂語動詞以外的所有成分;動詞不定式的缺陷：只能表示“將來和未發(fā)生”。二、動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：時態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone第一頁第二頁，共33頁。不定式運用口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。大家千萬要當心，有時它把句型改，作主賓時用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個感官三使役，賓補要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。第二頁第三頁，共33頁。三、動詞不定式的功能：1．名詞、形容詞、副詞。2.可作成分：除謂語以外的所有成分。（1）作主語：1.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.（形式主語問題）（2）作表語1.Yourjobistowashdishes.2.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.★當作表語的不定式解釋主語中do的意義時，to可以省略。第三頁第四頁，共33頁。（3）作賓語一些動詞要用不定式作賓語,常見的動詞有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Shepromisedtogivehimachance.決心學(xué)會選計劃，拒絕答應(yīng)想假裝。主動設(shè)法愿希望，同意請求幫一幫。準備威脅易聲稱，渴望申請敗躊躇。decide/determine,learn,choose,plan;refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend.offer,manage,expect/wish/hope;agree,ask/beg,help.prepare,threaten,tend,claim;desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate第四頁第五頁，共33頁?！锷贁?shù)介詞后面可跟不定式作賓語1.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.當句子中含有實義動詞do（做）的某種形式或有情態(tài)動詞修飾時,動詞不定式省去to,否則不省.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbuttocry.Cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之間的不定式一般不帶to,常翻譯為“不得不”Icannotbutadmirehercourage.Hecannotchoosebutdoit.Icannothelpbutloveit.第五頁第六頁，共33頁。（4）作賓語補足語Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.A.不定式作補語，可根據(jù)需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑問詞。Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhattodowiththesesentencepatterns.B.不定式在感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役動詞let,make,have等后面作賓語補足語時,不加to,help后可加可不加.

在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.第六頁第七頁，共33頁。（5）作主語補足語Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主語補足語就是主動語態(tài)中的賓語補足語Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.Hewasheardpractisingsingingasongthistimeyesterday.第七頁第八頁，共33頁。（6）作定語與所修飾詞在邏輯上有以下幾種關(guān)系Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主謂關(guān)系)Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(動賓關(guān)系)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位關(guān)系)不定式作賓語，動詞如果不是及物動詞，后面應(yīng)加必要的介詞Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.第八頁第九頁，共33頁。（7）作目的狀語to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。ShegotofftheraininBeijingtoseeafriend.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.第九頁第十頁，共33頁。（8）作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，

而且不定式前常有only,never,強調(diào)驚訝或

失望。V-ing作結(jié)果狀語強調(diào)一種必然的因果關(guān)系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofinditwasbrokeninto.Istoodthere,nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing100deaths.HeseemstoknowFrench.Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.Theboypretendedtobelisteningwhentheteacherlookedathim.Heseemstohavereadthenovel.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisabouthowtostopthepollution.I’dliketohavebeentoldthenewsearlier.第十頁第十一頁，共33頁。四、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.疑問詞+不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.第十一頁第十二頁，共33頁。2.帶有邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)It’skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.★Itisofsb.todo此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說明邏輯主語的特征，可作邏輯主語的表語★Itisforsb.todo此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說明句中行為動詞的特征Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.Youarefoolishtosaysuchword.Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.Wearenecessarytolearnourlessonswell.第十二頁第十三頁，共33頁。動詞不定式中的幾個難點第十三頁第十四頁，共33頁。

一、難記住的動詞。一些謂語動詞后只能接帶to的不定式作賓語，這樣的謂語動詞大約40個，我們可以編成口訣來輔助記憶?？谠E：決心學(xué)習(xí)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。解析：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.第十四頁第十五頁，共33頁。二、難辨清的動詞。有些謂語動詞后既可以接不定式to又可以接動名詞ing，但意義不相同。remember,forget,regret…接不定式表將來、未發(fā)生，譯成“要……”；接動名詞表已完成，譯成“做過……”;Istillremember

totheShaolinTempleandwhatIsawthere.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken2009(答案D)2.trytodo表“設(shè)法、千方百計”，trydoing表“試著……”；3.stoptodo表“停止原來的事情去做另外的事情”，stopdoing表“停止做某事”；4.goontodo表“繼續(xù)做另一事情”，goondoing表“繼續(xù)做原來的事情”；“Somuchforthenewwordsandexpressions;let’sgoon_______thetext.”theteachersaidwithasmile.totalkaboutB,talkingaboutC,tobetalkingD,talkabout（答案A）5.meantodo表“想要……”,meandoing表“意思是、意味著”；第十五頁第十六頁，共33頁。6.當want,require,need，demand,deserve，bear表示“需要、要求”等時，常用動名詞的主動形式表被動意思，也可以用動詞不定式的被動形式；Thisroomneeds_______.It’stooshabby.paintB.paintingC.topainD.painted（答案B）7.onlytodo表“結(jié)果卻……”,onlydoing表“結(jié)果是……”；8.can’thelptodo表“不能幫助做某事”，can’thelpdoing表“忍不住做某事”；9.情感動詞like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等接todo表“一次性動作”，接doing表“習(xí)慣性動作”。如：Ilikeshopping,butIdon’tliketogoshoppingtoday.10.need,dare在陳述句中作行為動詞，后接todo,在疑問句和否定句中可作情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原形。第十六頁第十七頁，共33頁。三、作賓補時，在主動態(tài)中省掉to,在被動態(tài)中補起來的謂語動詞。此類動詞我們可以概括為：五看：lookat,see,watch,notice,observe;三使：let,make,have;二聽：listento,hear;一感覺：feel.如：Thebossmadethemworkfrommorningtillnight.→Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.第十七頁第十八頁，共33頁。四、介詞but,except,besides，otherthan及動詞hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than…后的動詞。如果介詞前有行為動詞do的某種形式，或被情態(tài)動詞can,could修飾則介詞后用動詞原形（及不帶to的不定式），否則用todo。如：Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Ican’tchoosebuttolaugh.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.第十八頁第十九頁，共33頁。五、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語用forsb.還是ofsb.主要由作表語的形容詞來決定。通常表示“態(tài)度、評價”的形容詞后用of，如：kind,bad,polite,right,wrong,careless…反之用for.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.第十九頁第二十頁，共33頁。六、多個動詞連用現(xiàn)象。在某些句型中，當主語部分有行為動詞do時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.（三動詞連用）TheonlythingIcandoisgoonbymyself.（四動詞連用）AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.（四動詞連用）

第二十頁第二十一頁，共33頁。七、不定式后是否帶介詞。當處于動賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的介詞，如：

Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.※判斷是否帶介詞的最簡單辦法是：將動詞和前面的名詞聯(lián)起來讀，如果需要才通順就帶介詞。如：Hehasmanyactivitiestogoinfor.(只有g(shù)oinfor才有參加的意思，缺少in或者for，意思就改變了。)第二十一頁第二十二頁，共33頁。八、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用主動還是被動？1.如果不定式與最近的名詞有主謂關(guān)系，但與句中的另一名詞有主謂關(guān)系，用主動形式表被動。Hehasnoonetotakecareof.(與noone是動賓關(guān)系，但與he是主謂關(guān)系)Theyfoundthelecturehardtounderstand.Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?(是“你”洗)，如果是問“我問你是否有衣服要我洗”則用Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?2.在以Therebe引起的句子中，用來修飾主語的不定式用主動被動都可以。Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.3.不定式在以下形容詞后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等用主動形式表被動意思。

Thisquestionisdifficult_____(answer). Doyouthinkhimeasy_____(work)with?4.Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.第二十二頁第二十三頁，共33頁。九、簡略回答中省略到什么程度？一般說來，省略結(jié)構(gòu)中帶到to為止，但to后若是主動詞have或be時，必須保留；如果謂語動詞是like則后面的to被省掉。1.---Sorry,Ididn’tfinisheddoingmyhomework..---Yououghttohave.2.Ourschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Youmaygoifyoulike.第二十三頁第二十四頁，共33頁。訓(xùn)練題第二十四頁第二十五頁，共33頁。I.Rewritethesentences,usingthewordsgiventoyou.1.“Whydon’tyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”Iencouragedher_____________________intheplay.2.“Don’tforgettowearyourgloves.It’sfreezing.”Iremindedher______________________asitwasfreezing.3.“Youcan’ttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”Ididnotallowher________________oftreasureaway4.“Whycan’ttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”I’dpreferthem___________somewell-knownsongs5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?I’llhelpyou.”.Ihelpedhim__________________________toplaytheroleofqueentowearherglovestotaketheboxtosing(to)understandthepoem.第二十五頁第二十六頁，共33頁。II.Combinethesesentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson…)Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Let‘sfindsomething…)Let’sfindsomethingtoweightheflesh.3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave…)Whatdoyouhavetosay?4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything…)Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo.第二十六頁第二十七頁，共33頁。III.Completethefollowingsentences:1.Weweresurprised(聽到那個消息)___________________.2.Wehaveto（為了趕第一班火車而起早床）______________________________3.Heisconsidered（是一位偉大的科學(xué)家）_____________________4.Toseeis（才相信）______________.5.Ihave（許多話要說）______________________.6.It’simpossible（對于他來說一個人去）______________________.7.Shepromised

（根本沒犯錯誤）____________________________.8.Ifind（要想理解他很困難）__________________________.9.（為了趕早班車）_________________,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.tohearthenewsgetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.tobeagreatscientist.tobelievealotofwordstosayforhimtogoalonetomakenomistakesatallitdifficulttounderstandhimTocatchthetrain第二十七頁第二十八頁，共33頁。IV.MultipleChoices:1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.A.todoit B.howto

C.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.A.TofeelB.feel

C.feels D.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.A.neverlaughat B.nottolaughat

C.don’tlaughat D.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.A.tobe

B.areC.be D.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.of B.toC.for

D.at

第二十八頁第二十九頁，共33頁。6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.Anotmake BnottomakeCnotmaking Ddonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expected B.toexpectC.tobeexpecting Dexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo B.tohavegone

C.going D.havinggone

第二十九頁第三十頁，共33頁。按要求完成下列句子1.Asaforeignlanguagelearningbeginner,LiHuafindsitdifficult_________________________inaforeignlanguage.(understand)作為一名外語初學(xué)者，李華發(fā)現(xiàn)要想用外語把自己的意思表達清楚不容易。2.Mymother______________________toShanghaitoseeme,butshewastoobusytocome.(intend)我媽媽本打算到上海來看我的，但她太忙了未能來。3..WiththefilmTheAmazingSpider-Ma