學科教師輔導講義教師學科英語學生年級小六課程類型專題課授課時間課題首字母填空教學目標1.了解首字母填空類型的題型：單詞填空&短文填空2.掌握首字母填空的解題方法教學重點/難點首字母填空在具體語境中的運用教學安排環(huán)節(jié)課程類型復習課程第1課時進門測作業(yè)檢查階段知識點梳理第2課時階段訓練第3課時階段重難點梳理重點題型訓練思導總結作業(yè)布置第1課時第1課時進門測進門測一．單詞填空Itdoesn’tlooklikerain,soyouneedn’tb_________yourumbrellawithyou.Imissmyfamilyandreallyfeell________withoutanyfriendsinthisnewcity.Weareplanningtogoonat________toExpo2010Shanghaiduringthecomingholidays.Theh________youclimb,themorebeautifulviewyouwillsee.Treesturngreenandflowerscomeoutins_________.Shewantstobeanactresswhensheg___________up.Ifthere’ssomethingwrongwithyourteeth,you’dbettergotoseead________.Manyteenagerswouldliketos_________theirphotosorarticleswithothersontheInternet.Theboyslikereading.Theyoftenb___________booksfromtheschoollibrary.Myshoesaretooold,Iwanttobuyanewp___________.二．短文填空Therewasanoldmanwholovedmoneyverymuch.Hen

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gaveanythingtoanybody.Aftersomeyearshebecamer

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.Onedayhewaswalkingneartheriverwithhisfriendswhenhefellintotheriver.Hisfriendsrantohelphim.Oneofthemheldouthishandandcried,“Givemeyourhand,andI’llp

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youout！”Therichm

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headwentdownthewatera

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thencameupagain,buthedidnotg

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hishandtohisfriend.Againanotherofhisfriendstried,butagainthes

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thinghappened.Thena

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friend,Nasreddin,said,“TakemyhandandI’llpullyouout!”TherichmantookhishandandNasreddinpulledhimoutofthewater.“Youdon’tknowyourfriendveryw9

.”Nasreddinsaidtotheothers.“Whenyousay‘Give！’tohim,hed

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nothing,butwhenyousay‘Take!’healwaystakes.”Keys:1.never2.rich3.pull4.man’s5.and6.give7.same8.another9.well10.does.作業(yè)檢查作業(yè)檢查階段知識點梳理階段知識點梳理句子中首字母填空題型介紹用所給詞的適當形式填空主要考查學生對基礎知識的掌握程度及靈活運用程度。內容涉及語法、詞匯、慣用法、句型、口語功能等方面。解題技巧分析1.看代表性詞語：比如根據(jù)yesterday,tomorrow等來推斷時態(tài)。2.看時態(tài)：=1\*GB3①如果時間是一般過去時，那么動詞就是過去式；=2\*GB3②如果時間是一般現(xiàn)在時，那么看主語，除第三人稱單數(shù)加s，其他不變；=3\*GB3③如果時間是一般將來時，有will則動詞是原型；=4\*GB3④如果時態(tài)是過去完成時，則動詞為過去分詞。3.看詞性：比如動詞需加副詞,名詞需加形容詞。4.看前面的詞語,根據(jù)常用語法做題。典型例題1.Hisd_______________istobeadoctor.2.Mostpeopleagreethateatingfruitsandv_________isgoodforhealth.3.Hewaslateforclassbecausehem_________thefirstbus.4.Look!Thatismylovelyc.It’srunningafteramouse.5.Pleaseothedoorandcomein.6.Don’trideyourbiketoofinthestreet.It’sverydangerous.7.Becareful.Thereisawineb_______onthetable.Youmightbreakit.8.It’sdangeroustod________acarafteryougetdrunk.9.It’sbesttowaterplantseithere________inthemorningorlateatnight.10.Wedon’tgotothec________muchformoviesbecausewehaveavideo.【答案】1.dream 2.vegetables 3.miss 4.cat 5.open 6.fast7.beside 8.drive 9.early10.cinema 第第2課時階段訓練階段訓練名詞名詞需注意判斷名詞的數(shù)，如不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞的單復數(shù)等，及名詞所有格。（一）地點Mymomisn’tfeelingwellsoIwilltakehertotheh.Doyouthinkitisgoodforatoliveinthezoo?Lindaisanurse.Sheworksinah__________.Youcanborrowbooksfromtheschooll________.Studentsmustobey(遵守)schoolr_________atschool.Therearelotsofbeautifulf_______inthegarden.Heisthemanagerofoneofthelargestc_________intheworld.IwanttotakeBusNo.9.Butwhere′sthebuss________?It’saboutfivekfrommyhometothecity.（二）節(jié)日September10thisT_______Day.JunefirstisCDay.Women’sDayisonMeighth.DecembertisChristmas.ChineseusuallyplanttreesonMarcht.地點（locations）地點（locations）家home房間room臥室bedroom衛(wèi)生間bathroom起居室livingroom廚房kitchen教室classroom學校school公園park圖書館library郵局postoffice醫(yī)院hospital電影院cinema書店bookstore農場farm動物園zoo花園garden書房study操場playground食堂canteen教師辦公室teacher’soffice體育館gym衛(wèi)生間washroom公寓flat公司company工廠factory 水果攤fruitstand 寵物商店petshop自然公園park主題公園themepark科學博物館sciencemuseum長城theGreatWall超市supermarket銀行bank國家country 鄉(xiāng)村village 城市city人物（people）人物（people）朋友friend男孩boy女孩girl母親mother父親father 姐妹sister兄弟brother叔叔；舅舅uncle男人man女人woman女士lady父母parents（外）祖母grandma/grandmother（外）祖父grandpa/grandfather姑姑aunt兒子son嬰兒baby堂（表）兄弟姐妹cousin小孩kid同學classmate女王queen參觀者visitor鄰居neighbour校長principal大學生universitystudent筆友penpal旅行者tourist人物people機器人robot景物(nature)景物(nature)河流river湖泊lake河;溪stream森林forest小道path公路road房子house橋bridge建筑物building雨rain云cloud太陽sun山mountain天空sky彩虹rainbow風wind空氣air植物(plants)植物(plants)花flower草grass樹tree種子seed植物plant玫瑰rose葉子leaf代詞代詞主要從人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，不定代詞幾方面考慮，有時還考慮用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)形式。（一）不定代詞N________ofmyparentscanspeakEnglish.BofthegirlsinClassFourareplayinggames.復合不定代詞Isehere?E________beginstogrowinspring.Heisnotbusy.Hehasntodo.Listen!Sissinginginthenextroom.反身代詞Helpy_____tosomemeat,Mary.Helpy__________tosomechicken,boysandgirls.Mymothermadethecakebyh____________.人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)人稱主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主形容詞性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代詞myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselvessomebody某人anybody任何人nobody沒人everybody每人someone某人anyone任何人noone沒人everyone每人something某物anything任何事物nothing沒東西everything每件事單數(shù)復數(shù)這是thisthese那是thatthose兩者三者以上都bothall都不neithernone任何一個eitherany【拓展】Youdon’tneedtoworry,becauseegoesquitewell.Thereiss________wrongwiththecomputer.【真題鏈接】---CanIhaveadrink?---Pleasehelpy_________.Thereissomeorangejuiceinthefridge.Thelittleboyquicklyfinishedanappleandaskedfora_________.Itseemedthathelikedapplesverymuch.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞（一）基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞Readthesen,please.Yes,one,two…Thursdayisthefdayinwesterncountries.Atf,shewasstronglyagainstus.Butlatersheagreedwithus.Decemberisthet________monthofayear.ThenmonthisSeptember.Look!Thereareh_______ofpeoplebeforeus.Whenwillitbeourturn?Thenumberaftertwenty-nineist________.秒分時天月季年Sisthefirstdayofaweekinwesterncountries.A_______comesaftersummer.Thereisac________onthewall.Nowit‘shalfpastnine.ThemonthbeforeSeptemberisA_______.Ittakeshertenmtowalktoschooleveryday.Therearesixtym________inanhour.Thereare28or29daysinF_________I’llbebackinanh________.秒second分minute秒second分minute小時hour星期(week)星期一Monday星期二Tuesday星期三Wednesday星期四Thursday星期五Friday星期六Saturday星期日Sunday周末weekend月份(months)January(Jan.)一月份February(Feb.)二月份March(Mar.)三月份April四月份May五月份June六月份July七月份August(Aug.)八月份September(Sept.)九月份October(Oct.)十月份November(Nov.)十一月December(Dec.)十二月季節(jié)（seasons）Spring春天summer夏天autumn/fall秋天winter冬天名詞名詞需注意判斷名詞的數(shù)，如不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞的單復數(shù)等，及名詞所有格。（一）地點Mymomisn’tfeelingwellsoIwilltakehertotheh.Doyouthinkitisgoodforatoliveinthezoo?Lindaisanurse.Sheworksinah__________.Youcanborrowbooksfromtheschooll________.Studentsmustobey(遵守)schoolr_________atschool.Therearelotsofbeautifulf_______inthegarden.Heisthemanagerofoneofthelargestc_________intheworld.IwanttotakeBusNo.9.Butwhere′sthebuss________?It’saboutfivekfrommyhometothecity.（二）節(jié)日September10thisT_______Day.JunefirstisCDay.Women’sDayisonMeighth.DecembertisChristmas.ChineseusuallyplanttreesonMarcht.地點（locations）地點（locations）家home房間room臥室bedroom衛(wèi)生間bathroom起居室livingroom廚房kitchen教室classroom學校school公園park圖書館library郵局postoffice醫(yī)院hospital電影院cinema書店bookstore農場farm動物園zoo花園garden書房study操場playground食堂canteen教師辦公室teacher’soffice體育館gym衛(wèi)生間washroom公寓flat公司company工廠factory 水果攤fruitstand 寵物商店petshop自然公園park主題公園themepark科學博物館sciencemuseum長城theGreatWall超市supermarket銀行bank國家country 鄉(xiāng)村village 城市city人物（people）人物（people）朋友friend男孩boy女孩girl母親mother父親father 姐妹sister兄弟brother叔叔；舅舅uncle男人man女人woman女士lady父母parents（外）祖母grandma/grandmother（外）祖父grandpa/grandfather姑姑aunt兒子son嬰兒baby堂（表）兄弟姐妹cousin小孩kid同學classmate女王queen參觀者visitor鄰居neighbour校長principal大學生universitystudent筆友penpal旅行者tourist人物people機器人robot景物(nature)景物(nature)河流river湖泊lake河;溪stream森林forest小道path公路road房子house橋bridge建筑物building雨rain云cloud太陽sun山mountain天空sky彩虹rainbow風wind空氣air植物(plants)植物(plants)花flower草grass樹tree種子seed植物plant玫瑰rose葉子leaf形容詞形容詞（一）Youmustbeccrossingtheroad.Theglassisn’tempty.It’sfofmilk.I'mh__________.Iwantsomethingtoeat.Skatingish__________forme.Ican’tdoit.Thereissomethingw__________withmycomputer.Itdoesn’twork.Becareful!Youaretooctothefire.Howf___________isitfromtheearthtothemoon?Beq_______,please.There’sonlyfiveminutes.小結：be+形容詞（二）LiuTaolikesmakingm_____________planes.Igotafticket.Itsavedmesomemoney.小結：a/an+形容詞.+名詞單數(shù)或形容詞+名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞（三）Theboysoftenrunf______________thanthegirls.Isthemonkeymorecthantheelephant?S_______orlateryou’llfindyourbikesomewhere.Thisstoryismuchmorei_________thanthatone.小結：形容詞的比較級（than）氣象(weather)氣象(weather)寒冷的cold溫暖的warm涼爽的cool下雪的snowy晴朗的sunny炎熱的hot下雨的rainy有風的windy多云的cloudy天氣預報weatherreport副詞副詞（一）頻度副詞Idon’tlikefilms,soIsgotothecinema.Mymumneatsbananas.Shedoesn’tlikethematall.MarysometimesclimbsBaiyunHilltwithfriends.Mostofthepeopleweresoyoungthattheyhadh_______anyexperience.IamsohungryatthemomentthatIr________wanttohavesomethingtoeat.頻度副詞：總是always通常、經(jīng)常usually/often頻度副詞：總是always通常、經(jīng)常usually/often有時sometimes很少seldom從不never一次/兩次/三次once/twice/threetimes幾乎不hardly一起together真地really（二）行為副詞：OnSundays,childrenplayh_____inthepark.Walkq_______!Thebabyisasleep.Wealllaughedl_______whenSusanmadeajoke.小結：行為副詞一般用來修飾動詞，跟在動詞之后。動詞動詞動詞變化形式較為復雜，一般有五種：動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去式和過去分詞?？删C合考查考生運用英語知識的能力。（一）WillyoumtoShanghaiwithyourparentsnextweek?Iwillgfromtheprimaryschoolinseveralmonths.Mybicycleisbroken.Ican’tr__________it.Ican’tfmybook.Canyoucthenumbers?Don’tw.Icanhelpyou.Ifyouuseamobilephoneinclass,theteacherwillt_______itaway.Doesyoursisteroftenw_______dishesafterdinnerathome?C_______thedoorwhenyougoout,please.小結：情態(tài)動詞（will/would/can/could/shall/should/may/must）+動詞原形3D（Do/Does/Did/don’t/doesn’t/didn’t）+動詞原形祈使句用動詞原形開頭（二）Thechildrenarepfortheparty.Ican’tfindmyEnglishbook.NowI’ml__________forit.小結：現(xiàn)在進行時：be+doing（三）It‘stoohot.Let’sgos___________intheriver.小結：固定搭配go+doing“去做…”，如goshopping/fishing/boating/swimming/skating/skiing/hiking（四）Thefoodtdelicious.Youareagreatcook.Theplansgood,butwedon’thaveenoughtimetocarryitout(執(zhí)行).小結：感官動詞+形容詞（sound/feel/taste/smell/look）（五）LastSundayIisomefriendstomyhomefordinner.Myunclebahousewithabeautifulgardeninfrontofitlastyear.Theheavyrainlmorethanaweek.Manyanimalsdiedfromcold.Afterwetriedmanytimes,themanfinallyatoletusentertheroom.Igotuplatethismorning.Imthefirstbus.Shesaidshee________livinginthecountry.Ioftens________athomeandlistentomusic.小結：主語后接謂語，一般由動詞充當謂語。此時，注意動詞時態(tài)的正確運用。介詞介詞You’dbetterstayo.Thesmellintheroomisdisgusting(惡心的)Thetoiletisntothecinema.Jimhasanewwatch.It’sfhisparents.Standbyourparents,please.Tonydoesn’tlikesoapopera.Howa_______you?Marysitsinf______ofmeintheclassroom.Theywenti________theroomandsawtheirgrandfather.【拓展】ThereareusuallymoreflightstoChicagodthewinter.Youcan’tbuythingswmoney.Don'tdoanythinga___________thelaw(法律).介詞(prep.)介詞(prep.)在…里in 在…上;在…時候on 在…下面under在…后邊behind 在…的旁邊near/beside 與…相鄰nextto在…附近closeto在…上面over/above在…前面infrontof來自from去to在…期間during在…之內/里面inside在…范圍之外outside用；隨著；和…一起：with沒有without支持；給；為了；因為for反對，違反against連詞連詞若前后兩個詞或句子存在轉折，因果，并列，選擇等關系，一般應填連詞。Icouldn’tunderstandtheoldmanuyoutellmewhathesaid.Shedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdayb________shewasill.Thefootballmatchwentont______itwasrainingheavily.A______________theyarepoor,theyarelivingaveryhappylife.Herfatherdidn’tgotobedu__________shecamehome.和，表順接and但是，表轉折but雖然though/although和，表順接and但是，表轉折but雖然though/although直到until因為because所以so第第3課時階段重難點梳理階段重難點梳理首字母填空是小升初考試中常考的題型之一，也是近幾年各省、市中考題經(jīng)常采用的題型之一，這種題難度相對較大，考生失分現(xiàn)象嚴重。下面就講一講做這類題的方法與技巧。首字母填空屬于能力測試的范疇，它能全面考查學生的英語水平。這類測試要求學生不僅要具備一定的詞匯量、句型和語法等方面的知識，還要求學生有一定的閱讀能力，能靈活運用所掌握的語言知識去分析語篇。常用的答題技巧如下：1.通讀全文，掌握大意每篇短文必然是有邏輯性的，短文段落之間必然承上啟下、前呼后應。因此通讀全文是必要的，目的是對文章有個全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。反之，只在一點、一處做文章的話，會導致斷章取義。但我們要注意通讀全文只要能了解短文的大意即可，細節(jié)不理解可以跳過，切忌逐字逐句的反復細讀。在閱讀時要特別注意一篇文章的開頭（一般不設空）和結尾，它們能提供主要的信息，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。2.認真分析，巧填單詞我們在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通讀短文，目的是對短文有更進一步的了解。要想填出每個空的單詞，我們要注意以下方面：（1）依據(jù)習慣用法與固定搭配進行填詞：【如】…W______

hishelp,theoldmanwassafe.Theboythankedhimverymuch.從句意我們就知道是“在他的幫助下”，withhishelp.（2）依據(jù)語法知識進行填詞：【如】…Itwasal______

earlier.從句中的earlier可以看出它是比較級，我們應該會想到修飾形容詞比較級有哪些詞，前面有a,那肯定就是little.（3）依據(jù)常識的積累進行填詞：【如】…Butitwastoolate.Hisfriendwasveryangry.Mr.Whitesaidnothingbutonlyoneword“S_______

.”Mr.White遲到了，他的朋友很生氣，他什么都沒說，只說了一個字“S______

.”我們根據(jù)常識肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.（4）依據(jù)邏輯推理與句意理解進行填詞：【如】OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehisnewcartohisfriend'shousehappily.Hewantedtop_____

hisfriendupatfiveandthenwenttoseeanewmovietogether.根據(jù)句意，Mr.White高興地開著車去他的朋友家，然后一起去看電影，我們可以進行邏輯推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.★上面所說的四個方面，我們在填詞時一定要注意上、下文的關系，這對于把握文章的整體意義大有用處。另外，要學會跳讀，即對不理解的地方采用暫時回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解決的方法。我們在有困難的填空中，可以嘗試口頭翻譯句子的意思，把它前后的句子的意思聯(lián)系一起，而且翻譯的時候盡量是有聲的，我們盡量通過不同的途徑來刺激大腦的運轉。3.細心檢查，避免疏漏完成填空以后最關鍵的一點是要細心檢查每一個填空處是否有筆誤或是疏漏的地方。有些考生為自己全部填出了答案而沾沾自喜，根本沒想到不是缺了一個“'”少了“s”，就是忘了加“-ed”，這是很可惜的。因為他理解了意思、看懂了題目，但因粗心而“大意失荊州”。細心檢查，反復回讀，就能減少疏漏，提高做題的正確率。首字母填空三步走：一、通讀全文（對全文大意有了解，而不是盲目地讀，學會跳讀，對不理解的地方可以暫時跳過去，不要管它）二、認真分析，填寫單詞（在了解大意的情況下，開始一邊閱讀一邊做題。在閱讀的過程中要注意根據(jù)上下文的意思，進行猜測，找出關鍵詞、短語或句子，還要結合所給單詞的首字母進行填空，并注意單詞的正確形式）三、通讀全文，進行檢查做這類題目要注意：1、單詞量2、一定要根據(jù)上下文的關系進行判斷。可以采用以下方法進行做題：(1)根據(jù)習慣用法和固定搭配來進行填空(2)根據(jù)語法知識來做題(3)根據(jù)常識積累來做題3、利用詞性幫助判斷4、注意檢查重點題型訓練重點題型訓練（一）

Thereare

s__1____studentsinmygroup.Sam’sbirthdayisinJ___2____.It’sthefirstm__3____oftheyear.Ruth’sbirthdayisinM__4____.It’safterWomen’sDay.JackwasbornonJ__5___1.It’salsoChildren’sDay.WillandTinawereborninthet___6___month---O____7_____.

Theyareproud（自豪的）theyhavethesameb___8____asourcountry.Mybirthdayisinthelastmonth---D__9______.W__10___isyourbirthday?Canyoutellus?Keys:1.six

2.January

3.month

4.March

5.June

6.tenth

7.October

8.birthday

9.December

10.When（二）

Thereare12m___1_____inayear.Indifferentmonths,wehavedifferente___2_____.Ourschool’sbirthdayisS___3_____1.it’sthen__4____monthoftheyear.SowehaveSchoolDayinthatmonth.ThereareC___5____andNewYear’sDayinDecember.SowehaveArtF___6___inthemonth.AndwealsohaveM___7____Party.Atthepartywecanlistentoourf__8____songs.W___9___isourschooltrip?It’sinMarchorA___10.___.It’sspring.It’swarm.Keys:1.months

2.events

3.Septemer

4.ninth

5.Christmas

6.Festival

7.Music

8.favorite

9.When

10.April（三）

Ihavefourgoodf__1____.They’reJennifer,Victor,CindyandLeila.Weareinthes__2____class.Sowe’rec___3______,too.Jenniferswimsverywell,shewantstojointhes____4____club.ThenshecanswimonS___5____orSundays.Victorwantstojointheartclubbecauseheisgoodatp___6______.Cindyisapopmusicfan.Shecansingalotofs___7___.Soshewantstojointhes___8____club.Leilawantstojointhemusicclubbecauseshep__9____theviolinverywell.Andshewantstobeam___10____whenshegrowsup.Ilikethem.Keys:1.friends

2.same

3.classmates

4.swimming

5.Saturdays

6.painting

7.songs

8.singing

9.plays

10.musician

（四） ThanksgivingDayisonthefourthThursdayofNovember.It'soneofthemosti__Americanh_____.Inmyfamily,wealwaysgotomygrandmother'shouseo__ThanksgivingDay.Allmyaunts,unclesandcousinscometogether.Wesometimesinvitesomefriendst___joinus.Everyoneisgladtomeetotherpeople.Thewomenarebusyh___mygrandmother.Themensitdowntow____afootballmatchonTV.ATaboutfouro'clockwehaved____.Afterdinner,wetalkorplaygamesuntilitist____togohome.Itisalwaysdifficulttol_____becauseThanksgivingDayisoneofthefewdaysoftheyearwhenthew____familygettogetherKeys:1.important2.holidays3.on4.to5.helping6.watch7.dinner8.time9.leave10.whole思導總結思導總結作業(yè)布置作業(yè)布置第一關MyhistravellingandIoftentravelaroundonholidays.Iwanttosendalettertoyou.Pleasetellmeyoura.I’mgoodatphysicsandIwanttobeaneinthefuture.Mybrotherlikescarsalot.Heoftenreadsmaboutcars.WangNanplaystabletverywell.MyfriendLilycomestoseemet_________aweek.Youmustr_________themagazinestothelibraryintwoweeks.Happybirthday!Here’sap__________foryou.Housesareveryeinthisarea.Thechildrenareplayingaveryigame.第二關Idon’tlikegoingoutaafterdark.Theparkisc______totheschool.Heoftenlistenstother______inhissparetime.Theywenttothec______lastSunday.CanItakeam__________forJohn?It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanu_____