第三章句型轉(zhuǎn)換Sheisthetalleststudentinherclass.表述同一意思，可以用多種不同的表達(dá)方式。這在Sheistallerthananyotherstudentsinher英語學(xué)習(xí)中體現(xiàn)為運(yùn)用不同句型來表述同一意思。細(xì)微class.而言，表述同一意思的各個(gè)不同句型各有其語義上的傾Sheistallerthananyoftheotherstudents重點(diǎn)；但一般情況下，尤其是對(duì)初學(xué)者而言，這種細(xì)微inherclass.的“異”并不要求強(qiáng)調(diào)。換言之，是要求從“同”的角Sheistallerthananyoneelseinherclass.度來看待表述同一意思的不同句型。本章擬以列舉實(shí)例Nooneistallerthansheinherclass.的方式來作一綜合介紹。Nooneisastallassheinherclass.一、一句多講11.晚飯后他們繼續(xù)做作業(yè)。1.今天天氣怎么樣？Aftersupper,theywentondoingtheirhomework.Howistheweathertoday?Aftersupper,theywentaheadwiththeirhomework.Whatistheweatherliketoday?Aftersupper,theywentonwiththeirhomework.2.你怎么啦？12.他們準(zhǔn)備吃中飯了。Whatisthematterwithyou?Theyaregettingreadyforlunch.What'syourtrouble?Theyaregettingreadytohavelunch.What'swrongwithyou?13.我將盡力幫助你。3.是上學(xué)的時(shí)候了。I'lltrymybesttohelpyou.It'stimeforschool.I'lldomybesttohelpyou.It'stimetogotoschool.14.他急急忙忙趕到家。4.這男孩今天16歲了。Hehurriedhome.Theboyissixteen(yearsold).Hewenthomeinahurry.Theboyisattheageofsixteen.Hewenthomehurriedly.Heisaboyofsixteen.15.他好像知道這件事情。5.我把門打開你不介意吧？Heseemstoknowaboutit.DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?Itseemsthatheknowsaboutit.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?16.我父母都不忙。6.他每天花1小時(shí)做作業(yè)。Neithermyfathernormymotherisbusy.Ittakeshimanhourtodohishomeworkeveryday.Neitherofmyparentsisbusy.Hespendsanhour(in)doinghishomeworkeveryday.Bothofmyparentsarefree.Hespendsanhouronhishomeworkeveryday.17.她害怕晚上一個(gè)人出去。7.自從1992年以來上海發(fā)生了巨大的變化。Shefearstogooutaloneatnight.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghaisince1992.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.TherehavebeengreatchangesinShanghaisince1992.Sheisafraidtogooutbyherselfatnight.Shanghaihaschangedalotsince1992.Sheisfrightenedtogooutaloneatnight.8.她的父親去世5年了。18.他不僅對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣，而且對(duì)英語也感興趣。Herfatherdiedfiveyearsago.Herfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.HeisinterestednotonlyinmathsbutalsoItisfiveyearssinceherfatherdied.inEnglish.(這里用Ithasbeenfiveyears亦可。)Heisinterestedbothinmathsandin9.我沒有鋼筆和鉛筆。English.Ihavenopensandnopencils.HeisinterestedinEnglishaswellasinIhaveneitherpensnorpencils.maths.Ihavenopensorpencils.HeisinterestedinEnglishandinmathsaswell.(no=notany,所以可用notany代替no)19.他們是昨天到上海的。Ihaven'tanypensorpencils.TheyarrivedinShanghaiyesterday.10.她是班級(jí)中個(gè)子最高的。TheyreachedShanghaiyesterday.1.givesb.sth.1.givesb.sth.givesth.tosb.TheygottoShanghaiyesterday.20.他需要幫助。Heneedshelp.Heisinneedofhelp.他叔叔上次乘火車去北京。HisunclewenttoBeijingbytrainlasttime.HisuncletookatraintoBeijinglasttime.HisunclewenttoBeijingonatrainlasttime.這機(jī)器沒有毛病。There'snothingwrongwiththemachine.Thereisn'tanythingwrongwiththemachine.Nothingiswrongwiththemachine.二、雙賓語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

setout一setoff一starthaveabadcough一coughalotalloverthecountry-throughoutthecountryalltheworld-thewholeworldbysuppertime一beforesupperasksb.torepairsth.一havesth.repaired四、動(dòng)詞與名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換apologizetosomebody-makeanapologytosomebodypromisetodo一makeapromisetodowalk-haveawalk-takeawalklook-have（take）alooktalk-haveatalkreadsomething-dosomereadingwashsomething-dosomewashingcleansomething-dosomecleaning五、復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句handsb.sth.handsth.tosb.showsth.tosb.passsth.tosb.lendsth.tosb.bringsth.tosb.sendsth.tosb.drawsth.forsb.makesth.forsb.handsb.sth.handsth.tosb.showsth.tosb.passsth.tosb.lendsth.tosb.bringsth.tosb.sendsth.tosb.drawsth.forsb.makesth.forsb.showsb.sth.passsb.sth.lendsb.sth.bringsb.sth.sendsb.sth.drawsb.sth.makesb.sth.buysb.sth.buysth.forsb.singsb.sth.singsth.forsb.三、近義詞或詞組之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

（一）狀語從句--不定式so...thatcan--enoughtoso.thatcan*too.to或not.enoughtoTheboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Tomissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.Tomisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.inorderthat—inordertoHegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.about一orso一aroundatonce一rightnow一immediatelybefullof-befilledwithcircle一movearoundcatch一understand一followcatchacold一haveacold一getacoldbeill一besick8.°?makesomething+形容詞—getsomething+形容詞lookout一becarefulhowabout一whataboutfinally一atlast一intheendmorethan一overhappen一takeplacelookafter一takecareofnolonger一not…anylongerchangeinto一turninto】7.aftertwentyminutes-twentyminuteslagernearly一almostrainhard一rainheavily

Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.（二）賓語從句一一不定式（賓語從句用疑問詞引導(dǎo)）Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddo.Idon'tknowwhattodo.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothestation.Idon'tknowhowtogettothestation.Theywanttoknowwheretheywillgo.Theywanttoknowwheretogo.（二）賓語從句一一現(xiàn)在分詞短語（seesb.doingsth.）Theysawthatanoldmanwasrunningafterthedoginthestreet.Theysawanoldmanrunningafterthedoginthestreet.Ifeltthatthehousewasshaking.Ifeltthehouseshaking.六、并列句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閺?fù)合句（一）用so連接的并列句一一原因狀語從句注意因果關(guān)系）Hegotuplate,sohedidn'tgotoschoolontimeyesterday.Hedidn'tgotoschoolontimeyesterdaybecausehegotuplate.Mr.Blackwasill,soshewastakingoveraclassforhim.ShewastakingoveraclassforMr.Blackbecausehewasill.（二）用but連接的并列句--讓步狀語從句Jennywasagoodgirl,butshehadashortcoming.ThoughJennywasagoodgirl,shehadashortcoming.ZhangLinglikesEnglish,butheneedshelp.Though/AlthoughZhangLinglikesEnglish,heneedshelp.（二）條件狀語從句--祈使句，and/or+簡(jiǎn)單句Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindaway.Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llmissthetrain.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.七、狀語從句間的轉(zhuǎn)變（意義相同）（—）when,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句一一not...untilIwillbelieveitwhenIhearitwithmyownears.Iwon'tbelieveituntilIhearitwithmyownears.2.Theylefttheclassroomaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.Theydidn'tleavetheclassroomuntiltheyfinishedtheirwork.（二）以ifnot引導(dǎo)的狀語從句--unless從句Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llbelate.You'llbelateunlessyouhurry.Ifyoudon'tworkhard,youwon'tpasstheexam.Youwon'tpasstheexamunlessyouworkhard.Exercise一、把下列簡(jiǎn)單句改成復(fù)合句，或把復(fù)合句改成簡(jiǎn)單句Couldyoutellmehowtogotothenearesthospital?Wedon'tknowhowwecanhelphim.Haveyoudecidedwhereyouaregoingtospendyourholidays?Ihavenoideawhentohaveasportsmeet.Howtodomoregooddeedsforthepeopleisabigproblem.Hesetoffsoearlythathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Heistallenoughtoreachthetable.Theroomistoosmallforustolivein.二、按要求改寫句子：1.Iknewnothingaboutitbeforehetoldme.（用not.until改寫）Hedoesn'tstudyEnglish.Hisbrotherdoesn'tstudyEnglish,either.（用neither.nor改寫）Myfathergoestobedlate,butgetsupearly.（改為復(fù)合句）Mikeisold,butheisstrong.（改為復(fù)合句）Listentotheteachercarefully,andyouwillunderstandhim.（改為復(fù)合句）Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.（改為復(fù)合句）Thefilmissointerestingthatweallenjoyit.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）Thoughyouhavedonewrong,youaretrulysorryaboutit.（改為并列句）Ihaven'tbeentoBeijing,soIwillgothereformyholidays.（改為復(fù)合句）AttheageoftenhebegantostudyEnglish.（改為復(fù)合句）Isanelephantbiggerthanahorse?（改為并列句）Wesawthatshewasdancingintheclassroom.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）Ifyoudon'tdotheseexercisesyourself,you14.15.16.17.18.19.20.三、1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.willlearnnothing.（用unless改成復(fù)合句）Amapisonpagefive.（用therebe改寫）Sheisfrightenedtogothroughtheforestalone.（用beafraidtodo改寫）Theyareveryhappytoseeeachother.（用it形式主語改寫）Heapologizedforbreakingthewindow.（用賓語從句改寫）IhopethatIwillpasstheexamthistime.（用簡(jiǎn)單句改寫）Itseemsthatheisadoctor.（用he作主語改寫）Askhimhisage.（用賓語從句改寫）填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使上下句句意相同（每格一詞）：Whatiswrongwithyou?Whatisthewithyou?What'syour?Hashepaidyouthemoney?Hashepaidthemoneyyou?Sheboughtmeamagazineonherwayhome.Sheboughtamagazinemeonherwayhome.TheChangjiangRiverisamongthelongestriversintheworld.TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriversintheworld.Sheisthecleverestgirlinherclass.Sheisthananyothergirlinherclass.Onlyonedayhaspassedsincehecamehome.Itonlysincehecamehome.It'stimeforthemeeting,Robert!It'stimeRobertameeting.Iopenthewindow,doyoumind?Doyoumindmythewindow?Aclockhasnolegsandnoarms.