聽力速記符號匯編

慣用速記箭頭匯編

g1.表達至1」達、傳達：gointo,arriveat,giveto,sendto,presenttoetc.

2.表達導致、引導：leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.

3.表達屈服：submitto

f1.表達來自于：be/comefrom，return，receivefrom，etc.

2.表達追溯到：come/gobackto,originate

h1.表達上升.：up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend,etc.

2.表達發(fā)射、投放市場、發(fā)行：launch,open,start,etc.

3.表達發(fā)展、加強、推動：develop,strengthen,promote,etc

表達“波折"：upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.

慣用速記數(shù)學符號匯編：

+表達“多"：many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.

++(+2)表達“多”比較級：more

+3表達“多”最高檔：most

—表達“少"：little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.

X表達"錯誤"、"失誤”和“壞”概念：wrong/incorrect,somethingbad,notorious,

negative,etc.

>1.表達“多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.

2.表達"高"概念：superiorto,surpass,etc.

<1.表達“少于"概念：less/smaller,etc.

2.表達“低"概念：inferiorto,etc.

=1.表達“同等”概念：means,thatistosay,inotherwords,thesameas,

beequalto,etc.

2.表達“對手”概念：amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.

()表達“在..之間”：among,within,etc.

W1.表達"不同"概念：bedifferentfrom,etc.

2.表達“無敵”概念:matchless,peerless,etc.

~表達“大概"概念：about/around,orso,approximately,etc.

/表達“否定"，“消除”等概念：crossout,eliminate,etc.

1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference：

AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.

Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath-thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

5=sum

f=frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf=compare

e.g.=example

dept=department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol=politics

dem=democracy

lib=liberal

cap=capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable,

pres=presentation

subj=subject

ind=individual

cons=conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizable

abbreviation.

assocassociate

biol=biology

info二information

ach=achievement

chem=chemistry

max=maximum

intro=introduction

cone=concentration

min=minimum

rep=repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonofthe

word.

ppd=prepared

prblm=problem

estmt=estimate

bkgd=background

gvt=government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am*t=amount

cont'd=continued

gov't=government

educat'l=educational

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts=chapters

egs=examples

fs=frequencies

intros=introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg=checking

estg=establishing

decrg=decreasing

exptg二experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewith

shorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substitute

initialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,Centerfor

AerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&=and

w/with

w/owithout

vs=against

\=therefore

==isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb=German,forexample

ibid=Latin,thesamework

o=degrees

H2O=water

Morereference：

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples：

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples：

egexample

ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment

UKUnitedKingdom

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples：

marmarketing

cuscustomer

cliclient

Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples：

subjsubject

budgbudget

indindividual

Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableofthe

word,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples：

tech'gytechnology

gen'iongeneralisation

del'ydelivery

Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.

Examples：

assocassociated

achachievement

infoinformation

Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantsto

providearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples：

bkgdbackground

mvmtmovement

prblmproblem

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples：

custscustomers

fsfrequencies

/sratios

Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples：

decrgdecreasing

ckgchecking

estblgestablishing

Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples：

in

but

as

key

Leaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples：

is

was

were

Leaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples：

a

an

the

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkor

meeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisused

again.Example：

JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACB

Usesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples：

@at

2to

4for

&and

w/with

w/owithout

vsagainst

Createyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelop

separatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.

OtherSymbolsandAbbreviations

asaresultof/consequencesof<—>

resultingin—>

and/also+

equalto/sameas=

followingff

mostimportantly*

lessthan<

greaterthan>especiallyesp/

一、縮略詞

英語當中縮略詞使用頻率很高，如IMP：important,ASAP：assoonaspossible。

很顯然如果能純熟掌握縮略詞，會對考試大有裨益。

縮略詞寫法普通為四種方式：

F拿掉所有元音

MKT：market

MGR：manager

MSG：message

STD：standard

RCV：receive

F保存前幾種字母

INFOinformation

INSinsurance

EXCHexchange

IoweyouIOU

InsteadofI/O

F保存開頭和結(jié)尾個發(fā)音字母

WKweek

RMroom

PLpeople

F依照發(fā)音

Rare

THOthough

THRUthrough

高檔口譯聽力慣用英語縮略詞表

縮略詞原詞

APTApartment

ACCAccountant

ACDGAccording

ACPTAccept

ADAdvertisement

ADSAddress

ADVAdvice

AMAPAsmuch/manyaspossible

AMTAmount

APVApprove

ASAPAssoonaspossible

BALBalance

BLDGBuilding

CERTCertificate

CFAAConform

CNCLCancel

CNFConference

CMICommission

CMPComplete

CAAPECompete/competitive

CMUCommunication

CONCConcern/concerning/concerned

CONDCondition

CO.Company

DEPTDepartment

DISCDiscount

DPTDeparture

EXCHExchange

EXPLNExplain

EXTExtent

FLTFlight

FNTFinal

FRTFreight

FYRForyourreference

GDGood

GUARGuarantee

H.O.Homeoffice

INFOInformation

IMPSImpossible

IAAP(T)Important

INCDInclude

INDIVIndividual

INSInsurance

INTSTInterested

I/OInsteadof

IOUIoweyou

IVOInviewof

MANUFManufacture

MDLModel

MEMOMemorandum

MGRManger

MINMinimum

AAKTMarket

MSGMessage

NCRyNecessary

NLTNolaterthan

OBSObserve

OBTObtain

ORDOrdinary

PATPatent

PCPiece

PKGPacking

PLPeople

PLSPlease

POSNPosition

POSS(BL)Possible

PRODProduct

QLTYQuality

QU”Quantity

RCVReceive

REFReference

REGLRegular

REPRepresentative

RESNReservation

RPTRepeat

RESPONResponsible

SECSection

SITNSituation

STDStandard

TELTelephone

TEMPTemporary

TGMTelegraph

THOThough

TKSThanks

TRDTrade

TRFTraffic

TTLTotal

uYou

URYour

WKWeek

WLWill

WTWeight

XLExtralarge

二、字母、圖像

Z表達”人"people/person,由于"Z“看上去像個人頭，它普通被寫在一種詞或符

號右上角。例如：日本人：JZo

C表達政府，統(tǒng)治：government,govern希臘字母C讀/ga：ma/,近似

governments因此就用C來表達govern,government。governmentalofficial

可以表達為CL

P表達政治：politics,pol汁ical希臘字母P讀/pai/,近似pol汁ics,politicaL那

么pol汁ician就可以表達為PZ

E表達總數(shù)：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosum

up,ect.E數(shù)學符號表達總值。

G表達效率：efficient,effectiveoG為效率符號。

Q表達“通貨膨脹"：inflation由于這個符號酷似一種上升氣球。

A表達農(nóng)業(yè)：agriculture,agriculture經(jīng)慣用到，因此用首字母代替。

B表達商業(yè):business。

Cx表達沖突,矛盾：conflict,confrontation"6"中”'表達反對，字母”C”將

反對概念縮小為conflict和confrontation。

W表達工作，職業(yè)：work,employ等。它是work第一種字母。因此WZ就可

以用來表達worker,而W（Z在字母上方表達employer,在字母下方表達

employee）。

i表達工業(yè)：industry,industrial字母i像只煙囪，因此用來可以用來表達工

業(yè)。

UU看酷似一種酒杯，在筆記中表達合同、合同（treaty,agreement）普通只

有在談判成功、合同成交后才會表達“舉杯祝賀'如果在U內(nèi)填入2訂訂，就可

以表達為bilateral（雙邊），填入3表達為trilateral（三邊）。填入在U中填入1

表達：Unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m（multiple）表達多邊主義。如果在U

上加一種表達談判破裂。

0表達"國家"、"民族"、"領土"等：counlry,state,nation,etc.gO表達進口，

0g表達出口

這個符號酷似一把椅子，可以表達主持、主辦：那

chair,host,presideover0

么在此符號上加Z表達主席，主持人：chairman,host,etc.

T表達“領導人"：leader,headaK么headofgovernment,headofcompany便

可以表達為CT

O圓圈表達一種圓桌，中間一點表達一盆花，這個符號就可以表達會議、開會等:

meeting,conference,negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium

k這個符號看上像條魚，因此表達“捕魚業(yè)”等合fishery關于詞匯。

0圓圈代表地球，橫線表達赤道，因此這個符號就可以表達國際、世界、全球等：

international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.

J表達開心：pleasant,joyful,happy,excited,etc.

L表達不滿、氣憤unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.

EO表達聽到、總所周之：asweallknow,asisknowntoalLasyouhavealready

heardof,etc.

0表達漠不關懷、無動于衷：indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,don'tcare

much,etc.

三、箭頭

g表達至ij達、傳達：gointo,arriveat,giveto,sendto,presenttoetc.

表達導致、引導：leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.

表達屈服：submitto

f表達來自于：be/comefrom,return,receivefrom,etc.

表達追溯到：come/gobackto,originate

h表達上升：up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend,etc.

表達發(fā)射、投放市場、發(fā)行：launch,open,start,etc.

表達發(fā)展、加強、推動：develop,strengthen,promote,etc

表達"波折"：upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.

四、數(shù)學符號

+表達"多"：many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.

++(+2)表達“多“比較級：more

+3表達“多”最高檔：most

—表達"少"：little,few,lackjnshortof/beinshortageofetc.

*表達"錯誤"、"失誤"和"壞"概念：wrong/incorrect,somethingbad,notorious,

negative,etc.

)表達“多于“概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.

表達"高"概念：superiorto,surpass,etc.

<表達"少于"概念：less/smaller,etc.

表達"低"概念:inferiorto,etc.

=表達"同等"概念：means,thatistosay,inotherwords,thesameas,

beequalto,etc.

表達“對手"概念：am