2021屆高三英語復習拓展閱讀（二）

Thesemagicwordswillchangeyourlife

語篇導讀：小小的語言調(diào)整可以幫助你減輕壓力、改善人際關系以及增強自信心。

Smallwordsmayhelpyoubeatstress（壓力）andimproveyourrelationships.Usethesetips

toteachyourselfahelpfulandusefulvocabulary.

“Igetto”

“Manyofusbeginourdaywiththephrase'Ihaveto」'saysCatherineGraceO*Connell,a

self-developmentexpert.tlChangingthisto'Igetto*hastheabilitytochangethewayourday

goes.^^Evenifyoumaynotbehappyaboutgoingtoworkorcookingdinner,sayingthatyou”get

to”dothosethingschangesyourattentiontothepositiveaspects（積極方面）ofthosethings.

“Thankyou”

Alotofresearchhasbeendoneonwhypeople—especiallywomen-oftendon'taccept

compliments（稱贊）smoothly.LanguageinSocietyfoundthatwomenonlyacceptedcompliments

40percentofthetime,andtheHarvardBusinessReviewfoundthatalmost70percentofpeople

connectedreceivingcomplimentswithalittleshameorembarrassment.Doesthisscenariosound

familiar?Shesays,€ilovethatdress."Yousay,“Ohthis?I'vehaditforyears.^^Or,44Youthink?

I'mnotcrazyaboutthecolour."Weoftendemean（貶低）ourselveswhiledoingthis.Abetterway

torespond:Lookthepersonintheeyeandsimplysay,"Thankyou.^^

“Notyet”

Adding"yet"totheendofyourwords,especiallywhentalkingaboutabilitiesandgoals,isa

smallbutgoodwaytochangeyourattitudetolife.4tAddtheword'yet'tolimitingcomments（限

制性的評論）suggestsKyndallBennett,aself-developmentexpert.''Whenwedothis,weallow

ourselvestoacceptthelimitingthoughtsastruths,Bennettsays."Examplesofthiswouldbelike,

'Ican*tspeakasecondlanguage...yefand'Idon*tknowhowtorunmyownbusiness...

Thisworksforeverythingfromweightlosstorelationships;it'sawaytoaddacertainoptimismto

yourwords.

Matchthewordsinthetextwiththeircorrectmeanings.

1.expertA.asituationthatcouldpossiblyhappen

2.embarrassmentB.thefeelingofbeinghopefulaboutthefuture

3.scenarioC.thefeelingofbeingnervousoruncomfortable

4.optimismD.someonewhohasspecialknowledgeofasubject

答案：

1-4DCAB

AweekendinBelgium

語篇閱讀：作者描述了自己去比利時旅游的經(jīng)歷。

Iwasveryexcitedwhen,lastweek,myfriendsandIdecidedtospendourweekendin

Belgium.

ThefirstplacewewenttowasBrussels.Brusselsissuchabeautifulcity,althoughIthought

itseemedrathersmalltobeacapitalcity.Wevisitedthestatueoftheweeingboy（撒尿孩銅

像），thegreattownhalland,ofcourse,wedidnotforgettovisitthefamousBelgiumchocolate

shops.

OneenjoyablepartofmyafternoonwascertainlyeatingarealBelgiumwaffle（華夫餅）.We

foundthatyoucan'tgofarwithoutcoiningacrosswafflesinBrussels.They'reforsaleinshop

windows,onthemenuatrestaurantsandaresoldbysellersonthesideofthestreet.

Intheeveningwewentoutforamealwithotherpeopleonthetrip;itwasgoodfungettingto

knowotherstudentswhowereexperiencinglivingabroadforthefirsttime.Afterthemealwe

weretakentoabar（i酉口色）totastesomeofBelgium'sfamousbeer.

OntheSundaywevisitedthecityofAnvers.Thecityisfamousforitsfashion（時尚）

museums.Thesemuseumswereinterestingandtheyreallyshowedthedifferencesinfashionover

theyears.Afterthislittletrip,itwastimetoreturnhome.

Tryingtimes

語篇導讀：1951年某一天的清晨，“我”被一陣劇烈的搖晃驚醒，“我”意識到：地震了！

Aswegothroughlife,interestingandexcitingexperiencescantestourlimits（極限）.

Sometimesourexperiencescanevenleaveusfeelingfrightened.Thiswascertainlythecasefor

meonedayin1951.OneearlymorningIwasawakenedbyquiteashock.Theearthwasshaking

badlybelowmeandIrealizeditwasanearthquake!

Iwaslivinginamountaintownatthetimeoftheearthquake.Manyofthebuildingshad

beenbuiltonariverbed.Peoplefearedthatifastrongearthquakehappened,theentiretown

wouldbeleftinruins.Asallofusrantohighergroundforsafety,wewonderedifthatterrible

momenthadcome.Alloftheshakingcausedveryseriousdamage.Homesfelldown,familieslost

lovedonesandthegroundopenedupingreatcracksallaroundus.

It'sdifficulttofacetragedy（不幸）whenthosepainfulmomentsinlifehappen.Allofus

experiencedthiswhenweheardthattheentiregradeschoolbuildinghadbeendestroyed.Luckily,

theearthquakehappenedearlyinthemorningbeforeallthestudentswereinsidetheclassrooms.

Wehatedtohearthattheschoolbuildingdidn'tsurvivethedisaster.Butweweremorethan

relieved（放心的）toknowthatthestudentsdid!

Althoughmyhousewasstillstanding,manyneighborslosttheirhomes.Myheartbrokefor

them.Lotsoffamiliescametogetheratmyplacewherewewaitedouttheterribleaftershocks.

Althoughpeople'sheartswereheavywithsadness,beingtogetherhelpedheal（治愈）someofthe

wounds.

From:StudioClassroom

AddressingchildpovertywinsNobelPrizeforthreeeconomists

語篇導讀：諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎聯(lián)合授予了三位經(jīng)濟學家，以表彰他們在減輕全球貧困方面

的實驗性做法。

TheNobelPrizeinEconomics（經(jīng)濟學）hasbeengiventothreepeoplewhohaveusedanew

wayofsolvingchildpoverty（貧困）.TheyareUS-basedeconomistsAbhijitBanegee,Esther

Duflo,andMichaelKremer.French-AmericanDufloisonlythesecondwomantowinthe

economicsprizeinits50-yearhistory,aswellastheyoungestat46.

TheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencessaidtheirworkhadshownhowpovertycouldbe

addressed（解決）bybreakingitdownintosmallerandclearerquestionsinareassuchaseducation

andhealthcare,andthentestingsolutionsinthecommunity,muchlikescientistsordoctorswould.

“Itstartsfromtheideathateventhepeoplethattrytohelpthepoordonotactually

understandwhatthecausesoftheirproblemsare,“Duflosaid."Whatwetrytodoistosay,Took,

lefstrytounpacktheproblemsone-by-oneandaddressthemascarefullyandscientificallyas

possible.^^^

TheirworkinKenyaandIndia,forexample,foundthatprovidingmoretextbooks,school

mealsandteachersdidn'tdomuchtohelpstudentslearnmore.Makingtheschoolworkmore

relevant（相關的）tostudents,workingcloselywiththeneedieststudentsandholdingteachers

responsibleweremoresuccessfulincountrieswhereteachersoftendon'twanttoshowupfbr

work.

Theteamhasalsoworkedonthe“Teachingattherightlevel“programwhichhashelped60

millionchildreninIndiaandAfricaandcentersonmathandreadingskillsforprimaryschool

students.

Duflosaidtheimportanceofthetwomostcommonwaystodealwithpoverty-foreignaid

（援助）andfreeinguptradewithpoorcountries-hadoftenbeen“overstated".Eventhoughgreat

progresshasbeenachieved,dealingwithglobalpovertyremainsahugeanddifficulttask.

AncientLIANGZHURUINSstandthetestoftime

語篇導讀：五千年中華文明博大精深，源遠流長。你知道五千年中華文明的實證之地在哪兒

嗎？

TheLiangzhuruinsinHangzhou,pointingtoanestablishedChinesecivilisation5,000years

ago,havebeenaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.

EveryChinesechildistaughtatschoolthatthecountry'scivilisationis5,000yearsold,but

provingthisbeyonddoubthasbeenaproblem.

Now,ajadeartifact（玉器）named“KingofCong",foundintheLiangzhucityruinsnear

Hangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,hasprovidedananswer.Accordingtoradiocarbondating（放射性

碳定年法），the6.5kgobjectis5,300yearsold.Itisoneofthelargestobjectsamongallcong

fromLiangzhu.Thepiecehasnowwongreaterglobalrecognition.

However,thesitehasfarmorethanjustthingsmadeofjade.Themainarea,spreadover14.3

squarekilometersintheYuhangareaofHangzhou,includesnotonlyacity'sruinsbut

11damsandseveralcemeteries（墓地），allabout5,000yearsold.Archaeologicalfactsshowthat

peoplelivedinLiangzhuforaboutathousandyears.

“ThearchaeologicalruinsofLiangzhu（3300-2300BCE）showanearlystatewitha

unifiedbeliefsystembasedongrowingriceinLateNeolithicChina,"theUNESCO

WorldHeritageCommitteesaid."Theseruinsareanextremelygoodexampleofearlycity

civilisationexpressedintownplanning,awaterconservationsystemandasocialorderwhichcan

beseeninwhereandhowpeoplewereburiedincemeterieswithintheruins.^^

AccordingtostudiesledbyLiuBin,directoroftheZhejiangProvincialInstituteof

CulturalRelicsandArchaeology,theinnerpartoftheancientcityruinscovers2.8square

kilometers,aboutfivetimestheareaoftheForbiddenCityinBeijing,andtheoutercityspreads

across6.3squarekilometers.Liusaiditwasthebiggestcityruinssiteofitstimetobefound

inChina,andwasalsooneofthelargestcitiesofitsdayintheworld.

[Self-check]

1.What'sthemeaningof“AncientLiangzhuruinsstandthetestoftime”?

2.WhatcanprovethatChinahasacivilisationof5,000yearsold?

3.HowmanyyearsdidpeopleliveinLiangzhu?

4.Whatisthewholeareaofthisancientcity?

[Notes]

1.beyonddoubt:ifsomethingisbeyonddoubt,itiscompletelycertain毫無疑I、可

Tokyo'sOlympicmedalswillbemadefromrecycledphones

語篇導讀：東京奧組委宣布用“電子垃圾''中的貴金屬制造2020年奧運會獎牌。金牌為在純

銀之外鍍上6克黃金，銀牌為純銀制，銅牌是含有少量鋅的黃銅制。

Nextsummer,thetopathletesintheworldwillcompeteintheTokyoOlympicsandthose

whocomeoutontopwillreceivetheancientgame'sfirst100%recycled（回收的）medals.The

gold,silverandbronzemedalswillallbemadefrommetalsrecycleddirectlyfromoldcellphones,

computersandotherelectronicwaste.

TheOlympicCommitteechoseJapaneseartistJunichiKawanishi'sdesignoutofover400

designs.Theythenspentthenexttwoyearscollectingalmost79,000tonsofelectronicwaste,

includingmorethan6millioncellphones.Their"Everyone'sMedal“collectionactivitygave

peoplethechancetofeelproudthattheiroldphoneswouldberebornasOlympicmedals.

“Ineverdreamedthatmydesignwouldactuallybechosen,“saiddesignerKawanishi."With

theirshiningrings,Ihopethemedalswillbeseenasexpressingpeople'sloveorpraiseforthe

athletes'hardwork,showingtheirsuccessandfriendship.^^

OlympicmedalshavenotbeenmadeofsolidgoldsincetheStockholmgamesin1912,but

Olympicrulesdorequireaminimumquantity（最少的重量）ofeachmedal.TheTokyomedals

willfeature（以...特色）6gofgoldplatingwithsilverinside.Thesilvermedalispuresilverand

thebronzeisamixtureofcopperandzinc.

Rulesalsorequirestandarddesignfeatures:theOlympicrings,theGreekgoddessNikeand

PanathenaicStadium,andtheofficialnameofthegames.

Brazilledthewayin2016withmercury-free（無汞的）goldmedals,butTokyo'sdesignisan

emblemofsustainability（可持續(xù)性的象征）botharoundtheworldandwithintheOlympic

Gamesandvillage.

Over5,000medalswillbeproducedandusedforboththeOlympicsandtheParalympics.

Supercomputers

語篇導讀：你聽過超級計算機嗎？知道它們是用來做什么的嗎？

Gobacktohalfacenturyorsoandthesmallestcomputerintheworldwasaveryhuge

machinethatfilledaroom.Whentransistorsandintegratedcircuits（集成電路）weredeveloped,

computerscouldpackthesamepowerintomicrochipsasbigasyourfingernail.Sowhatifyou

buildaroom-sizedcomputertodayandfillitfullofthosesamechips?Whatyougetisa

supercomputer-acomputerwithgreatspeedandme