Passage1Thevesselwasatanchorovernightwhilewewerewaitingfbrpermissiontoentertheport.Two

officersofwatchwerepatrollingthedeckbuttheydidnotnoticeanythingunusual.Theydid

notrealizethatwhiletheywereonwatch,twostowawayswerehidinginthelifeboat.Oneman

escapedbyjumpingoverboardwhiletheotherclimbeddownaropeladder.Later,Ireceiveda

phonecallfromtheCoastguardattheport.Hesaidthattwomenfrommyvesselwere

swimmingtowardstheshore.Hecalledthepoliceandorderedarescueboattopickupthemen.

Whentherescueboatwentout,itpickeduponlyoneperson.Theotherwasnowheretobeseen.

Asyet,Ihavenofurtherinformationaboutthetwostowaways.Thevesselwillremaininport

untilportAuthoritieshavesearchedthevesselandgivenclearancetodepart.Iamawaiting

instructionfromtheimmigrationauthoritiesabouttheprocedurefbrrepatriatingthestowaway

whoisinpolicecustodyatpresent.Thepolicearestillsearchingfbrthemissingstowaways.Passage2Theechosoundersendsaradiosignalfromthebottomoftheshiptotheseabed,fromwhichit

isreflected.Thetimetakentoreceivethereflectedsignalisameasureofthedepthofwater

undertheship.Thereceivedpulseisdisplayedonachartbyapenrecordersothatthe

navigatorcanseetheoutlineofthebottomoverwhichthevesselispassing.Asimilardeviceis

thesonarsystem,whichuseshighfrequencysoundsignals.Insonarthesoundsignalcanbe

sentaheadorsideways.Thetimefortheechotobesentbackfromanobject,suchasan

underwaterrock,isameasureoftheobject,sdistancefromtheship.Thesonarsystemcanalso

beusedtomeasurethespeedoftheshipovertheseabed.Passage3Theofficeronwatch(OOW)shouldensurethattheSOLASrequirementsfbrtheoperationand

testingofthesteeringgearareobserved.Steeringcontroloftheshipwillcomprisemanual

steering,probablysupplementedbyanautopilot.Ateachsteeringpositionthereshouldbea

gyrorepeaterandrudderangleindicatorandemergencyback-upsteeringposition,usuallyin

thesteeringgearflat,isalsorequired.Ifanautopilotisfitted,asteeringmodeselectorswitch

forchangingbetweenautomaticandmanualsteering,andamanualoverridecontroltoallow

theOOWtogaininstantmanualcontrolofthesteering,willberequired.Whenoperatingan

autopilot,thecoursetosteerwillneedtobemanuallysetontheautopilotandtheautopilotwill

steerthecourseuntilanewcourseisentered.Passage4Atypicalweatherreportnormallyincludethreeparts:warning,synopticsituationandforecast.

Galewarningsareusuallyissuedwhenwindsofatleastforce8orgustsreaching43knotsare

expected.Galewarningsremaininforceuntilamendedorcanceled, gale下裁高清無(wú)水印persistsfbrmorethan24hoursafterthetimeoforigin,thewarningwillbere-issued.Theterm

t4severegale"impliesameanwindofatleastforce9orgustsreaching52knots.Storm

warningsareusuallyissuedwhenwindsofforce10orgustsreaching61knotsareexpected.

Theterm"imminent"implieswithin6hoursofthetimeissue,t?soon,,impliesbetween6and12

hours,and"later"impliesmorethan12hours.Hurricanewarningsareissuedinsomepartsof

theworldwhenwindsofforce12oraboveareexpected.Passage5Uponjoiningavessel,thethirdofficermustreporttothemaster.Thethirdofficermustdiscuss

withtheofficerbeingrelievedthatareasofthethirdofficer'sresponsibility,andinspectthem

promptly,preferablyinthecompanyoftheofficerbeingrelieved.Anythingfoundtobe

unsatisfactorymustbereportedtothemaster.Thethirdofficerisresponsibletothemasterfor

theproperperformanceofhisassignedbridgewatch-standingandnavigationalduties.Thethird

officerisresponsibletothemasterthroughthefirstofficerforwatchdutiespertainingtofire-

fightingappliancesandlife-savingappliancesandmaintenance.Thethirdofficerisresponsible

forthecareoftheship,ssignalingequipment.Thethirdoftιcerisresponsibletothemasterfor

maintainingandaccountingforalltrainingpublicationsandtrainingaids,includingthemovie

projector,films,andotheraudio-visualequipment.Passage6Themasteristhedirectrepresentativeofthecompany.Decisionsandactionstakenbythe

masterinhiscapacityareusuallybindinguponthecompany,andthereforethemastermustact

toensurethatcompany,sinterestsareprotected.Themasterhassupremecommandofthe

vesselandfullauthorityunderthelawoverallphasesofvesseloperationsatalltimes.This

authorityunderthelawextendsoverallpersonsonboard.Themasterisanatalltimes

responsiblefortheseaworthinessandsafetyoftheshipandforthesafetyofallpersonnel,

cargoandequipmentaboard.Themasterisresponsibleforthemanagementofthecertificates

anddocumentsrelatedthevessel.Themasterisultimatelyresponsibleforthesafehandlingand

controlofcargoduringloading,transportanddischarge.Passage7Somanylivesarelosteveryyearduetoaccidentsinvolvingtowingandmooringropes.

Pleasespareafewminutestoreadthis.Itmaysaveyourlife.Alwayswearasafetyhelmetwhenonthedeckofatug,lighterorbargeengagedinmooring,

cargoortowingoperations.Alwayswearshoes(notslippers)whenworkingondeck.Neverstandunderneathanobjectbeinghoistedordeck.

Neverstandwithinabightofarope.Neverstandclosetomooringortowingropesunderstrain.iftheybreak,thebacklashcan

befatal.Hoistingorloweringoperationsshouldalwaysbecarriedoutwithapersonatthecontrols.

Failuretodosomanycostyoualimborevenyourlife.Shacklesandthimblesshouldnevergothroughrollerfairleads.Theropesmayjumpoffand

causeinjuries.Allropesandwiresshouldbeinspectedregularly,andrenewedforwearandtear

whenevernecessary.Alwayswearalifejacketwhenworkingorwalkingonthedeckofabargeorlighterduring

roughseas,rainorwheneverthedeckiswet.Youmayslipandfallintothewater.Passage8Maritimecommunicationcomprisescommunicationsbetweenvesselsandcoast-stations,inter-

shipcommunicationandintra-shipcommunication(internalcommunicationwhenthevesselis

beforecastingoff；leavingberth,loadingordischarging,etc.).Vesselsandcoast-stationscan

communicatebymeansofRadioTelephony,Satellite,DigitalSelectiveCalling(DSC)and

Radio-Telex.Categoriesofmessagesthatcanbetransmittedandreceivedarecalled?priorities,.They

indicatetheimportantofthemessage.ADISTRESSALERTindicatesthatthereisseriousandimmediatedangerfbrvessel,crewand

passengers.ADistressAlertisalsoreferredtoasa?MAYDAY,.AnURGENCYmessageindicatesthatthereisseriousdangerforvessel,crewandpassenger.

AnUrgencyMessageisalsoreferredtoasa?PANPAN,message.ASAFETYmessageindicatesthatthereisimminentriskfbrnavigation.ASafetyMessageis

alsoreferredtoasa'SECURITE'message.

AROUTINEmessageistransmittedtoensuresafenavigation.Routinemessagesrefertointer-

shipcommunication,exchangeofdatainportoperations,communicationbetweenshipsandVesselTrafficServices,inshoreradarstations,pilotstations,bridgesand原地Q力文檔

下裁高清無(wú)水印Passage9AVHF-transceiver(transmitter+receiver)transmitsandreceivesradiosignals.TheVHFis

usedtobridgeshortdistances,iseasytooperateandisallowedtobeusedbothinterritorial

watersandinlandwaterways.Itsreceiverhasafc?push-to-talkbutton,,.Iftheinstallationisa

"simplex"radio,speakingandlisteningcannotbedonesimultaneously.Whenyouwishto

speak,youpushthebutton;whenyouwishtolisten,youreleaseit.Beforechangingfrom

speakingtolistening,yousay"over".VHFradio-communicationcanbridgeabout40miles.MF-or-HFradiotelephonyisusedto

bridge150miles(MF)to2000miles(HF).Receptionofradiosignalswillnotalwaysbeofhighquality,andcoveragewillnotalways

extendtothedesiredareas.Thismayofcoursehaveconsequencesfbrthesafetyofthevessel

andhercrew.Thesedisadvantagesofcommunicationthroughspeechhaveledtothe

introductionofDigitalSelectiveCallinginmaritimecommunication.Passage10Weather-conditionshaveagreatinfluenceonthesafetyduringavoyageandshouldalwaysbe

takenintoconsiderationinvoyage-planningandwhenunderway.Thestateoftheatmosphereisdeterminedbyvariousmeteorologicalelements,suchas

temperature,humidity,cloudinessandfog,formsofprecipitation,barometricpressure,and

speedanddirectionofwind.Alltheseelementsmaybereferredtoas"theweathef,.

Humidityreferstotheamountofwatervaporintheair.Warmairiscapableofcontaininga

highergradeofmoisture,orhumidity,thancoldair.Themaximumamountofmoisturethatair

canholdataspecifictemperatureisknownas"saturation".Mostcloudsaretheresultofarisingmassofcoolair.Whenthetemperatureofairfalls,water

vaporintheairwillcondenseintodropletsoricecrystals,thusformingcloudsorfog.Passage11Ladiesandgentlemen.Thisisyourcaptainspeaking.Ihavethepleasureininformingyouthat

allsafetyequipmentisinfullworkingorder.Thebowandstemdoorsareclosedandsecured.

Thevesselisinallrespectsreadyforsea.Pleaselistencarefullytothesafetyinstructionswhich

follow.Intheunlikelyeventofemergency,pleaseobeytheordersgivenonthepublicaddress

system.Passengersarerequestedtoreadallnotesandleafletsconcerningsafetyregulations.All

regulationsconcerningthevessePsroutinehavetobeobeyed.Safetyregulationsdonotpermit

passengerstoenterthefollowingspaces:—navigatingbridge;—engineroom;—maneuveringareasatthefrontandbackendofthevessel;—cargoroomsandcompartments;—servicerooms;—allareasandspacesmarkedttCrewonly";—allclosed,sealedorropedoffareas,spacesandrooms;-cardeckswhenthevesselisatsea.Passage12Internationalregulationsrequireallpassengersbeassembledinadrillwhichhastotakeplace

within24hoursofdeparture.Adrillwillbeheldtofamiliarizepassengerswiththeirassembly

stations,withtheirlife-savingequipmentandwithemergencyprocedures.Allpassengersmust

attendthisdrill.Incaseofemergency,sevenshortblastsandoneprolongedblastwillbegiven

withtheship,swhistleandalarmsystem.Remaincalmwhenyouheartheemergencyalarm.

Passengerswillbetaughthowtoactandbehaveincaseofemergency.Passage13Alwaysrememberthatfireisthegreatesthazardaboardship.Alwaysactimmediatelyifyou

detectfireorsmellfumesorsmoke.Alwaysinformamemberofthecrewifyoudetectfireor

smellfumesorsmoke.Becarefultoextinguishcigarettescompletely.Putusedcigarettesina

containerprovided.Neversmokeinbed.Neversmokeondeckexceptinareaslabeledas

smokingareas.Neverthrowacigaretteoverboard.Theuseofnakedlightandopenfireis

strictlyprohibited.Neveruseanelectricironinacabin.Ifyouneedtoironsomething,usethe

ironingroomonthethirddeck.Thekeymaybecollectedattheinformationdesk.Passage14Attentionplease!Attentionplease!Thisisyourcaptainwithanimportantannouncement.I

repeat,thisisyourcaptainwithanimportantannouncement.Wehaveaminorfloodinginthe

engineroom.Thereisnoimmediatedangertoourpassengersortheshipandthereisnoreason

tobealarmed.Forsafetyreasons,werequestallpassengerstogototheirassemblystationson

deckandwaitthereforfurtherinstructions.Pleasefollowtheinstructionsgivenbytheofficers

andcrew.Thedamagecontrolteamisfightingtheflooding.Wealsohaveradiocontactwith

radiocoaststations.Assoonas1havefurtherinformation,Iwillmakeanotherannouncement.I

askyoukindlytoremaincalm.Thereisnodangeratthistime.Passage15

Whenthegeneralemergencyalarmissounded,whichconsistsofsevenshortblastsandone

prolongedblast,allpassengershavetogototheirassemblystation.Takeyourlifejacketsand

blanketswithyou.Lifejacketsarestoredinyourcabinsunderyourbedsandatyourassembly

stations.Youareencouragedtotryonyourlifejackets.Allpassengersmustputonwaπn

clothing;longtrousers,long-sleevedshirtsorjackets,strongshoesandheadcovering.AH

passengerswiththeirlifejacketsandblanketsarerequestedtogototheirassemblystations

immediately.Fromyourassemblystationsyouwillbeescortedtoyourlifeboats.All

passengersarerequestedtocarefullystudythesafetyinstructionsbehindtheircabindoors.All

passengersarerequestedtofollowtheescaperoutesshown.Donotuselifts.Passage16Lastyeartherewere63incidentsatsea.Thisincluded10spills,2ofwhichresultedinpollution.

Fourteenvesselsgroundedand6vesselscollidedinbadweatherconc^^廖石凝ere20

下裁高清無(wú)水印

reportsofpersonalinjury.Theseinjuriesusuallyoccurredbecauseseamendidnottakecare

withmachineryorbecausetheydidnotwearthecorrecttypeofprotectiveclothing.Seven

shipsreportedfiresonboardduringtheyear:in2incidents,thefiresstartedinthegalley,in

another2incidents,firesstartedwhenchemicalcontainersexploded;andin3incidents,the

firesoccurredbecauseofelectricalfaults.On4occasionsvesselslostpowerbecausethecrew

didnotfollowcorrectproceduresduringmaneuvering.Therewereaccountsofcargo

contamination:1cargoofgrainsufferedfromheatdamage,andintheothercase,waterleaked

intotheholdanddamagedacargooffruit.Passage17ThisincidenttookplaceonboardtheMVELGAinJanuaryofthisyear.Someofourcargoof

pipesbrokelooseonthedeckwhenwewereroundingtheCapeofGoodHopeinbadweather.

Therewerehighwindsandvisibilitywasverypoor.Atthetimeoftheincident1wasonwatch

onthebridge.The2ndofficerheardaloudbangingnoiseandnoticedthepipeswereloose.I

immediatelyinfbπnedtheCaptainwhoorderedateamtogoondecktotieandsecurethepipes.

Theproblemwascausedbytheseveremovementofthevesselandsomelashingsbreaking.

Thedeckcrewswereabletoleverthepipesintoasecureposition.Wemanagedtolashthe

cargodownagainsufficientlyuntilthebadweatherpassed.Therewasverylittlewecoulddoto

ensurethatthisincidentdoesnothappenagain.However,whenbadweatherisforecast,all

lashingsshouldbecheckedand,ifnecessary,extralashingsshouldbeputinplace.Passage18Twotypesofcompassesareusedatsea,namelythegyrocompassandthemagneticcompass.

Thegyrocompassiselectricallydrivenandindicatesthedirectionofthegeographicalortrue

northpoleoftheearth.Whenagyrocompasshasbeenstarted,sometimemustbeallowedforit

tosettledown,andaship,sgyrocompassshouldbestartedsomehoursbeforeitistobeused.A

gyrocompassmayfunctioncorrectly,butatthesametimeregisterasmall,constanterror

knownasgyroerror.Ifthegyrocompassindicatesadirectionwhichisnumericallylargerthan

thetruedirection,theerrorisdescribedashigh,andconverselyanumericallysmallerreadingis

describedaslow.Passage19M∑yorcoastradiostationsallovertheworldtransmit,atregularintervalsandincode,weather

informationforshipswithinrange.Weatherinformationconsistsoftenparts,ofwhichships

usuallymakeuseofthree,thatis,warning,synopticsituationandforecast.Withweather

information,marinersareabletokeepawayfromdisastrousweatheratseaandreducethe

dangeragreatdeal.Asterribleweatherispredicted,shipscantakeprecautionsbeforehand,by

delayingthevoyageorseekingshelterinasafeplace.Ifthereisahighseaorlongswell,they

cantakesomemeasurestosafeguardthecargoandtheship.Passage20Whenthevesselapproachesherdesignatedberthatminimumsteerageway,theapproachtothe

quayismadeatthesmallestpossibleangle.Withaheavinglinethehawserispulledfromthe

vesselontotheembankmentbyline-handlers.Thespringisfastenedtoabollard,andwhilethe

engineisonhalfastern,thewarpingdrumpicksuptheslack.Topreventthelinefrombeing

fouled,thehawserorspringisledthroughthefairlead.Theshipisthenmaneuveredalongthe

embankmentandfastenedtobollardsbyheadlines,stemlines,breastlinesandsprings.Whenleavingberth,castingofforders,engineroomordersandhelmordersaregivenbythe

pilotorthemaster.Afterhavingstartedtheengines,thefirstorderis44Standingbyforletting

go!,?Whenalineiscastoffthefirstordermustalwaysbe?tSlackaway,,,sothatitwillbecome

possibletohandlethehawser.Thenextcastingofforderwillthenbe:t4Heaveaway,,,which

meansthatthelinecanbepulledaboard.Thesequenceofcastingoffordersthatcanthenbe

givendependsonhowthevesselhasbeenberthed,andontheprevailingweatherconditionand

currents.Passage21Oneofthemostimportantresponsibilitiesofthefirstmateistomakesurethatcargowillbe

properlyloadedandstowed.Whetherbulkcargo,generalcargo,heavycargo,containerized

cargoesorrefrigeratedperishablecargoarecarried,caremustalwaysbetakentoensurethata

cargowillnotinanywayafleetthevessel,sstabilityandjeopardizevessel,cargoandcrew.

Thereforeastowageplanmustbemadeupbeforetheloadingofthecargocommences.

Stevedoring(loadinganddischargingofcargo)mustbedoneaccordingtothisstowageplanby

ashoregang.Ashoregangusuallyconsistsofaforemanandstevedores(longshoreman,as

theyarecalledinAmerica),hatchwaymen,winchmen,andatallyclerk.Passage22Therearefivecommonkindsofinjuryonvessels.Seafarerssometimesbreaktheirarmsand

legswhentheysliporfall.Theseaccidentshappenwhentheydon*twearsafetybootsorwhen

decksarewetandoily.Seafarersalsofallwhenladdersarenotsecure.Topreventbrokenarms

andlegs,itisimportanttowearsafetyboots.Seafarerssometimesstraintheirbackswhenthey

liftheavyobjects.Backstrainusuallyhappenswhenseafarersliftobjectsaloneorwhenthey

don,tuseliftingequipmentproperly.Topreventbackstrain,itisimportanttoliftproperly.

Seafarerssometimessufferfrombumswhenthereisafire,explosionorchemicalspill.

Seafarersneedtobecarefulwhentheysmokeorwhentheyworkwithchemicals.Toprevent

bums,itisimportanttoobey"NoSmoking',signsandtohandlec隔舟?{2^^^safely.下裁高清無(wú)水印Seafarerssometimessufferfromcuts.Theyoftencuttheirfingerswhentheyarecarelesswith

sharpmachinery.Topreventcuts,itisimportanttousesafetyguardsandweargloves.

Seafarerssometimesinjuretheireyeswhentheyworkwithmachinery.Dust,sparks,and

chemicalsareverydangerouswhentheyentertheeye.Topreventeyeinjuries,itisimportant

towearprotectivegoggles.Passage23Goodscommerciallytransportedbymerchantshipsincludethose:Transportedinbulkassolids,liquidsorgas.Generalcargopackagedinboxes,drumsandothersuchcontainers.Thecarriageofcargoesiswhatkeepsthemerchantshiprunning.Cargoesbringfreightandthis

meanswehaveanobligationtodeliverthecargointhesameconditioninwhichwereceivedit.

Thecontractofcarriage,bywhatevernameitiscalled,isbindingontheshipandtheships

officers(astheshipowner,srepresentative)whoaregiventheresponsibilitytotheload,

handle,stow,carry,keep,careforanddischargethegoodscarriedinaccordancewiththe

normalpracticeofthetrade.Theprocessofcarriageofvariouscargoeshasbeendevelopedovertheyearsbytheshippers

andthecarriers.Theseprocessestakeintoaccountthenature,sizeandpropertiesofcargo.

Sometimestheshipswereadaptedtothecargoandatothertimesthecargoesgotadaptedtothe

ship.Thisdevelopmentcontinueseventoday.Mostspecializedshipssuchasbulkcarriers

carryingbulkcargoeslikegain,tankerscarryingliquefiedpetroleumgases,chemicals,

petroleumproducts,fruitjuices,vegetableoilarestilldevelopingsizeaswellasin

sophisticationandautomation.Similarlycontainersarewherecargoesgotadaptedtotheship.Passage24Mostfiresaresmalltostartwithandcanoftentobeextinguishedbyrapidapplicationofa

portableextinguisherorotherappliance.Whereitispossibletodothiswithoutriskof

becomingtrappedbyflamesorsmoke,thepersondiscoveringthefireshouldtakesuchaction

AFTERsendingsomeoneelsetoraisethealarm.Greatercautionisnecessarywheresmokeisseenpassingacloseddoor.Openingthedoor

couldcausethefiretoflareupandspreadrapidlymakingitimpossibletoclosethedooragain.

Thisactionshouldthereforebeavoidedunlessitisbelievedthattheremaybesomeonetrapped

insideinwhichcasethedoorshouldonlybeopenedafterfirstfeelingitmakesureitisnothot,

andthenkeepinglowandopeningitverycarefully.Ifthecompartmentisthoughttobe

unoccupiedorifthedoorishot,itismuchsafertokeepitcloseduntiltheEmergencySquad

arereadywithchargedhoses.

Passage25PortStateControlistheinspectionofforeignshipsinnationalportstoverifythatthecondition

oftheshipanditsequipmentcomplywiththerequirementsofinternationalregulationsandthat

theshipismannedandoperatedincompliancewiththeserulesManyofIMO,smost

importanttechnicalconventionscontainprovisionsforshipstobeinspectedwhentheymeet

IMOrequirements.Theseinspectionswereoriginallyintendedtobeabackuptoflagstateimplementation,but

experiencehasshownthattheycanbeextremelyeffective,especiallyiforganizedonaregional

basis.Ashipgoingtoaportinonecountrywillnormallyvisitothercountriesintheregion

beforeembarkingonitsreturnvoyageanditistoeverybody,sadvantageifinspectionscanbe

closelycoordinated.Passage26TheInternationalShipandPortFacilitySecurityCode(ISPSCode)isacomprehensivesetof

measurestoenhancethesecurityofshipsandportfacilities,developedinresponsetothe

perceivedthreatstoshipsandportfacilitiesinthewakeofthe9/11attacksintheUnitedStates.

TheISPSCodeisimplementedthroughchapterXI-2Specialmeasurestoenhancemaritime

securityintheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea(SOLAS).TheCodehas

twoparts,onemandatoryandonerecommendatory.Inessence,theC6detakestheapproachthatensuringthesecurityofshipsandportfacilitiesis

ariskmanagementactivityandthat,todeterminewhatsecuritymeasuresareappropriate,an

assessmentoftherisksmustbemadeineachparticularcase.Passage27Portableextinguishersarecarriedtothefireareaforafastattack.However,theycontaina

limitedsupplyofextinguishersagent.Thisneedstobetakenintoaccount,andothermeasures

alsolaunchedatthesametime.However,manyatimes,usingtheportableextinguisher

controlsthespreadandsavestheday. 原創(chuàng)力文檔Theportableextinguishersarehandyandaredistributednearthelikely of?ra.Hcavever,asfireextinguishingagentisquicklyexpelledfromtheextinguishercontinuousapplicationcan

besustainedforonlyaminuteorless.Forthisreason,itisextremelyimportanttobackupthe

extinguisherwithahoseline.Iftheextinguisherdoesnothavethecapacitytoputthefireout

completely,thehoselinecanbeusedtofinishthejob.Acrewmanwhoisusinganextinguisher

cannotadvanceahoselineatthesametime,sothealarmbemustbesoundedassoonasafire

isfireisdiscovered,toalerttheship,spersonneltothesituation.Passage28Itisacommonbeliefamongmembersofthepublicthatpiracybelongstoanerainwhich

swashbucklingpiratesplayedcatandmousewithsailingshipladenwithgold.Thatpiracyisa

thingofthepast,however,isamyth.ThemainpointΓdliketomakeisthatarmedrobberyis

stillarealthreattotheshippingindustry.Theinternationalmaritimebureaureportedthatin

1994therewere92seriousattacksonships.Twoyearslaterin1996,thisfigurerocketedto174,

andin1997thefigurecontinuedtorisedramaticallyto252.Almostathirdoftheseincidents

tookplaceinthesamearea.Attemptstocombatthiscrimeweremadeduringtheearly1990s

andconsequentlythenumberofattacksdecreasedsignificantly.Thisdecreasewasduetotwo

mainfactors.IMOmissionsweresenttoproblemareasandpressurewasalsoexertedon

countrieswhosewaterswereknownblack-spotsforpirateattacks.Passage29AdmiraltyNoticetoMariners,weeklyeditions,containsinformationwhichenablesthe

marinerstokeephischartsandbookspublishedbythehydrographicdepartmentup-to-datefor

thelatestreportsreceived.InadditiontoallAdmiraltyNotices,theyincludeallAustralianand

NewZealandchartcorrectingNotices,theselectedtemporaryandpreliminaryones.Copiesof

allAustralianandNewZealandNoticescanbeobtainedfromAustralianorNewZealandchart

agents.TheNoticesarepublishedinweeklyeditions,andareissuedbythehydrographic

departmentonadailybasistocertainAdmiraltychartagents.Weeklyeditionscanbeobtained

gratis,ordispatchedregularlybysurfaceorairmailfromAdmiraltychartagents.Portsand

authoritieswhomaintaincopiesofAdmiraltyNoticestoMarinersforconsultationarelistedon

AnnualSummaryofAdmiraltyNoticestoMariners.Passage30Proceedtomusterstationtofindoutthetypeofemergency.Uponbeingintimatedaboutthe

natureofemergency,standbyasperdutyassignedtoyouandindicatedintheship,s

procedures.Ifyouareondeck,shout"ManOverboard,,.Trytoattractattentionofthebridgeasanactionof

toppriorityiftheshipismakingway.Thrownearestlifebuoyatthemaninwater.Evenan

ordinarylifebuoythrownintimemightsavehislife.Morepeopleknowaboutthemanbeing

overboardthebetter,especiallyiftheshipismoving.Thisisbecauseasharplookoutrightfrom

theinitialstageisveryimportant.Lookoutmustbemaintainedfromahighposition,say

navigationalbridge.Inbusyareas,it,smostimportantthatyoudon,tcollidewithotherships.Inrestrictedwaters,it

ismostimportantthatyoudon,trunaground.InformMasterandcalladditionalhandstostand

byandonforwardstationbysoundingemergencyalaπn.Informengineroom.SwitchonNUC

signal(threeredlights),evenindaytime,hoistdaysignalssubsequently.

Passage31Hello.ΓmThomasAnderson,theChiefOfficerontheMVNOAH.IliveinKendal,asmall

andbeautifultowninCumbria,England.Iam