Grammarandusage

ToinfinitiveFigureoutthemeaningsoftheproverbsandtheusageoftheunderlinedpartTonoweverythingistonownothingItiseasiertogetmoneythantoeepitEattolive,butnotlivetoeat什么都知道一如什么都不知道。掙錢容易，攢錢難。吃飯是為了生活，但活著不是為了吃飯。ITheto-infinitivecanbe1___________ofasentenceToseeistobelieve百聞不如一見。了解英語是一回事，會(huì)英語是另一回事。__________somethingaboutEnglishisonething;__________Englishisquiteanother先制定個(gè)計(jì)劃是個(gè)好主意。________aplanfirstisagoodideaTonowtonowTomaeSubject主語學(xué)好英語很難。________________isdifficult=Itisdifficult______________再見到你真高興。It’sagreatpleasuretoseeyouagainTostudyEnglishwelltostudyEnglishwellPracticeTip:動(dòng)詞不定式和不定式短語做主語時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis形容詞或名詞（或詞組）不定式短語…。這時(shí)的形容詞常為easy,difficult,hard,good,useful,wrong,right,necessary,important等。名詞或詞組常為afact,agreatday,agreatthing,apity等。如要說明動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可在不定式前加一個(gè)介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis形容詞forsb不定式短語。如：富人幫助窮人是對的．Itisrightforrichpeopletohelppoorpeople但如果表語是ind,nice,clever,wise,foolish,careless等描述動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的性格品質(zhì)的形容詞時(shí),則應(yīng)在不定式前加一個(gè)of引導(dǎo)的短語,而不用for,句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itis形容詞ofsb不定式短語。如：幫助我拿包，你真好．It’sindofyoutohelewithmybag固定結(jié)構(gòu)Ittaes/toosbsometimetodosth…做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間。他花了5個(gè)月的時(shí)間學(xué)開車。Ittoohimfivemonthstolearntodrive動(dòng)詞不定式還可以和what,where,how,when,which等連接代詞（副詞）連用，在句中做主語。如：如何使用電腦是個(gè)問題。____________________isaHowtousethecomputer2Object（賓語）Wehoap需要看lietoeatneedtolooat我不知道如何用電腦。Idon’tnowhowtouseacomputerWehaven’tdecided______________什么時(shí)候開始）Theywondered_______________________________．邀請誰參加他們的聚會(huì)whentostartwhomtoinvitetotheirparty1Icouldn’tdecide__________________買哪輛自行車him____________什么時(shí)候把它打開3Itoldher_____________怎么找到我whichbicycletobuywhentoopenithowtofindmeIfinditeasytolearnEnglishwell我認(rèn)為和他相處很難．老師認(rèn)為參加這個(gè)講座很有必要．他發(fā)現(xiàn)乘車旅行很方便．IfeelithardtogetalongwithhimTheteacherthinsitnecessarytoattendthelectureHefounditconvenienttotravelinacarTip1英語中能以不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多，常見的有afford,decide,epect,hope,learn,2疑問詞帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可作動(dòng)詞賓語。這些疑問詞是who,what,when,where,which,how等。和這結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動(dòng)詞（詞組）有findout,decide,now,tell,forget,understand,wonder等。/consider等動(dòng)詞＋it＋adjtodosthit用做形式賓語．summary:"todo"usedasobject3objectcoment賓語補(bǔ)足語1動(dòng)詞賓語帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。常見的這類動(dòng)詞（詞組）有as,teach,tell,want,lie,asfor,waitfor,advise,invite,warn,wish,get等。如：Whotaughtyoutoenottobringyouanything我們看男孩子們踢足球。Wewatchedtheboysade_________________讓孩子們呆在房間里）intheroomthechildrenstay2動(dòng)詞賓語不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。用于這結(jié)構(gòu)的是使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞，如feel,hear,listento,see,looat,watch,notice,let,mae,have等。這些動(dòng)詞后賓語補(bǔ)足語不用to;在動(dòng)詞help后的不定式賓語補(bǔ)足語，to可有可無。如：Tip:hear,listento,see,looat,watch,notice,mae,have等在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語必須加上to;let不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：--IsawBettygotoGrandejustnow--Yes,sheisoftenseentohelanwithhishousewor4Attribute定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面，與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：EverydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeatTip1若動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要帶上與之搭配的介詞，構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語。Shehasnohousetolivein沒有要擔(dān)心的事了。ThereisnothingtoworryaboutTiantoflyacrosstheAtlantic1Ihaven’tgotachair_______AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting2WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson__tosendBforsendingitCtosendittoDforsendingitto3Let’sfindabo_____AforustoputtheboinitBtoputtheboosinCtoputtheboosinitDtoputtheboos4Becauseofairpollutionbeingreduced,thiscityisstill_____agoodplaceforlivinglivedasagoodplaceagoodplacetoliveinlivinginasagoodplace5Columbuswasthefirst_____theNewContinenttohavediscoveredtodiscoverdiscoveringhavingdiscoveredthefirst/net/last/best這樣的詞語時(shí),后面用todo5Predicative表語動(dòng)詞不定式用在連系動(dòng)詞后，作表語。常見的連系動(dòng)詞有be,seem等。常見句型：主語betodosthItseemstobeaninterestingboo我的工作是幫助病人。Myjobistohelpthepatient6Adverbial（狀語）1表示目的。nottodoordernottodosth/soasnottodosth代替，但soasnottodosth不放在句首。如：SheeeeamaeherselfunderstoodInorderto/Tomaeherselfunderstood,sheeeeamples2表示結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語表示結(jié)果時(shí)常與副詞too或enough連用。如：It’stooheavyforlittleTomtocarryIstheriverdeeinHegottothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleftII不定式的基本形式時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式II不定式的基本形式時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendoneShewastoosureeting____________holdtomorrowHeeintoseetobeheldtobesleepingEercises:I’mterriblysorry___________eepyouwaiting‘HarryPotter’seriesofnovelsaresaid__________________translateintodoensoflanguagestohaveepttohavebeentranslatedWhat’smore…1Whynot,Willyouplease,You’dbetter,wouldrather,后不用to,直接跟動(dòng)詞原形。YouloorathertiredWhynot_______stoptotaearestWillyouplease_____turnitdownIt’stoonoisystopturn你最好騎車去學(xué)校。You’dbettergotoschoolbybie________________________我寧愿待在家里,doingnothingthangototheIwouldratherstayathome2and,but*,or,eceetobecarefuland____looonthebrightside