UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

ReadingandThinking:

Understandthequestioningmindcholeraseverediarrhoeadehydrationfrustratedonceandforallcontradictoryinfectioninfectgermn.霍亂adj.

極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的n.

腹瀉n.脫水a(chǎn)dj.

懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的最終地；徹底地adj.

相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的n.感染；傳染vt.使感染；傳染n.微生物；細(xì)菌；病菌subscribesubscribetoproofmultiplepumpwaterpumphouseholdsuspectblamehandlevi.

認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份);定期訂購(gòu);定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))同意；贊同n.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)adj.

數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的n.

泵；抽水機(jī)；打氣筒水泵n.

一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.

犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n.責(zé)備；指責(zé)n.把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)interventionlinkrawpuresubstantialdecreasethankstostatistictransformepidemiologymicroscopen.介入；出面；干涉n.

聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)adj.未煮的;生的;未經(jīng)處理的;原始的adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的adj.

大量的；價(jià)值巨大的；重大的n.

減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.

(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減??；降低幸虧；由于n.[pl.]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)vt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)vi.

改變;轉(zhuǎn)變n.

流行病學(xué)n.顯微鏡/1.wheredoyouthinkthisphotowastaken?2.Whatarethestudentsdoinginthephoto?Itmaybetakeninachemistrylaboratory.

Twogirlstudentsareconductinganexperiment.

OpeningpageToraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle

requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.―AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld提出新的問(wèn)題，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的可能，從新的角度審視已存在的問(wèn)題，這些需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性的想象力，并標(biāo)志著科學(xué)的真正進(jìn)步。―阿爾伯特

?愛因斯坦

利奧波德

?英費(fèi)爾德WhatqualitiesdidEinsteinandInfeldthinkascientistshouldhave?Imagination,creativity,raisingquestionsandnewpossibilities,andlookingatoldproblemsfromanewangle.UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

ReadingandThinking:

UnderstandthequestioningmindLead-inWhatisthediseasementionedinthevideo?Covid-19④BesidesCOVID-19,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行?。ヾoyouknow?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[m??leri?]（瘧疾）cholera[k?l?r?]（霍亂）Ebola[??b??l?](埃博拉)①②③WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?

Drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論

Collectdata收集資料

Askaquestion提出假設(shè)

Findaproblem發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題

Analysetheresults分析結(jié)果

Findsupportingevidence尋找證據(jù)

Thinkofamethod思考方法TuYouyoufollowedthescientificstagestofindoutthecureformalaria.Canyouputthemintherightorder?Didhe/shefollowthesamestagesasTuYouyou?WhoDefeatedCholera?JohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Mainidea:Thetextismainlyabout_________and______hedefeats___________JohnSnowhowKingCholerascientificresearch?Activity1:Readthetitleandpredict——Whatwillbetalkedabout?Thechildturnedtothedoctor…JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”

Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Para.11.WhatisCholera?2.WhoisJohnSnow?Activity2:Carefulreading——Readfordetails.CholeraWhat?It'soneof________________________intheworld,becauseitcauses

.When?

___________________________Where?_________What’stheresult?___________________________________________themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoea,dehydrationandevendeathIntheearly19thcenturyEuropeMillionsofpeoplediedfromthediseaseJohnSnowWho?

A

doctorwhoevenattendto

whenshegavebirth.What?

Hehadadesireto________________onceandforall.BritishQueenVictoriadestroycholeraFindtheproblemResearch

backgroundThoughbeingfamous,hewasstilldevotedtodefeating“KingCholera”Para.1

Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Para.21.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowreadytodowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?

WhatwerethetwotheoriesandwhichdidJohnSnowagreewith?TwocontradictorytheoriesTheoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______badairgermsSnowsubscribedto

thesecondtheory.?TwocontradictorytheoriesFindaproblem→AskaquestionHeneededproof.Para.2

Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.Para.3beerpubNote:——1deathPH:publichouse30,31,…:numbersofhouseswaterpump7Para.3Thinkofamethod→Collectdata1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Analyzetheresults→Findsupportingevidence Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.…multipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamePara.3DrawaconclusionAsaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedReadpara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.A:Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedbybad___orgermsin___________.B:Snow_______________theplaceswherethepeople

who____hadlived.

C:◆

Manydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.◆

Somepeople________drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.◆

AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter_____________________.D:Thepumpwatercarried_____________.E:The______ofthepumpwasremoved.Matchthefollowingheaderswiththelettersfromthechartabove.WriteA-Eintheblanks.1.conclusion2.evidence3.process4.solution5.theories__________________________________airfoodorwatermarkedonamapdiedwaterpumphadn'tdrinkingwaterfromthepumpcholeragermshandleDCBEAconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesP34Para2-3How?ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondon?A.BadairB.WaterinfectedbyrawwasteC.PollutedairD.Waterpollutedbytheair2.AskquestionsP35

Para.4pollutedbyrawwasteinfectedbywaste1.Q:What________________________________________?A:Snowthoughtthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.2.Q:Why________________________________________________?A:Snowhadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.3.Q:How______________________________________?A:ThecholerathreatwasdefeatedthankstotheworkofJohnSnow.causedcholeraaccordingtoSnowdidSnowhavethehandleofthepumpremovedwasthecholerathreatdefeatedAskquestionsOnewaytoapproachareadingpassageistoaskquestionsaboutit.Askingquestionscanhelpyouunderstandthecontent.Itcanalsohelpyouthinkmoredeeplyaboutthetopic.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?Para.5Watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.TheFatherofModernEpidemiology(流行病學(xué))Activity3:postreading——ReadthewholepassageagainandmatchthemainideaPara.1Paras.2-3Para.4Para.5◆HowdidJohnSnowdefeatKingCholera?◆What'sthetruthofKingCholera?◆WhatisKingCholera?

WhoisJohnSnow?◆WhatarethecontributionsandsignificanceofJohnSnow'swork?Thinking

WhatmakesJohnSnowagreatscientist?What