廣東高考英語(yǔ)卷寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)第一講記敘文：如何寫(xiě)人一、寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)高考英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作中的寫(xiě)人側(cè)重人物的介紹，可以用第一人稱(如寫(xiě)求職信)，也可以用第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，具體的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要依據(jù)寫(xiě)作的要求來(lái)確定。寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中要注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：1．人物寫(xiě)作通常需要介紹人物的姓名、年齡、外貌、學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷、專業(yè)、愛(ài)好、特長(zhǎng)、事跡、性格等多個(gè)方面，但英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作需要嚴(yán)格按照寫(xiě)作要求來(lái)寫(xiě)，包括所給的全部信息點(diǎn)，既不能遺漏，也不能隨意添加。2．對(duì)題目所給的信息要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)重組，安排好寫(xiě)作順序，突出重點(diǎn)信息。重點(diǎn)信息通常是寫(xiě)作的目的所在，比如求職要重點(diǎn)突出學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷，新聞報(bào)道要重點(diǎn)突出事跡，介紹自己的老師、朋友要突出他們的特點(diǎn)，等等。3．正確運(yùn)用描寫(xiě)人物的詞匯和句型。4．注意運(yùn)用正確的時(shí)態(tài)。描寫(xiě)人物的外貌、性格、興趣等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而描寫(xiě)人物的出生、教育背景、經(jīng)歷、事跡常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。二、常用詞語(yǔ)外貌特征：beautiful,bignose,blackeyes，fat,good-looking，handsome,healthy,near-sighted，ordinary-looking，pretty，short，strong,tall，thin,withabignose,withabigsmile,white-haired，1.80metrestall,etc.性格特點(diǎn)：absent-minded,attractive，bad-tempered，bereadytohelpothers,bright，charming，confident,diligent，friendly,generous,haveagoodtemper,humorous，independent,kind,kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded,naughty，patient，thinkofothers,smart，talkative，warm-hearted，wise，etc.出生年齡：atwenty-five-year-oldyoungman,asaboyof15,attheageof20,bebornonFebruary12th,1987,duringhischildhood,inone’sfifties,liveahappy/hardlife,spendhischildhoodinthecountryside,thesonofapoorfamily,whenhewasasmallboy,etc.興趣愛(ài)好：beangrywithsbforsth,beangryabout,bedelightedindoing,begoodatsinging,beinterestedinEnglish,befondofmusic,becrazyabout,bepleasedwith,besickfor,besorryfor,bestrictinone’swork,beworriedabout,dowellinhisresearchwork,,enjoydoing,expecttodo,feelsurprisedat,haveastrongdesiretodo,lookforwardtodoingsth.,longfor(longtodo),makerapidprogressin,putone’sheartinto,takeapleasureindoing;wishtodo,workhardathisstudies,etc.教育背景：beadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,beenrolledin,failinthetest，amaster’sdegree,getonwellwithone’slessons,givesb.apassinggrade,，goabroadtofurtherone’sstudy,graduatefromPhysicsDepartmentofQinghuaUniversity,hisfatherwasverystrictwithhim,layagoodfoundationinEnglish,majorinhistory,4.事件話題(1)學(xué)校生活及學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)beactiveinclass,beinterestedin,beinterestingtosb.,befondof,begoodat,bepoorat,betiredofone’swork,beweakin,doone’shomework,dosportsafterschool,dowellin;educationforall-rounddevelopment(素質(zhì)教育),examination-orientededucationsystem(應(yīng)試教育),failinthetest,getadoctor’sdegree,getonwellwithEnglish,getan“A”intheexam,get90marksforEnglish,givesb.apassinggrade,haveagoodcommandofthelanguage,haveeightclasseseveryday,helpwitheachother,layagoodfoundationin,learn…byheart,majorinhistory,makefriendswithsb.,makeprogressin,putone’sheartinto,passtheexamination,studyingroups,succeedindoingsth.,takeanactivepartintheactivity,takeseveralcoursesatschool,workoutaproblem,workonamathsproblem,workhardat,etc.(2)師生關(guān)系及其活動(dòng)befriendlytosb.,bekindtosb,beastrictteacher,bestrictwithone’spupils,bestrictinone’swork,besatisfiedwith,blamesb.forsth,correctthestudents’homeworkcarefully,devoteallone’stimetowork,formagoodhabitof,getonwellwithsb,giveadviceon,givesbalotofwork,helpsbwithsth,makeone’slessonslivelyandinteresting,praisesbforsth.,preparefortomorrow’slesson,questionsbon,teachsb.English,teachsbhowtodosth.,etc.(3)課余活動(dòng)及周末生活dosomereading,enjoyafamilytrip,enjoydoingsth.,goswimming,goforanouting,gotothecinema,haveanoutingattheseashore,haveaswim,havedancesonweekends,haveapicnicattheweekend,haveaparty,holdasportsmeeting,Internetbar,netfriend,onlineloveaffair(網(wǎng)戀),playthepiano,playchess(basketball),seethesightsofBeijing,spendone’stimeinmanydifferentways,teachinafamily,etc.(4)交通情況abigtrafficjam,atrafficaccident,beverycrowdedinthestreet,beseriouslyinjured,bybus(train/ship/boat),driveacar,flightNo.2130,inasmallboat,givesb.alift,keepright,lieonthestreet,meetsb.atthestation,onthebus(train),onboard,onone’swaytoLondon,onthejourney,onewayonly,pickupsb.,rideabike,rideahorse,seesb.offattheairport,self-serviceticket,takeaflighttoNewYork,trafficlight,travelthroughChina,turnright,etc.(5)度假旅游NewYear’sDay,Women’sDay,MayDay,YouthDay,Children’sDay,Teachers’Day,Mid-AutumnDay,NationalDay,valentine’sDay,theSpringFestival,ahotspot,aplaceofinterest,atouristdestination,afive-starhotel,agoodrestaurant,areturnticket,asingleticket,acitywithalonghistory,aquietvillage,athree-daytour,anexperiencedguide,Beijing2008OlympicGames,beautifulscenery,inpeaktouristseasons,naturalattraction,onone’swaytoFrance,onthebackway,oneofthegreatwondersoftheworld,spendone’sholidaysonthesea,the11thAsianGames,travelagency,thetourroute,theinner-ringroad,traveltoEngland,theGreatWall,theSummerPlace,ZhongshanPark,etc.(6)環(huán)境保護(hù)agoodenvironment,areapollution,airpollution,airqualitystandard,AntarcticCircle,atmosphericchemistry,aheavyrain,aheavysnow,bepolluted,behot,becold,becool,becloudy,berainy,besunny,beflooded,climate,carbondioxide(CO2),chemicalchange,chemicalcleaningofcoal,climatechange,dirty,drought,dry,flood,earlywarningsystem,environmentalbehavior,environmentalquality,feelcomfortable,globalwarming,minus20degreescentigrade(-20°),30degreesabovezero(30°)，sealevel,warningcenter,wastes,watersurface,watertreatment,waterpollutioncontrol,weather,windstorm,etc.三、典型例文參考范文：DearJane,Iamverygladtotellyousomethingaboutourschool,GuangdongNo.3Middleschool.Itliesinasmalltownabout15kilometresawayfromtheseaandithasahistoryofover80years.Ourschool,coveringanareaofnearly150thousandsquaremeters,hasmorethan200teachersand3000seniorstudentsIthasthreeteachingbuildingsandsixdormitorybuildings,withmanyflowersandtalltreesallaround,soit’sverybeautiful.InourschoolwelearnChinese,maths,science,English,computer,PE,artsandsomeothersubjects.Wewarmlywelcomeyoutovisitourschoolinthesummerholidays.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely,LiHua參考范文：AbriefIntroductionoftheChineseSpringFestivalTheChineseSpringFestivalcomesonthefirstdayoftheChineseLunarYear,whichisusuallyinFebruary.Thereisanameforeachyear,suchasthedog,themonkey,thetigeroroneofthetwelveanimals,andthisyearistheyearofthepig.BeforetheNewYear’sDay,theChinesepeopleusuallygivetheirhousesagoodcleaningandonthelasteveningoftheoldyear,allthemembersofafamilywillgettogetherandhaveabigmeal.Onthefirstorseconddayofthenewyear,peopleusuallygotovisittheirrelativesandfriendsandgivesomeluckymoneytochildren.IwishyouhaveagoodtimeduringtheSpringFestival.參考范文1.OnJuly27th2007,Friday,we18classmates,includingJohnfromBritain,SinbafromIndiaandKeithfromtheUSA,wenttoLeeFarmtohelpthefarmers.Westartedoffat8o’clockinthemorning,andafteranhour’srideonthebus,wewalkedforanother15minutes.LeeFarmisabout60kilometresnorthwesttoourschool.Afewdaysagoitwashitbyastrongtornado,andmanyappleswereblownontotheground,sowehelpedtopickuptheapplesandputthegoodonesinthebaskets.Wefeltverytiredafterthework,butallofusthoughtitwasagreathelptothefarmers.2.LastWednesdayIgavealectureaboutChina’scultureandhistorytothe7thstudentsfrom9-11:30inthemorning.ThisisthefirsttimeIgavealesson,soIfeltverynervousandgreatpressure.Ipresentedforoneandahalfhours,introducingfromthedynastiesinancienttimestotherevolutionaryinrecenttimes,butIspentalotmoretimeonpresentChina,therenovation,theopenpolicyandtheeconomicdevelopment.Inthefollowinghourweexchangedideasandhadagooddiscussion,butIwassorrytofindthattheyknewlittleaboutChinaandraisedalotofstrangequestions.Ithinkweneedmoreculturalexchangeofthiskind,becausewecangetmorepracticeandtheforeignstudentscanunderstandmoreaboutChina.廣東高考英語(yǔ)卷基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)（系列3）

第三講如何寫(xiě)圖表類說(shuō)明文

一、寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)

圖表類作文一直是高考的熱點(diǎn)，其體裁可以是記敘文、議論文或說(shuō)明文。本篇介紹如何備考圖表類說(shuō)明文。

圖表類說(shuō)明文要求根據(jù)圖示、表格等所給的信息，通過(guò)定義、描述、數(shù)字對(duì)比和分類比較等方式，介紹圖表所顯示對(duì)象的特征，如形狀、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、變化、功能、因果和方位等。圖表類說(shuō)明文常見(jiàn)的話題有：產(chǎn)品介紹、地點(diǎn)描述、方位描寫(xiě)、觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比、變化分析、購(gòu)物指南和操作說(shuō)明等。寫(xiě)作這類文章需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1．正確解讀表格，不能添加或遺漏信息。

2．寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容要條理清楚，層次分明。說(shuō)明科技方面的內(nèi)容常用定義法、比較對(duì)比法、分類法和因果法等；說(shuō)明自然環(huán)境方面的內(nèi)容常用時(shí)空次序法與分類法等。

3．說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)練，用詞要準(zhǔn)確，避免夸張華麗的辭藻。

4．時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，語(yǔ)態(tài)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

二、常用句型

1.介紹產(chǎn)品

Thecompanyhasmodernequipmentandlotsofseniorexperts.

Thiskindofproductcontainsmuchtopandnewtechnique.

It’sconvenienttocarryandeasytooperate.

It’saboutsixfeetlongandninefeethigh.

Itcostme100yuantobuythisdictionary.

2.介紹學(xué)校

Thereweremanysubjectsinourschool,suchasChinese,history,drawingandsoforth.

Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.

Inthemiddleoftheflowerbedthereisafountainwithmanycoloredflowersaroundit.

Infrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.

Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents’dormitoryandthedinning-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesportsfield.

Theteacher’sdormitorystandsbetweentheteachingbuildingandthestudents’dormitory.

3．行路指引

ItisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheDongfangHoteltotherailwaystation.

Whenyougetoutofthestation,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.

Turnrightatthethirdturning,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecorner.

Goeastwardandyouwillseethemuseumoppositetothelibrary.

BusNo.2willtakeyourightthere.

Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogettherebysubway.

4．介紹地方

TiananmenSquare,thelargestsquareintheworld,coversanareaofonemillionsquaremetres.

Guangzhou,thecapitalofGuangdongProvince,liesinthesouthofChina.

Ithasanareaof10,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover2million.

Itisrichinnaturalsources,suchascoal,oilandgold.

Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.

Builtinthe18thcentury,thetowerhaswitnessedtoomuchcomingandgoinginhistory.

5．新舊對(duì)比

Ourhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthicktreesandgreengrasseverywhere.

Nowadayssomestudentscannotgotocollegebecauseofhightuitionfees.

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfewyears.

ItisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.

Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.

6．?dāng)?shù)量表達(dá)

Outputisup30%lastyear.

Unemploymentmorethandoubledin1996.

Thepopulationhereisincreasingyearbyyear.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedtosmoking.

Fromthetablewecanseethattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.

Thelatestsurveyshowsthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.

Aninvestigationshowsthatmanyemigrantsthinkthatworkingatcityprovidesthemwithnotonlyahighersalarybutalsotheopportunityoflearningnewskills.

Statisticsshowa20%rise(reduction)intrafficaccidentscomparedwithlastyear.

Bicyclecan’tbecomparedwithothermeansoftransportationlikecarandtrainforspeedandcomfort.

三、實(shí)例分析

【例文1】父母為子女選擇小學(xué)的情況調(diào)查

最近學(xué)校研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組對(duì)3000多名年輕的父母做了一個(gè)調(diào)查，調(diào)查主題、結(jié)果等內(nèi)容如下表所示，請(qǐng)用英文給校英文廣播站寫(xiě)一篇簡(jiǎn)介，介紹調(diào)查的情況。

寫(xiě)作要求：

1．簡(jiǎn)介必須包括圖表所給的全部?jī)?nèi)容；

2．只能使用5個(gè)句子。

參考范文：

Recentlyasurveywasdonetoinvestigatewhatparentscaremostinchoosingprimaryschools.Thesurveyshowsthatlocationisthekeyfactorinchoosingschoolsfortheirchildren—halfofthoseinterviewedsaidthatbeingclosetotheirhomeswasthemostimportantfactorintheirchoice.

Teachingqualitycamesecond,withnearly40%oftheparentsworryingabouttheirchildren’sfuturecareer.Thesurveyalsoshowsthatone-tenthofthemexpectthatschoolshaveadvancedfacilities.

Morethan3,000parentsweresurveyedintheresearch.

【例文2】樓盤(pán)介紹

假設(shè)暑假你到某樓盤(pán)打工，正好有幾名外國(guó)客人想買(mǎi)一套公寓樓，公寓樓及其周邊的一些基本信息如下。請(qǐng)書(shū)面用英文向這幾位客人介紹一下這套公寓樓。

寫(xiě)作要求：

1．簡(jiǎn)介必須包括圖表所給的全部?jī)?nèi)容；

2．只能使用5個(gè)句子。

3．參考詞匯：公寓樓apartment公寓單間flat

參考范文：

Theflathas110squaremetres,withonesitting-room,threebedrooms,onebathroomandonekitchen.Facingsouth,itisquitebrightintheroomsatdaytime.Notfarawayfromtheapartmentthereisasupermarket,aclinic,akindergartenandabus-stop.Thebuscanaccessthesubwaydirectly.Thepricefortheflatisabout6000RMBpersquaremetre.

四、即時(shí)訓(xùn)練【練習(xí)1】簡(jiǎn)介我國(guó)高等教育的發(fā)展情況

假設(shè)你在政府部門(mén)見(jiàn)習(xí)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下圖標(biāo)的信息，向幾位到訪外國(guó)客人詢問(wèn)你所在城市的教育發(fā)Z展情