十八Unit6DevelopingideasⅠ.單詞拼寫1.Located(坐落于)inthenorthoftheNorthChinaPlain,Beijinghasfourdistinctseasons.Itishotandrainyinsummerandcoldanddryinwinter.2.Themountainsactedasanaturalbarrier(障礙)tothespreadofthedisease.3.Canyouexplainthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthesentencetome?I’mconfused.4.Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleys(山谷)canbetakenincolor.5.HenryLucehadagrand(宏偉的)designforAmerica’sfuture.6.Lifeislikeanocean(海洋):Onlythestrong-willedcanreachtheothershore.7.Shewasonly19whenherfirstnovelwaspublished(出版).

8.You’llalsogetexpert(專家的)adviceonkeepingyourhairingoodcondition.9.Heprovedhimselfatruegentlemanandthebeauty(美)ofhischaracterwasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.10.HisEnglishhasimproved(提高)rapidlybecauseofhisconnectionwithBritishpeople.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Thatresultcanonlyhaveapositiveeffecton(有積極影響)theworldaroundus.

2.Withanotherassistanttojoinintheexperiment,MrSmithmayspendmoretimeonteaching(花更多時(shí)間教學(xué)).

3.There’snothingbetterthanspendingmoney(比花錢更好的).

4.Thatitwillaffecttherealeconomyisnolongerindoubt(懷疑).

5.WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching(春節(jié)來臨),studentsaretalkingabouttheirplaninthenextyear.

6.Withhishomeworkfinished(完成作業(yè)),hewasallowedtoplayoutsidewithhisfriends.

7.Withsomuchtasktodo(這么多任務(wù)),Ihavetostayuplatethisnight.

8.Shesaidgood-byetoherparentswithtearsinhereyes(含著淚).

Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·南京高一檢測(cè))TheVienna-basedresearchersshowedthatdogswillstopdoingasimpletaskwhennotrewardedifanotherdog,whichcontinuestoberewardedispresent.Theexperimentconsistedoftakingpairsofdogsandgettingthemtopresentapawforareward.Ongivingthis“handshake”thedogsreceivedapieceoffood.Oneofthedogswasthenaskedtoshakehands,butreceivednofood.Theotherdogcontinuedtogetthefoodwhenitwasaskedtoperformthetask.Thedogwithouttherewardquicklystoppeddoingthetask,andshowedsignsofangerorstresswhenitspartnerwasrewarded.Tomakesurethattheexperimentwasreallyshowingtheinteractionbetweenthedogsratherthanjustthefrustrationofnotbeingrewarded,asimilarexperimentwasconductedwherethedogsperformedthetaskwithoutthepartner.Heretheycontinuedtopresentthepawformuchlonger.Dr.FrederikeRangefromtheUniversityof“Theonlydifferenceisthatonegetsfoodandtheotherdoesn’t.Theyarerespondingtobeingunequallyrewarded.”shesays.Theresearcherssaythiskindofbehavior,whereoneanimalgetsfrustratedwithwhatishappeningwithanother,hasonlybeenobservedinprimates(靈長(zhǎng)類)before.Studieswithvarioustypesofmonkeysandchimpanzeesshowtheyreactnotonlytoseeingtheirpartnersreceivingrewardswhentheyarenot,butalsotothetypeofreward.Thedogstudyalsolookedatwhetherthetypeofrewardmadeadifference.Dogsweregiveneitherbreadorsausage,butseemedtoreactequallytoeither.Dr.Rangesaysthismaybebecausetheyhavebeentrained.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明狗也是有公平感的,介紹了其實(shí)驗(yàn)過程以及動(dòng)物在實(shí)驗(yàn)中的表現(xiàn)。1.Thedogsrefusedtogivethepawwhenthey______.

A.foundanotherdogwasgivennothingB.felttheywerenottreatedequallyC.wereawaretheyreceivedlessfoodD.weregiventoomuchreward【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段以及第三段“Thedogwithouttherewardquicklystoppeddoingthetask,andshowedsignsofangerorstresswhenitspartnerwasrewarded.”可知,當(dāng)狗感到?jīng)]有得到平等對(duì)待時(shí),它們就拒絕伸出爪子。故選B。2.Whatwouldadogdoifitpresenteditspawalone?A.Itwouldgoonwiththeperformancemuchlonger.B.Itwouldbetooshytopresentitspaw.C.Itwouldmissitspartner.D.Itwouldcomparewhatitgotwiththatofanother.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Tomakesurethattheexperimentwasreallyshowingtheinteractionbetweenthedogsratherthanjustthefrustrationofnotbeingrewarded,asimilarexperimentwasconductedwherethedogsperformedthetaskwithoutthepartner.Heretheycontinuedtopresentthepawformuchlonger.”可知,如果是單獨(dú)一只狗伸出它的爪子,它伸出爪子的時(shí)間會(huì)更長(zhǎng)。故選A。3.Accordingtothepassage,comparedwithdogs,monkeysandchimpanzees______.

A.paynoattentiontothetypeofrewardB.onlyliketoplayinterestinggamesC.payattentiontothetypeofrewardaswellaswhethertheyarerewardedD.caremoreabouthowtheyarerewarded【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Studieswithvarioustypesofmonkeysandchimpanzeesshowtheyreactnotonlytoseeingtheirpartnersreceivingrewardswhentheyarenot,butalsotothetypeofreward.”可知,與狗相比,猴子和黑猩猩更注重獎(jiǎng)賞的類型以及是否受到獎(jiǎng)賞。故選C。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?A.Animals’variouswaystoshowanger.B.Dogsaremoreenviousthanhumanbeings.C.Mostanimalswanttoberewardedfortheirwork.D.Animalsalsohaveasenseoffairness.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“Theonlydifferenceisthatonegetsfoodandtheotherdoesn’t.Theyarerespondingtobeingunequallyrewarded.”結(jié)合文章主要說明了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明狗也是有公平感的,介紹了其實(shí)驗(yàn)過程以及動(dòng)物在實(shí)驗(yàn)中的表現(xiàn)。這種行為以前只在靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物中觀察到過,說明動(dòng)物和人一樣,有公平意識(shí)。故選D。BAJourneytotheYosemiteFirefallEachyear,thousandsofpeopleareattractedtotheYosemiteNationalParkinCaliforniaforachanceofseeing—andphotographing—theunique“firefall”.Theamazing“firefall”comestolifeonlywhenthereisenoughwaterfromthemelting(融化)snowtokeeptheHorsetailFallflowingandwhenthelightofthesettingsunhitsthewaterfallattherightangle.ItcanonlybeseenforashorttimeinFebruaryonclearsunnydays.Thisyear,theweatherisn’tstoppingthe“firefall”fromhappening,butitismakingthejourneytoseeitmoredifficult.“Whatwouldhavebeena10-minutewalkturnedintoatwo-hourhikethroughdeepsnow?”photographerRyanFitzsimonssaidabouthisrecenttriptoseethephenomenon.“Ourclotheswereallwetbythetimewegottoaviewingsite.Buttheheavysnowmadethesightmuchmorebeautifulsincethewaterfallismuchbiggerthisyear.”AnotherphotographerAndyHeitzwasmakinghisfirsttriptoseethe“firefall”.Hehadtowaitfivehoursintheextremecoldforhisturntotakeapicture.“Igottothesiteatabout12:00atnoon.Theplacewasalreadyfilledwithhundredsofpeoplewaitingtoseeandphotographthe‘firefall’.IwassoluckythatIshotareallywonderfulburner!IwascompletelyamazedwithwhatIsaw,”hesaid.“Youknow,onlyonacoupledaysoftheyearinFebruaryandwhenthesunsetsdownattheperfectangletoshineonYosemite’sHorsetailFallcanweseethe‘FireFall’.I’llneverforgetwhatIhaveseen.”The“firefall”shouldcontinuetobetherefrom20to24February.Butparkofficialssaidthatthere’snoguarantee(保證)thatvisitorswillseeitonanygivenday.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國(guó)加州約塞米蒂的“火瀑布”。5.Whenmightbethebesttimetotakepicturesofthe“firefall”?A.Earlyinthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Lateintheafternoon.D.Atnight.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theamazing‘firefall’comestolifeonlywhenthereisenoughwaterfromthemeltingsnowtokeeptheHorsetailFallflowingandwhenthelightofthesettingsunhitsthewaterfallattherightangle.”可知,“火瀑布”形成于日落時(shí)分,也是最好的拍照時(shí)間。故選C。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“burner”inParagraph5referto?A.Aworkerinthekitchen.B.ThefireintheYosemiteC.Apartofacookerorstove.D.TheuniqueHorsetailFallinthesettingsun.【解析】選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子后面內(nèi)容“Youknow,onlyonacoupledaysoftheyearinFebruaryandwhenthesunsetsdownattheperfectangletoshineonYosemite’sHorsetailFallcanweseethe‘FireFall’.”可知,他拍到了完美的“火瀑布”。由此推知,畫線詞burner指的就是TheuniqueHorsetailFallinthesettingsun.(夕陽(yáng)下獨(dú)特的馬尾瀑布)。故選D。7.Whymightthe“firefall”disappearbetween20to24Februarythisyear?A.Therewouldn’tbeenoughsnow.B.Itmightbetoocloudy.C.Thewaterfallmightnotfreeze.D.Thesnowmightmettoofast.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ItcanonlybeseenforashorttimeinFebruaryonclearsunnydays.”結(jié)合文章第三段中的“Buttheheavysnowmadethesightmuchmorebeautifulsincethewaterfallismuchbiggerthisyear.”可知,今年剛下了大雪,所以“火瀑布”可能會(huì)消失的原因只能是沒有太陽(yáng)。故選B。8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceanattraction.B.Togivesuggestionsforatrip.C.ToadvertiseaparkintheUS.D.Toexplainwhatisa“firefall”.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章的題目“AJourneytotheYosemiteFirefall(約塞米蒂“火瀑布”之旅)”和文章內(nèi)容可知,文章的主要目的是介紹一個(gè)著名的景觀——約塞米蒂“火瀑布”。故選A。Ⅱ.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華,你校英文報(bào)正在征稿,主題為“如何愛護(hù)我們的校園環(huán)境”,請(qǐng)向校報(bào)投稿發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Deareditors,Sincewehavestayedatschoolmostofourtimesincewestartedtostudy,Ithinkitisourdutytokeepourschoolcleanandtidy.Weshouldn’tleaverubbisheverywhereandspitupontheground,ifanyoneseesothersdoingsuchthings,he/sheshouldpreventhim/her,andlethim/hercleanit.Wemustn’tpicktheflowersorsteponthegrassorcarveonthetreesintheschoolforthoseplantsnotonlymakeourschoolbeautiful,butalsocleantheair,weshouldevenplantflowersandtreesaspossibleaswecan.Wemustn’tdrawandscratchonthedeskandthewall.Iamthinkingthatifwetreatallthethingsintheschoolasseriouslyasthoseinourhome,ourschoolwillbeascleanandtidyasourhome.Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021·成都高一檢測(cè))In2015,Chennaiwasdestroyedbyoneoftheworstfloodsinoveracentury,leavingthousandswithoutfood,waterandsupplies.Duringtheflood,manyheroesarose,oneofwhomwasSantosh,ayoungmanwhoownedatake-outrestaurantinChennai.WhenthefirstfloodhitinNovember,hegotacallfromacompanycalledNagaRava.Thecompanyaskedhimtoprepare5,000packetsoffoodandgivethemtothefloodvictims.He,withhispartners,tooktheorder,cookedfor14hoursanddelivered(遞送)them.Butthatnight,astheysattogetherdiscussingtheeventoftheday,theyactuallyfeltashamed(羞愧).“HerewasamannotevenfromChennaiandhewasgoingoutofhiswaytohelptheaffectedpeople.We,whilelivinghere,hadnotreallydoneanythingourselvesforourownpeople,”saidSantoshlater.Hethenbeganthegroundworkforacollectiontohelpcookmoredishes.LittledidheknowthattheNovemberfloodwasjustthebeginning,andtherealshowwasabouttobegin.TheDecemberfloodaffectedthemall.Hisownhousegotfloodedandhisfamilywastrappedonthesecondfloor.Theylostphoneconnectionandelectricity.Inspiteofthis,Santoshwentbackoutintotheflood,creatingakitchenandpreparingfoodallbyhimselfforthevictims.

Hedidnotsleepforfourdays,takingaone-hourbreakeverydayashekeptoncooking.Aswordgotoutaboutthisman’seffort,otherssteppedouttojoinhim.Fromchildrentotheelderly,strangerscametohelphimincooking,packingandtransportingfood.Upto300volunteersworkedtogethertomakeitallhappen.Bythetimethefourthdayfinallycametoanend,Santoshandhisteamhadprepared170,000foodboxesanddeliveredthemtopeopleinneed.【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在金奈發(fā)生一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來最嚴(yán)重的洪災(zāi)期間,Santosh和一些好心人準(zhǔn)備了170000份盒飯救援災(zāi)區(qū)的故事。1.WhatinspiredSantoshtohelptheaffectedpeople?A.Acallforhelp.B.Hiscookingskills.C.Anactofkindnessofastranger.D.Theencouragementfromhispartners.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容,“HerewasamannotevenfromChennaiandhewasgoingoutofhiswaytohelptheaffectedpeople.We,whilelivinghere,hadnotreallydoneanythingourselvesforourownpeople”可知,是一個(gè)陌生人的善舉激勵(lì)Santosh幫助災(zāi)民。故選C。2.Whatdoes“therealshow”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.Thehelpandsupport.B.Thesevererflood.C.Santosh’sfamilysuffering.D.Santosh’scookingmorefood.【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“LittledidheknowthattheNovemberfloodwasjustthebeginning,andtherealshowwasabouttobegin.TheDecemberfloodaffectedthemall.”可知,12月份的洪水比11月份造成的后果嚴(yán)重,所以此處的“therealshow”指的是12月更嚴(yán)重的洪水。故選B。3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSantosh?A.Energeticandhelpful.B.Determinedandclever.C.Selflessandcaring.D.Kindandwise.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,Santosh的家也遭受了洪水,但是他依然去幫助其他受災(zāi)的人們。這說明他無私且樂于助人。故選C。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ManyHandsMakeLightWorkB.KindnessIsItsOwnRewardC.MajorFloodsBroughtChallengesToPeopleD.AManCooked170,000MealsForTheAffected【解析】選D。標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述了在金奈發(fā)生的嚴(yán)重的洪災(zāi)期間,Santosh和一些好心人準(zhǔn)備了170000份盒飯救援災(zāi)區(qū)的故事,所以D項(xiàng)適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空(2021·鎮(zhèn)江高一檢測(cè))Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived1.________,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson2.________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson3.________huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood4.________(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology5.________(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people6.________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe7.________(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,8.________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with9.________riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmetho