urinarysystem泌尿系統(tǒng)演示文稿現(xiàn)在是1頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一StructureKidney－formurine

Ureter－conducturinefromkidneystobladderUrinarybladder－receivesandstoresurineUrethra－conductsurinefrombladdertoexteriorofbody(discharged)sphinctermuscle—helpkeepurinefromleaking現(xiàn)在是2頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一posteriorabdominalwallshowingthekidneysanduretersinsituThemainfunctionsoftheurinarysystemisdischargedoutwastesandexcessivefluidsintheprocessofmetabolismofourbody,tokeepthebalanceandstabilityoftheinternalenviroment.現(xiàn)在是3頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一coronalsectionoftherightkidny.posterioraspect現(xiàn)在是4頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一

bladder

Generalfeature－pyramidalinshapewhenempty,having

Apex膀胱尖

Fundus膀胱底

Bodyofbladder膀胱體

Neck膀胱頸

tuberculosisandtumorprimarysiteuretericorificeinternalurethralorifice現(xiàn)在是5頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一posteriorNormalvolumofbladderadult：350-500mlmaxium：800mlnewborn：1／10ofadultseminalcoliculusejaculatoryductdeferensseminalvesicle現(xiàn)在是6頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一Urethra

尿道

★

FemaleurethraRelatively

shorter(about3-5cmlong),widerandstraightmediansagittalsectionofmale/femalepelvisfemaleurinateurinate,ejaculatebladderuterusurethraovaryvaginaurethraprostateureterbladderglanspenisscrotum現(xiàn)在是7頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一Urineformation1.Glomerularfiltration2.renaltubuleandcollectingductreabsorption3.renaltubuleandcollectingductsecretion,excretionUrea,togetherwithwaterandotherwastesubstanceslikeinorganicsaltformstheurine.現(xiàn)在是8頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一現(xiàn)在是9頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一Urinaryexcretionkidneys----ureters----bladder----urethral----outofbodyMicturitionsignificance:exhaustthebody'swaste,regulatebodywaterandsaltbalance,maintainthephysiologicalfunctionofnormaltissuecells現(xiàn)在是10頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一MethodsimagingIVP:intravenous

pyelography靜脈腎盂造影CT:computedtomographyMRI:MagneticResonanceImagingX-rayexaminationRadionuclideexaminations放射性核素檢查現(xiàn)在是11頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一CommondiseasesARFacuterenalfailureCKDchronickidneydiseaseUTIurinarytractinfectionsinsipidus尿崩癥uremia/toxuriaICinterstitialcystitisBPHbenignprostatichyperplasiapyelonephritisglomerulonephritis現(xiàn)在是12頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一cystitis

Cystitisisainflammationinthebladder,mainlycausedbyspecificandnonspecificbacterialinfections.Thethreemajornonspecificinfectionsofthebladderare:Acutecystitis,chroniccystitisandAcuteurethralsyndromeinwomen.Thereareothertypescystitis,suchasinterstitialcystitis,glandularcystitis,emphysematouscyctitis,gangrenouscyctitis,chemicalcystitis,andradiocystitis.Commonnonspecificcystitisdevelopsfrome.coli大腸桿菌,viceescherichiacoli副大腸桿菌,pseudomonasaeruginosa綠膿桿菌,staphylococcusaureus金黃色葡萄球菌andstreptococcusfaecalis糞鏈球菌.Mostiscausedbytransurethralretrogradeinfection.Forfemaleurethralshorter,andnearthevagina,cystitisoccurredmoreoftenthanmen..Nonspecificismorelikelytohappenwhenbladderitselfexistslesions,suchashavebladdercalculi,foreignbodies,andurethralcatheter,orurinarytractobstructionandurinationdisorders.Nonspecificclinicalmanifestationsaremainlyforacuteandchroniccystitis.現(xiàn)在是13頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一acutecystitis---congestionofbladdermucosamembrane現(xiàn)在是14頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一Acutecystitis

Oftensuddenlyonset,Whenpassingurine,thepatientwillhavesomesymptomeslikeburningpain,requentmicturition,oftenwithurgenturinatio.Whenitcomestourinaryincontinence,frequentandurgenturinationoftenparticularlyevident,anhourcanreachmorethan5~6times,eachtimetheurinevolumeisonlyafewdrops,evenmicturitionterminalcanhavelowerabdominalpain.Urineiscloudyandsometimeswithblood,whichareoftenhappeninend-stage..Adenovirusinfectionmayleadtohemorrhagiccystitisinchildren,however,viralcystitisrarelyfoundinAdults.

現(xiàn)在是15頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一Thecourseofacutecystitisisshort,sothatthesymptomeswoulddisappearinoneweeksiftreatedtimely.Diagnosis:mostofthesymptomesofacutecystitisaretypical,notdifficulttobediagnosed.Thepatientwillbedefinitelydiagnosedaccordingtothehistoryofurinaryfrequency,urgency,andurinatingpain.Theurineroutinechecksindicatevisibleredbloodcells,puscellsandurinebacterialcountsmorethan100,000permilliliterinculture現(xiàn)在是16頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一

Themaincomplicationofacutecyctitisisinfectionthatascendstothekidneys.Childrenwithvesico-ureteralrefluxandpregnantwomenareespeciallypronetothiscomplication.Patientspronetorecurrentboutsofacutecystitisshouldbeevaluatedforfactorsthatmaycontributetoenhancedsusceptibility,andtheseshouldbecorrectedwheneverpossible.Failingthis,antimicrobialprophylaxismayneeded.

現(xiàn)在是17頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一GeneraltreatmentIncludingproperrest,drinkplentyofwatertoincreaseurineoutput,payattentiontonutrition,avoidspicyfood.Patientswith

bladderirritationsymptomscanberelievedbyantispasmodicdrugs.while,patientswithasymptomaticbacteriuriadoesnotrequireconvulsatiostherapy.AntibiotictherapyisthemaintreatmentforUrinarytractinfection..Patientsshouldmakechoicesbasedondrugsensitivitytestanddoctor'sprescribtion.現(xiàn)在是18頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一prevention1.Drinkplentyofwater,preferablytwolitersaday.2.Urinatetimely,donnotholdback.3.Payattentiontopersonalhygiene,changeandwashunderwearsfrequently.

4.Trytodrinkcranberryjuice蔓越莓果汁,becauseitcanreducebacterialadhesioninurinarytract.5.Keepaurinationevery2-3hoursindailyactivities,alsopayattentiontoaddBvitaminsandlacticacidbacteria.Asparagus蘆筍containsproteins,vitamins,mineralsandtraceelements現(xiàn)在是19頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一Glomerulonephritis

(腎小球腎炎)

Glomerulonephritisisatypeofkidneydiseasecausedbyinflammationoftheinternalkidneystructures.Also,itcanbecausedbyseveraldifferentdiseasestates,includingsomesystemicimmunedisease.itcanalsoresultfromageneontheXchromosomepassedonfromcarriermotherswhohavenofeatures,orminimalfeaturesoftheproblem,totheirsons.Acommoncauseofglomerulonephritisisfromastreptococcalinfection,suchasstrepthroatorupperrespiratoryinfection.現(xiàn)在是20頁\一共有22頁\編輯于星期一1.Providebestrestduringtheacutephase.2.Performpassiverangeofmotionexercisesforthepatientonbedrest.3.Allowthepatienttoresumenormalactivitiesgraduallyassymptomssubside.4.Consultthedieticianaboutadiethighincaloriesandlowinprotein,