經(jīng)濟學常用英語詞匯Aaccounting會計accountingcost會計成本accountingprofit會計利潤adverseselection逆向選擇allocation配置allocationofresources資源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧彈性Assumption假定asymetricinformation非對稱性信息average均勻averagecost均勻成本averagecostpricing均勻成本訂價法averagefixedcost均勻固定成本averageproductofcapital資本均勻產(chǎn)量averageproductoflabour勞動均勻產(chǎn)量averagerevenue均勻利潤averagetotalcost均勻總成本averagevariablecost均勻可變?yōu)楸綛barrierstoentry進入壁壘baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly雙邊壟斷benefit利潤blackmarket黑市blisspoint極樂點boundarypoint界限點breakevenpoint進出相抵點budget估算budgetconstraint估算拘束budgetline估算線budgetset估算集Ccapital資本capitalstock資本存量capitaloutputratio資本產(chǎn)出比率capitalism資本主義cardinalutilitytheory基數(shù)功效論cartel卡特爾ceterispuribusassumption其余條“件不變”的假定ceterispuribusdemandcurve其余因素不變的需求曲線Chamberlinmodel張伯倫模型changeindemand需求變化changeinquantitydemanded需求量變化changeinquantitysupplied供應量變化changeinsupply供應變化choice選擇closedset閉集Coasetheorem科斯定理

cobwebmodel蛛網(wǎng)模型collectivebargaining集體協(xié)議薪資collusion同謀commandeconomy指令經(jīng)濟commodity商品commoditycombination商品組合commoditymarket商品市場commodityspace商品空間commonproperty公用財富comparativestaticanalysis比較靜態(tài)剖析compensatedbudgetline賠償估算線compensateddemandfunction賠償需求函數(shù)compensationprinciples賠償原則compensatingvariationinincome收入賠償變量competition競爭competitivemarket競爭性市場complementgoods互補品completeinformation完整信息completeness齊備性conditionforefficiencyinproduction生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件concave凹concavefunction凹函數(shù)concavepreference凹偏好consistence一致性constantcostindustry成本不變家產(chǎn)constantreturnstoscale規(guī)模酬勞不變constraints拘束consumer花費者consumerbehavior花費者行為consumerchoice花費者選擇consumerequilibrium花費者平衡consumeroptimization花費者優(yōu)化consumerpreference花費者偏好consumersurplus花費者節(jié)余consumertheory花費者理論consumption花費consumptionbundle花費束consumptioncombination花費組合consumptionpossibilitycurve花費可能曲線consumptionpossibilityfrontier花費可能性前沿consumptionset花費集consumptionspace花費空間continuity連續(xù)性continuousfunction連續(xù)函數(shù)contractcurve契約曲線convex凸convexfunction凸函數(shù)convexpreference凸偏好convexset凸集corporatlon公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本利潤分costfunction成本函數(shù)costminimization成本極小化Cournotequilihrium古諾平衡Cross—priceelasticity交錯價錢彈性Ddead—weightsloss重擔損失decreasingcostindustry成本遞減家產(chǎn)decreasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模酬勞遞減deduction演繹法demand需求demandcurve需求曲線demandelasticity需求彈性demandfunction需求函數(shù)demandprice需求價錢demandschedule需求表depreciation折舊derivative導數(shù)derivedemand派生需求differenceequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程differentiatedgood差異商品differentiatedoligoply差異寡頭diminishingmarginalsubstitution邊沿代替率遞減diminishingmarginalreturn利潤遞減diminishingmarginalutility邊沿功效遞減directapproach直接法directtaxes直接稅discounting貼稅、折扣diseconomiesofscale規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟disequilibrium非平衡distribution分派divisionoflabour勞動分工distributiontheoryofmarginalproductivity邊沿生產(chǎn)率分派論duoupoly雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality對偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis動向剖析dynamicmodels動向模型EEconomicagents經(jīng)濟行為者economiccost經(jīng)濟成本economicefficiency經(jīng)濟效率economicgoods經(jīng)濟物件economicman經(jīng)濟人economicmode經(jīng)濟模型economicprofit經(jīng)濟利潤economicregionofproduction生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟地區(qū)economicregulation經(jīng)濟調理economicrent經(jīng)濟租金exchange互換economics經(jīng)濟學exchangeefficiency互換效率economy經(jīng)濟exchangecontractcurve互換契約曲線economyofscale規(guī)模經(jīng)濟

Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思圖exclusion排擠性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiencyparameter效率參數(shù)elasticity彈性elasticityofsubstitution代替彈性endogenousvariable內生變量endowment天賦endowmentofresources資源天賦entrepreneur公司家entrepreneurship公司家才能entrybarriers進入壁壘entry/exitdecision出入決議envolopecurve包絡線equilibrium平衡equilibriumcondition平衡條件equilibriumprice平衡價錢equilibriumquantity平衡產(chǎn)量eqity公正equivalentvariationinincome收入等價變量excess—capacitytheorem過分生產(chǎn)能力定理excesssupply過分供應exchange互換exchangecontractcurve互換契約曲線exclusion排擠性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原則existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium整體平衡的存在性exogenousvariables外生變量expansionpaths擴展徑expectation希望expectedutility希望功效expectedvalue希望值expenditure支出explicitcost顯性成本externalbenefit外面利潤externalcost外面成本externaleconomy外面經(jīng)濟externaldiseconomy外面不經(jīng)濟externalities外面性FFactor因素factordemand因素需求factormarket因素市場factorsofproduction生產(chǎn)因素factorsubstitution因素代替factorsupply因素供應fallacyofcomposition合成錯誤finalgoods最后產(chǎn)品firm公司firms’demandcurveforlabor公司勞動需求曲線firmsupplycurve公司供應曲線first-degreepricediscrimination第一級價錢鄙視first—ordercondition一階條件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比率的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow流量fluctuation顛簸forwhomtoproduce為誰生產(chǎn)freeentry自由進入freegoods自由品，免費品freemobilityofresources資源自由流動freerider搭便車，免費乘車function函數(shù)futurevalue將來值Ggametheory對策論、博弈論generalequilibrium整體平衡generalgoods一般商品Ginicoefficient吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule黃金規(guī)則goods貨物governmentfailure政府失敗governmentregulation政府調控grandutilitypossibilitycurve總功效可能曲線grandutilitypossibilityfrontier總功效可能前沿Hheterogeneousproduct異質產(chǎn)品homogeneity齊次性homogeneousdemandfunction齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneousproduct同質產(chǎn)品homogeneousproductionfunction齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontalsummation水平易household家庭howtoproduce怎樣生產(chǎn)humancapital人力資本hypothesis假說Iidentity恒等式imperfectcompetion不完整競爭implicitcost隱性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurveincomeconstraint收入拘束incomeconsumptioncurve收入花費曲線incomedistribution收入分派incomeeffect收入效應incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入彈性increasingcostindustry成本遞加家產(chǎn)increasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模酬勞遞加inefficiency缺少效率indexnumber指數(shù)indifference無差異

indifferencecurve無差異曲線indifferencemap無差異族indifferencerelation無差異關系indifferenceset無差異集indirectapproach間接法individualanalysis個量剖析individualdemandcurve個人需求曲線individualdemandfunction個人需求函數(shù)inducedvariable引致變量induction概括法industry家產(chǎn)industryequilibrium家產(chǎn)平衡industrysupplycurve家產(chǎn)供應曲線inelastic缺少彈性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐點information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始條件initialendowment初始天賦innovation創(chuàng)新input投入input—output投入—產(chǎn)出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度經(jīng)濟學insurance保險intercept截距interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中間產(chǎn)品internatizationofexternalities外面性內部化invention發(fā)明inversedemandfunction逆需求函數(shù)investment投資invisiblehand看不見的手isocostline等成本線，isoprofitcurve等利潤曲線isoquantcurve等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquantmap等產(chǎn)量族Llabour勞動labourdemand勞動需求laboursupply勞動供應labourtheoryofvalue勞動價值論labourunions工會laissezfaire自由聽任land土地law法例lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution邊沿技術代替率lawofincreasingcost成本遞加法例lawofoneprice單調價錢法例leader—followermodel領導者--跟從者模型least—costcombinationofinputs最低成本的投入組合leisure空暇Leontiefproductionfunction列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses允許證lineardemandfunction線性需求函數(shù)linearhomogeneity線性齊次性linearhomogeneousproductionfunction線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)longrun長久longrunaveragecost長久均勻成本longrunequilibrium長久平衡longrunindustrysupplycurve長久家產(chǎn)供應曲線longrunmarginalcost長久邊沿成本longruntotalcost長久總成本Lorenzcurve洛倫茲曲線lossminimization損失極小化1umpsumtax一次性收稅luxury豪侈品Mmacroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟學marginal邊沿的marginalbenefit邊沿利潤marginalcost邊沿成本marginalcostpricing邊沿成本訂價marginalcostoffactor邊沿因素成本marginalperiod市場期marginalphysicalproductivity實質實物生產(chǎn)率marginalproduct邊沿產(chǎn)量marginalproductofcapital資本的邊沿產(chǎn)量marginalproductof1abour勞動的邊沿產(chǎn)量marginalproductivity邊沿生產(chǎn)率marginalrateofsubstitution邊代替率marginalrateoftransformation邊沿變換率marginalreturns邊沿回報marginalrevenue邊沿利潤marginalrevenueproduct邊沿利潤產(chǎn)品marginalrevolution邊沿革命marginalsocialbenefit社會邊沿利潤marginalsocialcost社會邊沿成本marginalutility邊沿功效marginalvalueproducts邊沿價值產(chǎn)品market市場marketclearance市場結清，市場洗清marketdemand市場需求marketeconomy市場經(jīng)濟marketequilibrium市場平衡marketfailure市場失敗marketmechanism市場體制marketstructure市場構造marketseparation市場切割marketregulation市場調理marketshare市場份額markuppricing加減訂價法maximization極大化

microeconomics微觀經(jīng)濟學minimumwage最低薪資misallocationofresources資源誤置mixedeconomy混淆經(jīng)濟model模型money錢幣monopolisticcompetition壟斷競爭monopolisticexploitation壟斷盤剝monopoly壟斷，賣方壟斷monopolyequilibrium壟斷平衡monopolypricing壟斷訂價monopolyregulation壟斷調控monopolyrents壟斷租金monopsony買方壟斷NNashequilibrium納什平衡Naturalmonopoly自然壟斷Naturalresources自然資源Necessarycondition必需條件necessities必需品netdemand凈需求nonconvexpreference非凸性偏好nonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排擠性nonlinearpricing非線性訂價nonrivalry非抗衡性nonpricecompetition非價錢競爭nonsatiation非飽和性non--zero—sumgame非零和對策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利潤normativeeconomics規(guī)范經(jīng)濟學Oobjectivefunction目標函數(shù)oligopoly寡頭壟斷oligopolymarket寡頭市場oligopolymodel寡頭模型opportunitycost時機成本optimalchoice最正確選擇optimalconsumptionbundle花費束perfectelasticity完整有彈性optimalresourceallocation最正確資源配置optimalscale最正確規(guī)模optimalsolution最優(yōu)解optimization優(yōu)化orderingofoptimization(social)preference(社會)偏好排序ordinalutility序數(shù)功效ordinarygoods一般品output產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出outputelasticity產(chǎn)出彈性outputmaximization產(chǎn)出極大化Pparameter參數(shù)partialderivative偏導數(shù)partialequilibrium局部平衡patent專利payoffmatrix利潤矩陣、支付矩陣perceiveddemandcurve感覺到的需求曲線perfectcompetition完整競爭perfectcomplement完整互補品perfectmonopoly完整壟斷perfectpricediscrimination完整價錢鄙視perfectsubstitution完整代替品perfectinelasticity完整無彈性perfectlyelastic完整有彈性perfectlyinelastic完整無彈性plantsize工廠規(guī)模pointelasticity點彈性positiveeconomics實證經(jīng)濟學prediction展望preference偏好preferencerelation偏好關系presentvalue現(xiàn)值price價錢priceadjustmentmodel價風格整模型priceceiling最高限價priceconsumptioncurve價錢費曲線pricecontrol價錢管束pricedifference價錢差異pricediscrimination價錢鄙視priceelasticityofdemand需求價錢彈性priceelasticityofsupply供應價錢彈性pricefloor最低限價pricemaker價錢擬訂者pricerigidity價錢剛性priceseeker價錢搜求者pricetaker價錢接受者pricetax從價稅privatebenefit個人利潤principal—agentissues拜托--代理問題privatecost個人成本privategoods個人用品privateproperty個人財富producerequilibrium生產(chǎn)者平衡producertheory生產(chǎn)者理論product產(chǎn)品producttransformationcurve產(chǎn)品變換曲線productdifferentiation產(chǎn)品差異productgroup產(chǎn)品公司production生產(chǎn)productioncontractcurve生產(chǎn)契約曲線productionefficiency生產(chǎn)效率productionfunction生產(chǎn)函數(shù)productionpossibilitycurve生產(chǎn)可能性曲線productivity生產(chǎn)率productivityofcapital資本生產(chǎn)率productivityoflabor勞動生產(chǎn)率

profit利潤profitfunction利潤函數(shù)profitmaximization利潤極大化propertyrights產(chǎn)權propertyrightseconomics產(chǎn)權經(jīng)濟學proposition定理proportionaldemandcurve成比率的需求曲線publicbenefits公共利潤publicchoice公共選擇publicgoods公共商品purecompetition純粹競爭rivalry抗衡性、競爭pureexchange純互換puremonopoly純粹壟斷Qquantity—adjustmentmodel數(shù)目調整模型quantitytax從量稅quasi—rent準租金Rrateofproducttransformation產(chǎn)品變換率rationality理性reactionfunction反響函數(shù)regulation調理，調控relativeprice相對價錢rent租金rentcontrol規(guī)模酬勞rentseeking尋租rentseekingeconomics尋租經(jīng)濟學resource資源resourceallocation資源配置returns酬勞、回報returnstoscale規(guī)模酬勞revealedpreference顯示性偏好revenue利潤revenuecurve利潤曲線revenuefunction利潤函數(shù)revenuemaximization利潤極大化ridgeline脊線risk風險Ssatiation飽和，知足saving積蓄scarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法例second—degreepricediscrimination二級價錢鄙視secondderivative--階導數(shù)second—ordercondition二階條件service勞務set集shadowprices影子價錢short—run短期short—runcostcurve短期成本曲線short—runequilibrium短期平衡short—runsupplycurve短期供應曲線shutdowndecision封閉決議shortage欠缺shutdownpoint封閉點singlepricemonopoly單調訂價壟斷slope斜率socialbenefit社會利潤socialcost社會成本socialindifferencecurve社會無差異曲線socialpreference社會偏好socialsecurity社會保障socialwelfarefunction社會福利函數(shù)socialism社會主義soluti