Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ閱讀理解A(2019·煙臺(tái)診療)Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.“Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents’health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies，”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents’ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20-yearperiodwasone-thirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren，comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn’trelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenon-helperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive，”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtake__into__accounttheirparents’needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare，”hesuggested.“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,what‘properamountsofhelp’means，”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(強(qiáng)度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”【解題導(dǎo)語】德國(guó)柏林一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，祖父親母親適合地幫忙照料孫輩比不照料孫輩的老年人壽命長(zhǎng)。1．Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?A．Humanevolutionaryhistory.B．Demandofmodernsociety.C．Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.D．Dataonmanyelderlypeople.D分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知，上的老人的數(shù)據(jù)剖析得來的。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。2．InArpino’sopinion,childcare________．

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是從對(duì)

500多個(gè)

70歲以A．issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnessesB．a(chǎn)llowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullifeC．createsmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeopleD．makessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)題干中的“Arpino’sopinion”定位至文章第五段中的“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeeluseful

forothersandsociety.

”可知，看護(hù)兒童讓看護(hù)人感覺生活有了目的，因?yàn)樗麄兏杏X自己對(duì)別人和社會(huì)是實(shí)用的，也就是說，看護(hù)兒童能夠使他們感覺生活得存心義。應(yīng)選3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph

B項(xiàng)。6probablymean?A．Limit.C．Favor.D分析：詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第六段中的“awayfromotherbeneficialactivitieswillingness,anddesiresandagreewith

B．Ignore.D．Consider.toomanycaringresponsibilities”及下文的“...theirparentsthemonthetimingandamountof

cantake’needs,childcare”可知，過多的照看責(zé)任會(huì)使老人沒法從事其余存心義的活動(dòng)，所以孩子應(yīng)試慮老人的需求、意向和渴求，贊同他們照料孩子的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度和強(qiáng)度的選擇。由此可猜想，takeintoaccount意為“考慮”，與consider意義鄰近。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?A．Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.B．Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.C．Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.D．Caregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerlife.C分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最后一段中的“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(強(qiáng)度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”可知，只需你幫忙的強(qiáng)度不會(huì)讓你感覺有壓力，這對(duì)別人、對(duì)你自己都是有利處的。由此可知，適合地照料兒童對(duì)祖父親母親有利處。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。B(2019·石家莊高三模擬)TooGoodToGoisasmartphoneappwhichallowsrestaurantstosellfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownawayatdiscountpricesfromaslittleas￡2toamaximumof￡3.80,evenifthemealsaresoldfromtheveryfinestrestaurantsinthecountry.OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeedsinJune,theservicehasrecentlybeenintroducedintotheUnitedKingdombyacoupleofyoungentrepreneurs(公司家)．Millionsoftonsoffoodsarethrowninthetrasheveryyear,withrestaurantsaccountingforalargepart,soeco-entrepreneursChrisWilsonandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostopfoodwaste.UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.TooGoodToGoisveryconvenientforusers.RestaurantsmakefoodavailableontheTooGoodToGoappandwebsite.Peoplecanlookthroughtheavailabledishesonthesmartphones,payforthemusingacreditcardandpickthemupatasettime,anhourbeforeclosingtime.AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale,itscreatorssaytheendgoalistouseitforrestaurantstosolvetheirwastemanagementproblem,ratherthanmakingaprofit.Wilsonclaims,“Theideaisthatrestaurantsstopproducingtheextrafoodsotheydon’tneedtothrowitawayinthetrash,andwereallywanttoputourselvesoutofbusinessbystoppingfoodwaste.”BirminghamhasbecomethelatestcitywhererestaurantscanreducefoodwastetothelowestlimitbyworkingwiththeTooGoodToGosocialenterpriseapp.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了TooGoodToGo這款手機(jī)軟件，它可以幫助飯館以較低的價(jià)錢辦理要拋棄的食品，這樣既防止了浪費(fèi)，又給那些需要的人供給了爽口的食品。5．WherewasTooGoodToGooriginallylaunched?A．InDenmark.B．InBrighton.C．InBirmingham.D．IntheU．S.B分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeeds”可知，這款軟件最先是在Denmark創(chuàng)建出來，在Brighton和Leeds倡始的，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。6．What’stheappintendedtodo?A．Makeaprofitbysellingfoodonthewebsite.B．Allowrestaurantstosellfoodatlowprices.C．Helprestaurantstodealwithleftoverfood.D．Callonrestaurantstosavefoodandmoney.C分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第二段中的“...soandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostop

eco-entrepreneurfoodwaste...but

sChrisWilsongivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.

”可知，這款軟件的目的是阻擋食品浪費(fèi)，不單幫助飯館節(jié)儉花費(fèi)，并且給那些需要的人供給一個(gè)廉價(jià)品味佳肴的時(shí)機(jī)，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。7．Howdidthecreatorsoftheappmakeprofits?A．Bysellingcopiesoftheapp.B．Bytakingafeefrombuyers.C．Bychargingrestaurantsforeachsale.D．Bygettingdonationsfromentrepreneurs.C分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段中的“AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale”可知，該軟件的創(chuàng)建者是經(jīng)過向飯館的每一單買賣收費(fèi)來賺錢的，所以選C項(xiàng)。8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Peoplecanpaylessmoneyforarichmeal.B．Theappismainlydesignedtohelpthepoor.C．Dishescanbesoldtomakealotofprofits.D．Peoplecangettheirorderedfoodathome.A分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“TooGoodToGhecountry.”和第二段中的“UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.”能夠推知，因?yàn)門ooGoodToGo軟件的出現(xiàn)，人們能夠花比較少的錢吃一頓豐盛的飯，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ完形填空(2019·山西八校第一次聯(lián)考

)Oneday,

while

wewerevisiting

myparents

onafarminlatesummer,Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard.Momagreedthatthetreeswere__1__．Likemanyotherparents,minewerehardto__2__for,soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomethingthey’d__3__．Ialsothoughttwowouldbeevenbetter.Icheckedthe__4__atworkanddecideditwasabitmorethanIcould__5__—butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees.InnorthernOhio，youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas,sowedecidedto__6__MomandDadwithaspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground__7__．Weaskedmyauntifshe’dhelpuswiththe“__8__”，andshecalledmyparents__9__tosayshewascomingforaSundayvisit.Thenmysistersandsisters-in-lawwentinto__10__，planningabigholidayturkeydinner.Onthe__11__Sunday,weallmetatmyhouseand__12__thetreesintoatruck.I__13__asSantaClaus.Whenwearrivedatmyparents’house，Dadwas__14__somethingwaswrongfirst.HeandMomwereamazedwhenwetoldthem__15__wewerethere.WhenChristmas__16__，ofcourse,wecouldn’tgotoourparents’houseempty-handed,soMomandDadgot__17__presentsthatyear.Almosthalfacenturylater,I__18__drivebytheoldfarmandsmilewhenIseethosebig,handsome__19__andremembergivingaspecial__20__tospecialpeopleatChristmasinOctober.【解題導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇記述文。作者敘述了自己和親人們一同用特其余方式給其父母帶來欣喜的經(jīng)歷。1．A.distinctive

B．fragrantC．expensive

D．prettyD分析：上文說起父親想要在庭院栽種一棵楓樹，下文說起“故此處應(yīng)是母親也欣然贊同，以為楓樹很美麗(pretty)。distinctivefragrant“芬芳的”；expensive“貴的”。

thosebig,handsome”，“獨(dú)出心裁的”；2．A.shop

B．representC．a(chǎn)nswer

D．careA分析：依據(jù)上文的“

Likemanyotherparents

，

minewerehardto

”，下文的“soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomething

”以及接下來介紹的作者兄弟姐妹幾人為父親母親買禮品的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者感覺給父親母親買東西是很難的，應(yīng)選shop“購物”。3．A.deserveB．a(chǎn)ppreciateC．a(chǎn)dvertiseD．imagine分析：依據(jù)上文的“Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard...”及下文介紹的為父親母親買禮品的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者以為這是一個(gè)給父母買他們賞識(shí)的東西的好時(shí)機(jī)。deserve“值得，應(yīng)得”；appreciate“感謝，賞識(shí)”；advertise“為做廣告”；imagine“想象”。4．A.result

B．numberC．priceD．expressC分析：依據(jù)下文的“butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees”可知，作者在上班時(shí)查察了一下楓樹的價(jià)錢(price)，以為它的價(jià)錢比自己能支付得起(afford)的還要高一點(diǎn)。5．A.affordB．expectC．fancy

D．handle分析：拜見上題分析。6．A.frighten

B．a(chǎn)ssistC．surprise

D．reward分析：從下文作者結(jié)合其姑姑來幫忙實(shí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃以及計(jì)劃詳細(xì)實(shí)行的內(nèi)容可知，作者他們想給父親母親一個(gè)欣喜(surprise)。7．A.warmedB．frozeC．softenedD．darkenedB分析：依據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“InnorthernOhio,youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas”及“aspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍以前讓父親母親度過一個(gè)特其余圣誕節(jié)。freeze“結(jié)冰”切合語境。8．A.trickB．purchaseC．choiceD．decorationA分析：依據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者咨詢姑姑能否能夠幫忙實(shí)行這個(gè)“騙局(trick)”。9．A.inadvanceB．intimeC．byaccidentD．onpurposeA分析：依據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者的姑姑提早(inadvance)給作者的父親母親打電話說她會(huì)在周日來拜見。intime“實(shí)時(shí)”；byaccident“不測(cè)處”；onpurpose“成心地”。10．A.serviceB．a(chǎn)ctionC．effectD．productionB分析：依據(jù)下文的“planningabigholidayturkeydinner”可知，隨后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行動(dòng)起來。gointoaction“行動(dòng)起來”切合語境。gointoservice“投入使用”；gointoeffect“奏效”；gointoproduction“投入生產(chǎn)”。11．A.regularB．separateC．givenD．chosenD分析：依據(jù)語境可知，作者和親人們?cè)谶x定的(chosen)那個(gè)周日聚到自己家里。12．A.sortedB．loadedC．transportedD．transplantedB分析：依據(jù)下文的“thetreesintoatruck”可知，作者他們把樹裝上(loaded)卡車。sort“整理”；transport“運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送”；transplant“移植”。13．A.dressedupB．passedoffC．lookedonD．startedout分析：依據(jù)下文的“asSantaClaus”可知，作者把自己裝束(dre