Period2Grammar山東省無棣縣第一高級中學(xué)

仝會(huì)娟P(guān)art1.Grammar1Step1.ObservationLookatthetwosentencesinActivity1anddiscusswhicheventhappenedfirst.1.Whicheventhappenedfirst?thetornadoending700peopledying(c)travellingbacktoCanada(d)beingburiedinTexas2.Howcanyoushowthatoneeventhappenedbeforeanother?Suggestedanswer:1.b,d2.Byusingatensewhichisfurtherinthepast(inthiscasethepastperfecttense)Step2.ExplantionLoohatthefollowinggrammaticalrules.(1)概念：表示過去的過去其構(gòu)成是had+過去分詞構(gòu)成。(2)用法

a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.b.狀語從句

在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.c.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.(3)過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。

.:1.HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.2.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.

3.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語為動(dòng)作的承受者。只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的具體用法如下所表示：用法例句不清楚動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)候(1)TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.(2)Hisbikewasstolen.沒有必要或不想指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(1)PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(2)Doyouknowwhenthebuildingwasbuilt?強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者(1)Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.(2)Thispaintingwaspainted.Step3.ExercisesFinishActivity2&3onPage24andpresenttheiranswers.Activity2Afterthehurricane,Mary______(see)thattheroofofherhouse______________(disappear)2.She_______(return)homeand____________(find)allherfurniture______________(ruin)bytheflood.3.Arthurwassurprisedwhenhe___________(arrive)homebecausethetornado_________(take)thefeathersoffhischickens.4.We___________(leave)thehousewhenthethunderstorm______________(fininsh).5.He___________(try)todrivebacktohishomeBeforetheflood____________(pass)throughtheVillage.Suggestedanswer:1.saw,haddisappeared2.returned,found,hadbeenruined3.arrived,hadtaken4.left,hadfinished5.tried,passedActivity31.Aftertheearthquake,theydiscoveredthatseveralpeople_______________________2.Whenthehurricaneended,severalbuildingsinthetown________________________________Hisvillage________________________________intheheavyrain,sohemovedtohisparents’house.4.Whenshewokeup,shefoundthatherhouse_______________________bythethunderstorm.5.Arthurwasunhappybecausesomeofhisanimals______________________.Suggestedanswer:1.hadbeenkilled/haddied2.hadbeendestroyed/hadfallendown3.hadbeenflooded/hadbeendestroyed4.hadbeendestroyed5.haddied/hadbeenkilledStep4.TestWhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.has;beensent

B.had;sent

C.has;sentD.had;beensent2.We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.hadlearnedB.learned

C.havelearned

D.willhavelearned3.HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch,soshewasveryhungry.A.hashadB.hasn’thaveC.havehadD.hadn’thad4.Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_____builtinthecity.A.havebeenB.haveC.hadbeenD.will5.She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.A.hasleft;comesB.hadleft;wouldcomeC.hadleft;cameD.left;hadcome6.HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.haveenjoyedD.havebeenenjoying7.Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.A.hasbegun;getB.hasbeenon;getC.hadbegun;gotD.hadbeenon;gotSuggestedanswer:1-5DADCC6-7ACPart2.Grammar2Step1.Observation1.“I’mabeatifulgirl.”Shesaid(Directspeech)Shesaidshewasabeatifulgirl.(IndirectSpeech)定義：直接引語:直接引用別人的話,把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。間接引語:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。2.Tensechangesinindirectspeech“I’mstillworkingbecausethereisalottodo.”hesaid.Hesaidthathewasstillworkingbecausetherewasalottodo.(presentsimplebecomespastsimple)Hesaid,“Eleventhousandpeoplelivehereandsixthousandleftlastweek.”Hesaidthateleventhousandpeoplelivedthereandsixthousandhadleftaweekbefore.(presentsimplebecomespastsimple;pastsimplebecomespastperfect;Herebecomesthere;lastweekbecomesaweekbefore.)“Doesthismeanthatthedangerisover?”heasked.Heaskedifthismeantthatthedangerwasover.(presentsimplebecomespastsimple;Weadd“if”ifthedirectspeechisa“Yes/Noquestion”.)3.RulesGiveSsthegrammaticalpointsofindirectspeech.直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。(1)直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞that引導(dǎo)。(2)直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether可以互換，但后有ornot，或在動(dòng)詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí)，一般只用whether。(3)直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引導(dǎo)。(4)直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定前加tell,ask,order等的賓語。(5)一些注意事項(xiàng)①直接引語是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。②直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。如：this/that→these/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)就在原來的地方，就在說話的當(dāng)天，就不必改變指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等。③間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。Step2.ExerciseFinishtheexerciseatActivity2,Page26.1.Volcaniceruptionsdon’thappenveryoftenontheisland.Ascientistsaidthat__________________________________________________.2.Noonewasontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption.Alocaljournalistsaidthat__________________________________________________.3.Thethunderstormwillputoutthefires.Localpeoplesaidthat__________________________________________________.4.Theresidentscangobacktotheirhomes.Thegovernorsaidthat__________________________________________________.5.Sevaleruptionshavetakenplaceinthelasttwentyyears.Alocalradiostationsaidtha