2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2020620206SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordpassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullyforeachblankfollowingthebeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please2020620206SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordpassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullyforeachblankfollowingthebeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleaseAnswerSheetnotuseanymarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaythewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Walking,ifyoudoitbestexerciseforequipment,everyoneriskofinjury.Thevigorouslyenough,istheoverallphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnohowtodoitanditcarriesthebodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildbothofwhichshrinkwithage.dostrengthtrainingtwoorand50boneandmusclemass,general,youwillwanttodaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.importantasflexibilityandbalancetrainingare52thebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated(潤滑).Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple：wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.A)allowingF)helpingK)preventB)avoidableG)increasinglyL)principleC)brieflyH)lowestM)provokeD)componentI)maintainN)seriouslyE)determinedJ)maximumO)topic參考答案47.H.lowest48.J.maximum49.D.component50.I.maintain51.A.allowing52.G.increasingly53.B.avoidable54.K.prevent55.L.principle56.C.tensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated(潤滑).Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple：wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.A)allowingF)helpingK)preventB)avoidableG)increasinglyL)principleC)brieflyH)lowestM)provokeD)componentI)maintainN)seriouslyE)determinedJ)maximumO)topic參考答案47.H.lowest48.J.maximum49.D.component50.I.maintain51.A.allowing52.G.increasingly53.B.avoidable54.K.prevent55.L.principle56.C.brieflySectionBDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedB),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation：Whynotpoliciesandapplythemtodisplayed?takealessonfromalcoholcontrolwherefoodissoldandhowit’s“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖癥)assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowSectionBDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedB),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation：Whynotpoliciesandapplythemtodisplayed?takealessonfromalcoholcontrolwherefoodissoldandhowit’s“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖癥)assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidingandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethermationtwo“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem：Densityrestrictions：licensestohandedoutunplannedtoallcomers配)basedonthenumberofplacesinsellalcoholaren’tareallotted(分areathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem：Densityrestrictions：licensestohandedoutunplannedtoallcomers配)basedonthenumberofplacesinsellalcoholaren’tareallotted(分areathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?prohibitingandsalesrestrictions：Californiahasarulealcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodhavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey’recouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofcompaniespaytoeasilyseen.Onestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatincluderestrictingspecialpricecheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.57.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.60.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.60.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.B)Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.C)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.D)Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.參考答案57.C58.C59.D60.D61.CSectionCPassageOneQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy(破產(chǎn))protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自滿),”thatexplanationdoesn’tacknow-ledgethelengthstowhichitself.Decadesago,photographywouldinventedthefirstthecompanyanticipatedfilm—andwenttoreinventC)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.D)Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.參考答案57.C58.C59.D60.D61.CSectionCPassageOneQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy(破產(chǎn))protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自滿),”thatexplanationdoesn’tacknow-ledgethelengthstowhichitself.Decadesago,photographywouldinventedthefirstthecompanyanticipatedfilm—andwenttoreinventthatdigitalinfact,Kodakcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn’tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,RebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinesssaidSchool,tobutratherthatconfrontit.Bywastoolate.itfailedtothetimetheexecuteonastrategycompanyrealizeditsmistake,itKodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.temptationAlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitablerisephotography,itscorporateculturewastoothesuccessesofthepastforittomakethenecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereofdigitalrootedinbreakcompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%offorphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapaneseso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.temptationAlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitablerisephotography,itscorporateculturewastoothesuccessesofthepastforittomakethenecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereofdigitalrootedinbreakcompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%offorphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesethemarketcameras.ButfilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforthewasfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak’sdecisionnottopursueroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicsamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.62.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?A)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.B)Itisapproachingitsdownfall.C)Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.D)Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.63.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?A)Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.B)Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.C)Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedig