Unit3Backtothepast知識(shí)清單1.___________n.文明2.___________vi.(火山等的)爆發(fā)3.___________vi.涌流，傾瀉vt.倒出(液體)4.___________vt.裝飾，裝潢5.___________vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速離開(kāi)6.___________vt.毀壞，摧毀7.___________adj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的8.___________n.(教育、專(zhuān)業(yè)等的)機(jī)構(gòu)；研究所9.___________n.廢墟，毀壞

v.破壞，毀滅civilizationruineruptpourdecoratefleedestroycommercialinstitute單詞(一)基本單詞10.____________prep.在……之下11.____________vi.爆炸12.____________n.詞語(yǔ)；表達(dá)；表情13.____________n.觀眾，聽(tīng)眾14.____________n.儀式，典禮15.____________adv.在前面；提前，預(yù)先16.____________v.使腐化，使墜落

adj．貪污的，腐敗的17.____________n.審訊，審理；試驗(yàn)；考驗(yàn)18.____________n.法官，審判員；裁判員aheadtrialjudgebeneathexplodeexpressionaudienceceremonycorrupt19.________n.講座20.________vt.興建，創(chuàng)建21.________n.火山22.________n.灰，灰燼23.___________n.研究者，調(diào)查者24._____________adj.逼真的25.________n.災(zāi)難26.__________adv.漸漸地，逐漸地27.___________n.沙塵暴lecturefoundvolcanoashresearchertrue-to-lifedisastergraduallysandstorm28._________n.學(xué)者29.___________adj.文化的30._________n.材料；物質(zhì)adj.物質(zhì)的31.__________n.文獻(xiàn)；文件32.________adv.&adj.在附近(的)33.________adj.極度的；極端的34._________adj.木制的35._________n.皮革36.___________n.儀式，典禮37.__________n.共和國(guó)scholarculturalmaterialdocumentnearbyextremewoodenleatherceremonyrepublic38._______n.港口39.______n.海軍，海軍部隊(duì)40._________adj.強(qiáng)有力的41.__________adj.幸運(yùn)的42._________n.飛機(jī)43._________n.紀(jì)念碑，紀(jì)念館adj.紀(jì)念的44.________n.雕像，雕塑45.________vi.&n.前進(jìn)，進(jìn)發(fā)；游行46._______n.輝煌；榮耀harbornavypowerfulfortunateaircraftmemorialstatuemarchglory47._______adj.遼闊的；巨大的48.________n.薪金，薪水49._______n.基礎(chǔ)，基準(zhǔn)；原因50._______n.法庭；球場(chǎng)51.____________n.哲學(xué)vastsalarybasiscourtphilosophy52．

adj.不幸的，遺憾的→

adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遺憾地→

adj.幸運(yùn)的→

adv.幸運(yùn)地53．

adj.富有的；富裕的→

n．財(cái)富；錢(qián)財(cái)；財(cái)產(chǎn)54．

n．遺物，遺跡，遺骸→

v．遺留，剩余；繼續(xù)存在→

adj.剩余的55．

vi.抱怨→

n.抱怨56．

n.解決辦法，解答→

v.解決remainsremainremainingunfortunatelyfortunatefortunatelycomplainunfortunatesolutionwealthwealthycomplaintsolve(二)派生單詞57．

vt.宣布，宣稱(chēng)→

n．宣布；宣告；聲明58．

v.教育→

n．教育59．

adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺(jué)到的→

n．意識(shí)60．

n．毒藥，毒物

vt.毒害，下毒→

adj.有毒的educateeducationdeclaredeclarationawareawarenesspoisonpoisonous1.__________________奪?。唤庸?.__________________被活埋3.__________________裝飾著……4.__________________在船上(飛機(jī)上或火車(chē)上)5.__________________紀(jì)念6.__________________無(wú)疑，確實(shí)takeoverbeburiedalivebedecoratedwithonboardinmemoryofnodoubt短語(yǔ)7._________________起義，反抗8._________________阻礙(某人)9.__________________患(病)10._________________受夠了……，對(duì)……感到厭煩riseupagainststandinone’spathcomedownwithhaveenoughof1.Manypeoplewereburiedalive,andsowas

thecity!

so+連系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)，此結(jié)構(gòu)是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。2.TodayIsawtheancientRomancityofPompeiiasitwas2,000yearsago.as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句句式核心要點(diǎn)1.ruinn.廢墟，遺跡；毀壞，毀滅，崩潰v.破壞；毀滅/壞，使破產(chǎn)【歸納】

come/gotoruin

毀滅，滅亡；落空inruins成為廢墟，破敗不堪

fallintoruin滅亡，荒廢

bring...toruin使毀滅，使落空ruinone’shope(s)

使某人的希望破滅單詞①

Theheavyrain___________________.大雨把我們的假期徹底搞糟了。②Youwill_______________________ifyoucontinuetobesofoolish.如果你繼續(xù)此種愚行,你就將自毀前程。③Allthetownswere___________aftertheearthquake.地震后所有城鎮(zhèn)都成了廢墟。④Whathasbroughthishope_________?是什么使他的希望落空了？ruinedourholidayruinyourfutureinruinstoruin2.remainsn.遺物，遺跡，遺?。皇Ｓ辔铩練w納】

theremainsof...

……的遺跡【拓展】

remainv.

留下；仍然是

remain＋形容詞/名詞/分詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

保持……

remaintobedone有待于被做

remainingadj.

剩余的①Theyfoundtheremainsofancientvillages.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了古代村落的遺跡。②He’sdeterminedtoremainloyaltotheteamwhatevercomeshisway.

他決心不管發(fā)生什么事都忠于球隊(duì)。③

Povertyremainsaconsiderableprobleminmanypartsoftheworld.

在世界很多地方，貧窮仍是一個(gè)亟待重視的問(wèn)題。④Nowthattheproblemissolved,nothingremainstobesaid.

問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了，沒(méi)什么說(shuō)頭兒了。⑤Fewchildrenremainedintheschoolbeyondtheageof15then.

那時(shí)很少有十五歲以上的兒童繼續(xù)上學(xué)的。⑥

Apartfrom3000yuanbasicsalary,the

remainingincomeisfloatingwages.

除3000的底薪外，剩余的收入都是浮動(dòng)工資。

3.complainvi.抱怨【歸納】complain(tosb.)about/ofsth./that...

(向某人)抱怨……

complainofsth.訴說(shuō)(病痛等)

【拓展】complaintn.

抱怨；投訴

makeacomplaintagainst/about...

對(duì)……進(jìn)行投訴①She_____________________hisrudeness.她向我抱怨他的粗魯。②TheBeijingcitizens______________notbeingabletobreathefreshairbecauseofthethickfoglastyear.去年由于濃霧北京市民抱怨不能呼吸新鮮空氣。③Ibelieveyou_________________________oneofournurses.我認(rèn)為你對(duì)我們的一位護(hù)士有怨言。complainedofcomplainedtomeaboutmakeacomplaintagainst4.declare

vt.宣布，宣告；聲明；表明；宣稱(chēng)；(公開(kāi))表明態(tài)度【歸納】declarewaron/against...

向……宣戰(zhàn)declaresb./sth.(tobe)＋adj.

宣布某人/某物……declarefor/against...

表示贊成/不贊成……declaretosb./sth.that...

向……宣布某事①Germany_______________Franceon1stAugust,1914.

德國(guó)在1914年8月1日向法國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)。②Shedeclaredherselfextremelyhurtbyherlackofsupport.

她說(shuō)自己非常傷心，因?yàn)闆](méi)有得到支持。declaredwaron辨析：declare,announce“宣布、宣告”，指正式就某事公開(kāi)地作出明確的說(shuō)明，其后可接名詞、從句、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；表明態(tài)度時(shí)加介詞for(贊成)/against(反對(duì))“宣布、宣稱(chēng)”，指首次宣布人們所關(guān)心的事，有預(yù)告的含義，通常是關(guān)于生死、結(jié)婚、災(zāi)害信息或客人的到來(lái)等，其后常接名詞、從句作賓語(yǔ)①Theyhaven’tformally

theirengagementyet.②Thetwocheaters

themtobeexcellentinthetreatmentforcancer.announceddeclared用announce或declare的適當(dāng)形式填空。5.awareadj.意識(shí)到的，知道的，察覺(jué)到的【歸納】

be/becomeawareof

知道/意識(shí)到……

makesb.awareofsth.讓某人知道某事

be/becomeawarethat/wh-從句

知道/意識(shí)到……asfarasI’maware據(jù)我所知①She________________thedifficultiesthathadtobeovercome.她很清楚必須克服哪些困難。②AsfarasI__________,theyareahappycouple.據(jù)我所知，他們是幸福的一對(duì)。③Theirsuddenattackmadeus______________thedangeraroundus.他們突然的攻擊使我們更加注意我們周?chē)奈ｋU(xiǎn)。④Advertisementaimsto______________________andarouseinterest.廣告的目的是提高人們的知曉程度以及引起興趣。waswellawareofamawaremoreawareofincreasepeople’sawareness6.judgevt.判斷；審判；裁判n.法官；裁判員【歸納】

judge...from/by...根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷……

judgesb./sth.tobe...判斷某人/事……

so/asfarasIcanjudge依我判斷①Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.

勿以貌取人。②Itwasunfairtojudgeheronsuchabriefacquaintanceship.你剛認(rèn)識(shí)她就對(duì)她作出評(píng)價(jià)，這是不公平的。③Thejudge’sremarkscausedpublicoutrage.

裁判的話引起了公憤。judgingfrom/by?？醋魇枪潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)，在句子中一般作狀語(yǔ)，即獨(dú)立成分，judging不能換成judged。___________________herlastletter,theyarehavingawonderfultime.從她上封信看，他們過(guò)得非常愉快。Judgingby/from1.takeover接收，接管；接住，接替【拓展take相關(guān)短語(yǔ)】

takeafter與……相像takeup從事；占用；繼續(xù)(被中斷的事)takeapart拆開(kāi)；拆卸takeback收回；使回憶起takeoff脫下；起飛；休假；(事業(yè))騰飛短語(yǔ)takeon雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)；接納takedown拆除；記下takein欺騙；(充分)理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)；吸取，吸收①Hersingingcareer_________afterherTVappearance.她在電視上亮相后，演唱事業(yè)迅速騰飛了。②Witheconomyrecovering,moreandmoreworkersare____________.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)，越來(lái)越多的工人受到雇用。③Wecan____________oxygenfromtheair.我們能從空氣中吸取氧氣。tookofftakenontakein2.nodoubt無(wú)疑，確定【拓展】

indoubt懷疑，不確定without/beyonddoubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)castdoubton使人對(duì)……產(chǎn)生懷疑Thereisnodoubtaboutsth./that...毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……doubt

v.肯定句：whether或if引導(dǎo)否定句和疑問(wèn)句：that引導(dǎo)n.肯定句：whether引導(dǎo)否定句和疑問(wèn)句：that引導(dǎo)}賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句}①________hewillcalluswhenhegetsthere.

他到達(dá)那里后必定會(huì)給我們打電話。

②Theresearchshowed______________thatsmokingcontributestoheartdisease.

這項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病。③____________________themeasurestakenbythegovernmentwillhelptheeconomyimprove.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)政府采取的這些措施將會(huì)有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)的好轉(zhuǎn)。NodoubtbeyonddoubtThereisnodoubtthat3.inmemoryof紀(jì)念【拓展類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)】

inhopeof滿懷希望insearchof搜尋inhonorof為了紀(jì)念inneedof需要inplaceof代替infavorof支持1.Manypeoplewereburiedalive,andsowas

thecity!◆【句析】此句是一個(gè)_____句。第二個(gè)分句是一個(gè)_________句。并列倒裝句式so+連系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)，此結(jié)構(gòu)是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。其中so代替上文中所陳述的情況或動(dòng)作，表示“也是一樣”，“也是如此”，用于肯定句后。否定句后使用neither/nor；如果兩種或兩種以上的情況也同樣適用于某人或某物時(shí)，或者既有肯定形式又有否定形式時(shí)，要用句型Soitiswithsb.或It’sthesamewithsb.。①----Ilikegreenverymuch.我非常喜歡綠色。----___________.我也是。②Mysistercandancebeautifully,and_________.我姐姐舞跳得很優(yōu)美，我也能。③

Tomwasn’tatschoollastweek,and___________________.上星期湯姆沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)，杰克也沒(méi)來(lái)。④

----Heisanaughtyboyanddoesn’tlikestudying.他是個(gè)淘氣的孩子，不喜歡學(xué)習(xí)。----_____________________________________.邁克也是這樣。SodoIsocanIIt’sthesamewithMike./SoitiswithMikeneitherwasJackso+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，表示同意前面所述動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。①----Lovelyday,isn’tit?天氣不錯(cuò)，不是嗎？----_________.的確如此。②Hepromisedtokeepitsecretand________.他許諾會(huì)保密，他確實(shí)是這樣做的。Soitissohedid2.TodayIsawtheancientRomancityofPompeiiasitwas2,000yearsago.◆【句析】此句是一個(gè)_____句。as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)_________從句。如：復(fù)合方式狀語(yǔ)Don’ttrytochangeyourself;youlookfineasyouare.不要費(fèi)事兒改變你自己，你現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)挺好。

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，作“既然，由于”解；引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，用于as…as…或notso/as…as…中；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的其他用法：①Ourhouseisasbigastheirs.

我們的房子和他們的一樣大。②AsIreadEnglisheverymorning,myEnglishimprovedrapidly.

因?yàn)槲颐刻煸缟献x英語(yǔ)，所以進(jìn)步很快。③Strangeasitmayseem,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.

盡管看起來(lái)很奇怪，但這次事故中沒(méi)人受傷。④Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.

你會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)越來(lái)越聰明。I.根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示，寫(xiě)出該單詞的正確形式（每空限填一詞）。Thet_____wassetforAugust7th,leavingmejustthreemonthstopreparemydefence.2.Thewholesystemwasc_______—everyofficialsheapproachedwantedmoneybeforehelpingher.trialcorrupt鞏固練習(xí)3.Withe_______frightattheexplosion,thedoglayunderthebed,itsbodytremblingviolently.4.Whatteachersaretryingtodoistoe_____youngpeopletoberesponsiblecitizens.5.Artandmusicareamongthegreatproductsofhumanc_________.6.Therearenormallythree______(評(píng)委)forthenationalpoetrycompetition.extremeeducatecivilizationjudges7.Themagicshowhadalotof_________(觀眾)participation,withpeopleshoutingthingstotheperformersandgoinguponstage.8.Sufferingabitterdefeat,ourteamdidn’texactlycoveritselfwith______(榮譽(yù))today.9.Ifeltasharppainandlookeddowntoseeblood________(涌流)frommyleg.audienceglorypouringII.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Theagreementbetweenthepartieswillprovidethe_______(base)forfuturenegotiations.2.Studentsneedtohavetimeforrelaxationand_________(culture)activities,aswellasforacademicwork.3.Electricitylinesto30,000homeswere__________(gradual)restoredyesterday.basisculturalgradually4.Environmentalistssaythattheroadwilldestroythe_______(remain)ofthe