Grammar非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種形式。其中,分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語不定式通常表示具體的、一次性的動(dòng)作,特別是將來的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞通常表示一般的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或用在use,good,harm等抽象名詞后面。Swimmingisoneofthebestall-roundexercises.Itkeepsmeingoodshape.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwellbutifyouhangon,youwillsucceedintheend.It’snousearguingwithhim.非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語動(dòng)名詞表示抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；不定式表示某一具體的、將來的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的特征,通常表示"令人……的"；過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài),通常表示"感到……的"。如:ThespeechgivenbyMr.Smithwasverymovingandweweremovedtotears.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語有些動(dòng)詞后面只能跟不定式作賓語,如:want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語,如:admit,advise,advocate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,finish,imagine,mind,practice,miss,resist,appreciate等。有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語:有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞,意義上無太大區(qū)別,如:love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start,continue等；有些意義有區(qū)別,如:remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,can’thelp,goon等。如:Haveyourememberedbuyingarulerforme?Pleaseremembertoreturnittohertomorrow.

非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語不定式作后置定語,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,表示"將要"發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、已經(jīng)完成；動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的用途。

Imuststopwritingnow,asIhaveratheralotofworktodo.Themanstandingoverthereistheverymanthatwehavebeentalkingabout.Onlythoseinvitedtotheinterviewwillreceiveareplytotheirapplication.非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語表示原因、目的和結(jié)果,分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨狀況或結(jié)果。作結(jié)果狀語時(shí),不定式表示預(yù)料之外的結(jié)果,而分詞常表示預(yù)料之中的結(jié)果。Heranallthewayuptothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleftfifteenminutesbefore.Thehurricanebroughtdownagreatnumberofhouses,makingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語不定式和分詞可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語,如:ask,tell,order,want,wish,warn,allow,advise,permit,forbid等。

有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟分詞作補(bǔ)足語,但意義不同:(1)在see,hear,watch,feel,observe,listento,notice等動(dòng)詞后,用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生(即處于發(fā)生的過程中),用不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了(即動(dòng)作全過程),注意主動(dòng)句中不定式不帶to,但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中必須帶to。Whenshesawhimcoming,sheturnedaroundandwalkedquicklytowardthecorner.Thethiefwasseentoslipintothehousejustnow.(2)havesb.do表示主體使客體干什么事；havesb.\sth.doing表示主體使客體處于某種狀態(tài);havesth.done表示動(dòng)作是別人做的或與主體意志無關(guān)。Atfirstshewasn’twillingtohaveherdaughter-in-lawgoouttowork.Theyhadtohaveallthelightsburningalldaylongbecauseofpoorlightintheroom.Wemusthavethemachinerepairedassoonaspossible.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectform(-ingor-ed)oftheverbs.Thesightoftheboatgoingunderwaterwas_________(worry).2.Huckgot_________(excite)whenherealizedtherewassomeoneontheboat.worryingexcited3.Themanwiththegunhada_______(satisfy)expressiononhisface.4.Themanonthefloorwasclearly_________(frighten).5.HuckandJimhadlotsof___________(frighten)experiencesontheriver.satisfiedfrightenedfrightening6.Ididn’tknowyouwere__________(interest)inMarkTwain.7.Yes,Ifindhisnovelsvery________(excite).8.Twaincertainlyhadanunusualand___________(interest)erestedexcitinginterestingCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectform(ingorto+infinitive)oftheverbs.Jimwanted____________(getaway)quickly.2.Hucksuggested________(take)themen’sboat.togetawaytaking3.HetoldJimtostop_______(make)anoise.4.ThenhepersuadedJim_______(help)him.5.Huckwasbeginning________(enjoy)himself.makingtohelptoenjoy6.Heparticularlyenjoyed________(play)atrickonthethreemen.7.I’dlike________(read)somethingelsebyTwain.8.Iadviseher_______(use)adictionary.playingtoreadtouse強(qiáng)化練習(xí)______thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.TobeapproachedAThaiistheonlywaywecanimagine______theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms. A.reducingB.toreduce C.reducedD.reduceBListen!Doyouhearsomeone_____forhelp? A.calling B.call C.tocall D.calledATheladywalkedaroundtheshops,______aneyeoutforbargains. A.keepB.kept C.keepingD.tokeepCTheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,_____thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms. A.enablingB.havingenabled C.toenableD.tohaveenabledAAlexandertriedtogethiswork_____inthemedicalcircles. A.torecognizeB.recognizing C.recognizeD.recognizedDHavingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool____tothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken解析：不定式表目的，又因D選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，故選C。CThelecture,____at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted根據(jù)lastnight可知start已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故排除C、D，不定式常表將來，B，beingdone一般表進(jìn)行，也排除。非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。A______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked

逗號(hào)前為原因狀語，空白處與句子的主語為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可排除表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系的B和C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)常作目的和結(jié)果狀語，不作原因狀語，也可排除，而A選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式，可作時(shí)間狀