課后閱讀訓(xùn)練十五Unit4Period30.閱讀理解AWeliveinaculturethatsendsoutverymixedmessagesaboutmistakes:We'retoldwelearnbymakingthem,butweworkhardtoavoidthem.Sotheresultisthatmostofusknowthatwearegoingtomakemistakes,butdeepdown,wefeelweshouldn't.Experimentswithschoolchildrenwhodidwellinagiventestshowthatthosewhowerepraisedforbeingsmartandthenofferedamorechallengingorlesschallengingtaskafterwardusuallychosetheeasierone.Ontheotherhand,childrenpraisedfortryinghard—ratherthanbeingsmart—farmoreoftenselectedthemoredifficulttask.Ifwetryhardtoavoidmistakes,wearen'topentogettingtheinformationweneedinordertodobetter.Inawritingstudy,experimentsshowedthatthosewhoweresoscaredtomakemistakesperformedworseinwritingtasksthanthosewhoweren'tasworriedaboutbeingperfect.Theyfearreceivinganykindofnegativefeedback,sotheydon'tlearnwheretheywentwrongandhowtogetbetter.Wedon/tjustlearnmorewhenwe'reopentomistakes,welearndeeper.Researchtellsusthatifwe'reonlyconcernedaboutgettingtherightanswer,wedon'talwayslearntheunderlyingconceptsthathelpustrulyunderstandwhateverwe'retryingtofigureout.Mistakesneedtobeseennotasafailuretolearn,butasaguidetowhatstillneedstobelearned.AsThomasEdisonsaid,“Iamnotdiscouraged,becauseeveryabandonedwrongattemptisanotherstepforward.”Furthermore,weoftenmakemistakesbecausewetrynewthings—wewanderawayfromacceptedpaths.Teflon,penicillin—theseareexamplesofgreatdiscoveriesmadebymistake.TakeapagefromAlbertEinstein,whosaid,“Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew."【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文講述了錯(cuò)誤對(duì)我們成長(zhǎng)的積極作用，并列舉了相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)和例子，并建議我們應(yīng)該用積極的態(tài)度對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤。Whatwillhappentostudentspraisedforbeingsmartinfaceofchoosingtaskscomparedtostudentspraisedforworkinghard?Theywillasktheirteachersforadvice.Theywillhidetheirmistakesfromtheirteachers.Theywillworkhardertoavoidmistakes.Theywillchoosealesschallengingtask.【解析】選Do細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文中第二段第一句可知〃對(duì)在測(cè)試中取得較好成績(jī)的學(xué)生做實(shí)驗(yàn)，給他們一個(gè)較難的任務(wù)和一個(gè)較簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，被表?yè)P(yáng)聰明的同學(xué)更傾向于選擇簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)〃。WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacceptableaccordingtothepassage?Themoremistakeswemake,themorewelearn.Mistakescanbeusedasapositivefactorforsuccess.Beingopentomistakeshelpsyouunderstandthetruth.Astepforwardmaycomefrommistakesyou'vemade.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)過(guò)于絕對(duì)，文中說(shuō)錯(cuò)誤可以幫我們找到自身的不足，然后加以提高，這樣才會(huì)學(xué)到東西，而不是犯越多的錯(cuò)，學(xué)得越多。Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?Onemustfollowacorrectpathtoavoidmistakes.TobecomeanEinstein,youshouldmakemistakes.Makingmistakesisnotadisadvantageinaway.Youcan'tmakemistakesunlessyoutrynewthings.【解析】選Co主旨大意題。從最后一段可知，我們犯錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)槲覀兣L試新的東西，所以從某種意義上說(shuō)，犯錯(cuò)誤是有積極作用的。What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Wecanneveravoidmakingmistakeswhenwework.Successcan'tbeachievedwithoutmakingmistakes.Tryeverymeanstoavoidmistakesinourdailylife.Mistakesshouldbetreatedwithacorrectattitude.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。從文章大意可知，本文講述了錯(cuò)誤對(duì)于我們成長(zhǎng)的積極作用，以及我們應(yīng)該用積極的態(tài)度對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤。BTopreventthedesertscomingnear,Chinahasplantedbillionsoftrees—toreplacedestroyedforestsandasbarriersagainstthesand.Thisisn'tacure,though,sayexperts,asthirstytreescanmaketheproblemworsebytakingingroundwater.""Plantingtreesisoneway,butitisn'tthatsimple.Itdoesn'tsolvethebasicissueofwaterresources,''saysWuBo,aprofessor.Z/Weneedtocalculatehowmuchwaterthetreeswillabsorb,orelseitcouldhaveanegativeeffect."VillagersinZhengxinhavetakenonthischallenge,withlimitedsuccess.Whentheirrigationchannelsbegantorundry,LuXianglinswitchedfromwheattocottononhisland.Healsoplantedtreestoprotecthisfieldsfromsandstorms.Hesayshestillgetsgoodyields（產(chǎn)量）usingfloodirrigationandearnsagoodincomeforhisfamily.Otherfarmershaven'tstuckitout（堅(jiān)持至ij底）：aboutoneinthreehaveleftZhengxininthepast10yearsaftertheirwheatcropsdied.Youngpeoplewhocanfindjobsinthetownsrarelyreturn.Lastweek,MrLujoinedtheothermeninhisvillageonagovernment-arrangedtriptoseethelandthathasbeensetasidefortheirrelocation,nearly40milestothesouth.Thenextday,hewasback,shakinghisheadattheplan.Theideaofuprootinghisfamilytroubleshim,asdoestheideaofgivingupthelandthatfedhisforefathers.Hepreferstostayandkeepupthefight.“Withenoughwater,thisproblemcanbesolved,"Lusays.〃Wecanplanttreesandgrass,andtheywillgrowbigger.Thatwillstopthedesert."Expertssaythatfarmerscouldswitchtodripirrigation（滴灌）tolessentheirwaterintakeforgrowingcrops.Elsewhereintheregion,farmershavebuiltbrickgreenhousesaspartofaplantogrowvegetablesusinglesswater.Roadsidesignsurgefarmersto"SaveWater,ProtecttheEnvironment".【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文是議論文。文章討論了植樹(shù)并不是阻止沙漠化的最好辦法。專(zhuān)家的建議是采用滴灌技術(shù)，節(jié)約用水。Thenegativeeffectofplantingtreesindesertsisthat.itcanmakegroundwaterbecomelessitcanpreventthesandmovingfreelyitcanstopcropsgrowingwellitcangetthesoiltobecomepoor【解析】選Ao細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知〃在沙漠中種樹(shù)會(huì)吸收沙漠中的地下水，從而使地下水減少”。再結(jié)合第二段最后一句可知，在沙漠中種樹(shù)會(huì)有負(fù)面影響。Whydidn'tMrLuaccepttheideaofrelocation?Becausetheplanofrelocationwillcosthimmuchmoney.Becausehisfamilyhadtroublemovingaway.Becausehewasreluctanttogiveuphisland.Becausehewouldratherstaythanfightagainstthedeserts.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知選C。他不愿放棄養(yǎng)育了他的祖先的土地。Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Thedesertsdrivemoreandmorepeopletoleavetheirhomesfortheirlives.Peoplehavenomeanstofightagainstthelandbecomingdesert.Wateristhebiggestbarrierforpeopletostopthedesert.Plantingtreescannotsolvetheproblemofdesertificationoffarmland.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Lu的話(huà)可知，水是人們阻止沙漠化的最大障礙。Whatadviceisgivenbyexpertstosavewater?Toplantmoretrees.Tobuildgreenhouses.Tochangecrops.Tousedripirrigation.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句可知，專(zhuān)家們建議人們用滴灌技術(shù)來(lái)節(jié)約水。C（?全國(guó)卷口）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsarcdown,whilebeaversandredfbxcshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文是一篇敘事文，介紹了由于灰狼在美國(guó)黃石公園和美洲大陸數(shù)量的減少，給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境帶來(lái)的一系列的影響，以及人們針對(duì)此問(wèn)題所做出的努力。Whatisthetextmainlyabout?WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.Theconflictbetweenfannersandgraywolves.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于由于灰狼在美國(guó)黃石公園和美洲大陸數(shù)量的減少，給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境帶來(lái)的一系列的影響，人們?yōu)榇讼胪ㄟ^(guò)種種努力增加灰狼的數(shù)量以改善環(huán)境，故答案為D。Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced“inParagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.【解析】選C。猜測(cè)詞義題。前句說(shuō)明在黃石公園和美洲大部分地區(qū)曾有許多的灰狼，連詞but轉(zhuǎn)折了句子意義，由此可推斷出此句意為人類(lèi)的發(fā)展逐漸地使灰狼“被迫離開(kāi)”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“測(cè)試”；B項(xiàng)意為“分離，隔開(kāi)“；C項(xiàng)意為“強(qiáng)迫離開(kāi)”；D項(xiàng)意為“跟蹤，追蹤”。Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?Damagetolocalecology.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.Preservationofvegetation.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。由第三段內(nèi)容可知，狼的消失帶來(lái)很多意想不到的后果：鹿和麋鹿數(shù)量急劇增長(zhǎng)，它們消耗大量的植被，這使黃石公園地區(qū)的植物多樣性減少；灰狼消失使數(shù)量急劇增長(zhǎng)的郊狼殺死公園地區(qū)大量的赤狐，并且驅(qū)走這里的海貍。所有這一切都對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)造成極大的危害，故答案為A。12.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.【解析】選Bo觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由末段的尾句TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.可知，作者認(rèn)為人們做出的努力對(duì)幫助生物學(xué)家是否決定將灰狼重新引進(jìn)到美國(guó)其他地區(qū)是一個(gè)“有價(jià)值的、重要的實(shí)驗(yàn)(avaluableexperiment),,,故可推斷出作者對(duì)此持肯定的、積極的態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)意為“懷疑的B項(xiàng)意為“肯定的，積極的C項(xiàng)意為“反對(duì)的,不贊成的”;D項(xiàng)意為“漠不關(guān)心的因語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。MyolderbrotherandIarebusy1.(arrange)atriptoAfrica.WewillleaveLondononJuly15,andwe'llflytoMorocco.Itisonthecamel2.wearegoingtotravelthroughtheSaharaDesert.Afterthetripbycamel,we'regoingtotraveldowntheRiverNile.We'llstartatLakeVictoria.AlittlewaydowntheriverfromLakeVictoria,thewater3.(actual)getsquiterough.So,wellgowhite-waterrafting,4.isquitedangerous,butveryexciting!Afterwhite-waterrafting,we'regoingonatrip5.(see)wildanimalsinKenya.Sincewellbewalkingforalmosttwoweeks,I'llneedtobuyalarge,strong,lightbackpack6.advancetocarrymysuppliesoffoodandwater.Itissodangerousthatourguideswillhaveguns7.(scare)theanimalsawayiftheycometoonear.Ireallywanttosee8.elephantupclose.Afterthat,we'llmoveontoTanzania,9.we'regoingtoclimbMountKilimanjaro.Itisaboutfourweeks10.theAfricanpartofourtripwilltake.Wewillsurelyhaveahappytime..【解析】arrangingo句型bebusydoingsth.“忙于做某事〃。.【解析】that?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句Itis...that...的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我們是將騎著駱駝穿越撒哈拉沙漠。.【解析】actuallyo考查副詞。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。.【解析】which。考查定語(yǔ)從句。此句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，只能用which引導(dǎo)。.【解析】tosee?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示旅行的目的。.【解析】in?？疾榻樵~。inadvance固定搭配，意為“提前.【解析】toscare?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。todo不定式表目的。.【解析】an?？疾楣谠~。elephant是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，所以用an0.【解析】where0考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處先行詞為T(mén)anzania,表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用where。.【解析】that?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句Itis...that...的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我們大約有四周的時(shí)間要花費(fèi)在非洲的旅行上。閱讀理解Sure,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecauseitmakesthetimeyouspendintheclassroommorepleasant.Andyes,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecause,ingeneral,it'ssmarttolearnhowtounderstandthedifferenttypesofpeopleyou'llmeetthroughoutyourlife.“Butreally,there'sonesuper-importantreasonwhyyoushouldgetalongwithyourteacher.Whenyoudo,learningburstsri^htopen,“saysEvelynVuko,alongtimeteacherwhowritesaneducationcolumncalled^TeacherSays“fortheWashingtonPostnewspaper.Infact,kidswhogetalongwiththeirteachersnotonlylearnmore,butthey'remorecomfortableaskingquestionsandgettingextrahelp.Thismakesiteasiertounderstandnewmaterialanddoyourbestontests.Whenyouhavethiskindofrelationshipwithateacher,heorshecanbesomeonetoturntowithproblems,suchasproblemswithlearningorschoollife,suchasbullying（欺負(fù)）.Asakidinaprimaryormiddleschool,you'reatawonderfulstageinyourlife.You'relikeasponge（海綿），abletoabsorblotsofnewandexcitinginformation.Ontopofthat,you/reabletothinkaboutallthisinformationinnewways.Yourteacherknowsthat,andinmostcases,isveryexcitedtobethepersonwho'sgivingyouallthatmaterialandhelpingyoumakeit.Remember,teachersarepeople,too,andtheyfeelgreatifyou'reopentowhatthey'reteachingyou.That'swhytheywantedtobeteachersinthefirstplace-toteach!Somekidsmaybeabletolearninanysituation,whethertheyliketheteacherornot.Butmostkidsaresensitivetothewaytheygetalongwiththeteacher,andifthingsaren/tgoingwell,theywon'tlearnaswellandwon'tenjoybeinginclass.【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了學(xué)生與老師處好關(guān)系的重要性。Inthepassage,theauthormainlytalksabout.howtogetalongwellwithotherstheimportanceofagoodre