中國水污染防治政策建議

PolicyRecommendationsforWaterPollutionPreventioninChina世行中國水污染防治政策創(chuàng)新項目WorldBank-SEPAProject:ChinaWaterPollutionPreventionInnovationIntroduction引言（1）WaterpollutioncontrolasoneofthekeytasksinChina’senvironmentalprotection水污染防治是中國環(huán)境保護的重要任務之一。Targetsestablished,keyareasidentified,keyprojectsdesignedandimplementedduring9thand10thfiveyearplanperiod九五和十五期間，確定控制目標和重點區(qū)域，實施重點工程。Thoughimprovedtosomeextent,thereductiontargetoftotalloadofCODhadnotbeenaccomplishedduring10thFYPP盡管水質有一定程度改善，但是“十五”COD削減目標還是沒有完成。Introduction引言（2）Remaintoppriorityduring11thFYPP仍是十一五環(huán)保規(guī)劃的重點領域Ensuringsecurityofdrinkingwater全力保障飲水安全Speeduptheengineeringprojectsforurbanwastewatertreatmentandre-useoftreatedwater加快城市污水處理與再生利用工程建設Strengtheningthetreatmentofindustrialwastewater加強工業(yè)廢水治理Pushforthewaterpollutioncontrolinkeyriverbasin推進重點流域水污染防治WPPI中國水污染防治政策創(chuàng)新項目PolicyInnovationforWaterPollutionPreventioninChina中國水污染防治政策創(chuàng)新ProjectSponsoredbyWorldBankandSEPA世行和國家環(huán)?？偩猪椖縋rojectperiod(項目周期):2001.1－2002.12WBPolicyDiscussionPaperissuedin2006。2006年發(fā)表世行政策討論報告MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（1）Focusingonstrategicplanning加強戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃Longtermversion長期目標Mediumterm(fiveyears)中期目標Annualplan年度計劃MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（2）Adjustingpolicyandregulations調(diào)整政策和制度Adjustinglegalsystem調(diào)整和完善法律Adjustingstandardsystems調(diào)整標準體系MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（3）Integratedwaterresourcemanagement水資源綜合管理NouniversalinstitutionalsystemforintegratedWRM水資源綜合管理沒有統(tǒng)一管理體制WRMatriverbasin流域層次的水資源綜合管理NeedlegalframeworkforriverbasinWRM需要加強立法Institutionalreform體制改革模式MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（4）Strengtheningeconomicinstruments加強經(jīng)濟手段的應用Tradablepermits可交易的配額Raisetheleveloffees提高收費標準;Chargehigherrateoverthedischargeoftoxicmaterial有害物質排放收費標準高;Feecollectedshouldbeusedforwaterpollutioncontrol專項用于水污染防治.MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（5）Strengtheningfinancing加強水污染防治的融資Wideoptionsoffinancingwaterpollutioncontrol有許多融資方式;Costrecovery成本回收；Publicprivatepartnership公私合營.MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（6）Urbanpollutioncontrol城市污染控制Speeduptheestablishmentofurbanwastewatertreatmentplants加快污水處理廠建設Raisewastewatertreatmentchargerate提高污水處理收費標準Strengthenthesupervisiononurbanwastewatertreatmentplants加強污水處理設施監(jiān)管Protectiondrinkingwatersources保護飲用水源地MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（7）Industrialpollution工業(yè)污染控制Significantprogressmade已經(jīng)取得顯著成績;Enhancingcomplianceandenforcement加強執(zhí)法；Wastewaterrecyclingtechnologies污水回用技術;Promotecleantechnologies,EMS推廣清潔技術，環(huán)境管理體系等。MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（8）Agriculturalpollution農(nóng)業(yè)污染控制Derivereliableloadestimates確定可靠的排放量Developawellthough-outstrategyforagriculturalpollutioncontrol制定農(nóng)業(yè)污染控制戰(zhàn)略Integratedapproach綜合措施。MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（9）Improvingwaterqualitymonitoring改善水質監(jiān)測Harmonizationandqualitycontrolofdatafromdifferencesources數(shù)據(jù)整合和質量控制；ClearlydifferentiatetheresponsibilitiesofSEPAandMWRbutapplyuniformstandard明確確定環(huán)保（水質）和水利（水文）部門在監(jiān)測方面的職責，但要統(tǒng)一監(jiān)測標準MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（10）Planningandcapacitybuilding規(guī)劃和能力建設Openplanningprocedure開放式的規(guī)劃程序Capacitybuilding能力建設MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（11）Environm