SwineDiseaseControlPrinciples

豬病控制的基本原理

作者：LarryFirkins,DVM,MS,MBAUniversityofIllinoisCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine美國伊利諾斯大學(xué)獸醫(yī)學(xué)院EconomicCostofDisease疾病的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失DeathLoss 死亡損失ObviouslySickPigs 明顯的病豬TreatmentCosts 治療開支LostProduction 生產(chǎn)損失LostAccesstoMarkets市場的喪失Disease

疾病Alterationofthestateofthebody,orinsomeofitsorgans,whichinterruptsordisturbstheproperperformanceofthebodilyfunctions.機(jī)體或者其部分器官的狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變，引起機(jī)體正常功能的紊亂Infection

感染Amicroorganismentersapigandcausesadisturbanceoffunction.

微生物侵入豬體，引起功能紊亂DiseasesthatarearesultofinfectionareInfectiousDiseases.

感染引起的的疾病為傳染性疾病Non-infectiousdiseasescanbetheresultofGeneticfactors,Nutritionalcauses,Toxicfactors,Management,etc.

非傳染性疾病可能由遺傳、營養(yǎng)、毒素、管理等因素引起MostdiseasesofswineareMulti-Factorial.

豬的多數(shù)疾病由多種因素引起Infection

感染Organismssuchasbacteria,viruses,etc., thatcancausediseasearecalledPathogens.

細(xì)菌，病毒等引起疾病的微生物稱為病原Notallmicroorganismsarepathogenic.

并非所有微生物都有致病性Someareopportunists.

有些是條件性病原體Somearenon-pathogenic,somearehelpful.

有些為非致病性的，有些則有益Infection

感染Beneficialbacteriacannotcompetewithstrongpathogenicbacteria.

有益菌不能在與強(qiáng)致病菌競爭中取勝Opportunistscanbecomemorepathogenicwithexperience.

條件性病原體可隨環(huán)境或經(jīng)歷可變?yōu)橹虏【鶶ourcesofInfection 感染源Directcontactwithadiseasedpig

與病豬直接接觸ContactthroughFomites. 與污染物接觸

boots,trucks,dirtyequipment,people鞋，車，臟污的設(shè)備，人員ContactwithDiseaseCarriers.

與疾病攜帶者接觸

AirBorneInfections.

空氣傳播感染SourcesofInfection 感染源Infectionfromsoil.由土壤感染Infectionfromfeedorwater.由飼料或水感染

InfectionfrombloodsuckingArthropods.

由吸血昆蟲感染

Infectionfromorganismsnormallycarried.

由正常攜帶的微生物感染BodyDefenses 機(jī)體防御PrimaryDefenses-whichservetohinderorpreventthepassageofdiseaseorganismsintothebody

第一道防線——阻擋或防止病原侵入機(jī)體SecondaryDefenses-thatdealwith"bugs"thathavemanagedtogetpasttheprimarydefensesandenterthetissues.

第二道防線——抵御通過了第一防御并進(jìn)入機(jī)體組織的病原PrimaryDefenses第一道防線Skin 皮膚Mucus 粘膜Air-filteringsystem 空氣過濾系統(tǒng)Cilia 纖毛Acid 酸Enzymes 酶SecondaryDefenses

第二道防線NonSpecificChemicalDefensessuchasenzymes,interferon,etc.

非特異性化學(xué)物質(zhì)防御，如酶，干擾素等Cellulardefenses-"Natural"killercells,T-cells,Macrophages,etc.

細(xì)胞防御－天然殺手細(xì)胞，T－細(xì)胞，巨噬細(xì)胞等SpecificAntibodiesagainstdiseaseagents.

針對病原體的特異性抗體Antibodies

抗體Antibodiesareproteinsformedinresponsetoaninfection.

抗體是對感染發(fā)生反應(yīng)而形成的蛋白質(zhì)IgG,IgA,IgM,IgE

PresenceofAbindicatesexposurebutnot

alwayspresenceofdisease有抗體說明接觸過病原，但不一定發(fā)病Antibodyleveltestingnotcorrelatedwelltodiseaseresistance

抗體水平與抗病力無很好相關(guān)Ablevel抗體水平Infection感染071421...071421...Ablevel抗體水平Infection感染071421...Ablevel抗體水平Infection感染071421...Ablevel抗體水平Infection感染抗體水平感染071421...ActivevsPassiveImmunity

主動與被動免疫'Active'ImmunityafterexposuretoapathogenorvaccineAbproduced7to10daysafterexposuretoaantigen.

主動免疫在病原或疫苗接觸后產(chǎn)生，抗體產(chǎn)生于與病原接觸后7～10天'Passive'Immunity- transferofantibodiesfromananotheranimalthathasbeenactivelyimmunized.

被動免疫－抗體由主動免疫過的動物轉(zhuǎn)移而來

ColostrumandAntiserumarepassiveimmunity

初乳和抗血清帶來的免疫力是被動免疫Colostrum

初乳Thecolostrumcontainsconcentratedantibody(mostlyIgGandIgM).

初乳含有高濃度抗體（多數(shù)是IgG和IgM）

Pinocytosiscanoccureffectivelyonlywithinthefirst18hoursoflife.

初乳的有效吸收僅發(fā)生在出生后18小時內(nèi)免疫模型ImmunityModelMaternalAbtypicallylastsfor3-4weeks.母源抗體一般持續(xù)3－4周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth 3weeksImmunity免疫缺陷的母豬，或初乳攝入不足681012141618202224周偽狂犬病免疫模型PRVAblastsupto16weeks.偽狂犬病母源抗體可持續(xù)16周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth weeks免疫缺陷的母豬，或初乳攝入不足免疫模型Abresponseaftersinglevaccination一次免疫接種后的抗體應(yīng)答免疫模型BoosterEffect強(qiáng)化效果免疫模型理想免疫模式為在被動免疫消失前激活主動免疫CombinedMaternalandActiveImmunity免疫缺陷的母豬免疫模型母原抗體干擾MaternalAbInterference免疫缺陷的母豬，免疫模型理想免疫模式為在被動免疫消失前激活主動免疫CombinedMaternalandActiveImmunityTypicalBasicImmunizationProgram典型基礎(chǔ)免疫計劃

大腸桿菌(K88,K99,987P,F41)

口蹄疫FMD

丹毒Erysipelas

Parvovirus 細(xì)小病毒

豬瘟HogCholera 日本乙腦膜炎病毒JapaneseBEncephalitisSomeareas/herds: 一些地區(qū)/群體

偽狂犬病Pseudorabies 鏈球菌Strep 支原體 Mycoplasma 萎縮性鼻炎AtrophicRhinitis 胸膜肺炎放線桿菌APP 等...免疫和感染 ImmunityandInfection感染壓力Infectionexposure免疫水平Immunelevel生病健康HealthSickness免疫和感染Lightexposure感染壓力小

Immunized

免疫良好生病健康免疫和感染 ImmunityandInfectionHealthandprosperity免疫和感染感染壓力大免疫不足發(fā)病，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失健康DiseaseandEconomicLossHeavyExposureImmunitynotEnoughVariabilityofImmunity 免疫力的變異

SpeciesResistance 種的抗性GeneticResistance 遺傳抗性

resistantlines抗病系

robustness 耐病系Immunosuppressors

免疫抑制因子

mycotoxins

霉菌毒素Primaryinfectionbyimmunosuppressiveagents

由免疫抑制因子引起的初始感染

PRV偽狂犬病

Mange 疥癬

Mycoplasma

支原體VariabilityofImmunity

免疫力的變異性SeasonalFactors 季節(jié)因素EnvironmentalFactors 環(huán)境因素Stressors 應(yīng)激因素NutritionalDeficiencies 營養(yǎng)缺陷免疫模型免疫模型ExposureVeryHighHighLowImmunity免疫缺陷的母豬，免疫模型ExposureVeryHighHighLowImmuni