unit1pastandpresent現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(pastperfecttense)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，為八大時(shí)態(tài)之一。它表示句子中描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，即把時(shí)間推移到過去某一時(shí)間之前，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，由＂have/has+p.p＂構(gòu)成。主語+have/has+過去分詞①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.②否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞.③一般疑問句：Have/has提前+主語+過去分詞+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主語+have/has.否定回答：No,主語+have/hasnot.④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）？1）表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”。可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。例如：Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。

（2）表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。

Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。（3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過去完成時(shí)。例如：Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對動(dòng)詞一無所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。

（4）在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。例如：IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。

Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。

（5）過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。例如：Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟悉她。

IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。

Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。

注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。例如：AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。

（7）動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。例如：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。

Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我們本來希望能來看看你。

（8）過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)

time(that)…等固定句型中。例如：Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。

Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。時(shí)間狀語

before,when,after,by,until,once,hadnosooner……than例句

ShesaidshehadneverbeentoParis.她說她從未去過巴黎。

Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們早就跑了。

Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgotten200picturesfromthespaceship到昨晚九點(diǎn)鐘時(shí),,我們已經(jīng)收到了來自宇宙飛船的200張照片。

Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame當(dāng)公共汽車終于到了時(shí)，我在車站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說他已經(jīng)自1949年以來在那個(gè)工廠工作。

Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友

Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對動(dòng)詞一無所知,因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。

IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。

Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她找到了那把丟掉的鑰匙。

Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說,他很了解她。

IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore我以為前一周我寄了那封信的。

AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到英國后,他努力提高他的英語水平。

WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.當(dāng)我醒來時(shí),雨已經(jīng)停了。

Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou我們本來希望能來看你。

Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear這是他那一年第三次被失業(yè)。

Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我已經(jīng)讀完這本小說。由時(shí)間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：（1）by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：

Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：

WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：

TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.由“過去的過去”來判定過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（1）賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：

Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.（2）狀語從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如：

Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：

Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.（3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.一、與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞

have(has)+過去分詞”；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對的時(shí)態(tài)，以過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。

語態(tài)對比比較：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000個(gè)英語單詞。

Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000個(gè)英語單詞。

—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.對不起，讓你久等了。

—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）二、與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。比較：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.

Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.

2.在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。

Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.

3.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在before，after，assoonas引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。

Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.過去完成時(shí)表示過去的過去，不單獨(dú)使用，一般和一般過去式一起使用。原形過去分詞原形過去分詞visitvisitedshopshoppedmovemovedstopshoppedstudystudiedfinishfinishedstaystayedlearnlearntownownnedtraveltravelled原形過去分詞原形過去分詞thinkthoughtputputcatchcaughtcostcostgivegivenpaypaidmakemadehurthurtwritewrittenwinwinned1.They_________(finish)theirhomework.2.Mrandmrs

li________(notcome)backyet.3.Daniel_______(finish)thehomeworkbefore.4.We________(notsee)thatfilmyet.havefinishedhaven'tcamehasfinishedhaven'tseen填空選擇

1．Heaskedme___duringthesummerholidays.

A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone

2.What___Jane____bythetimehewassever?

A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done

3.I_____900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。

A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt

4.She_____livedherefor______years.

A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof

5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I____thedinneralready.

AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked

6.Shesaidshe_________theprinciplealready

A.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen

7.Shesaidherfamily______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.

A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he________.

A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversity

B.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity

9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks_____theendoflastyear.

A.forB.inC.byD.at

10.He__toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.

Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepiano

C.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.

11.What______Annie____bythetimehewasten?

A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone

12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.

A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork

13.Bytheendoflastweek,they___thebridge.

A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted

14.Benhatesplaying____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.

A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/

15.Bythetimehewas4,he____alotofGermanwords.

A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns

16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.

A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left

17.They_______inGuangzhousince2000.

A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving

18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.

A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived

19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.

A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned句子翻譯當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。1.Ihavebeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.2.

Hesaidhehasworkedinthatfactorysince1949。3.Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。4.

Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對動(dòng)詞一無所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。

5.

Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。

6.

Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟悉她。

7.

IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。8.Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000個(gè)英語單詞.9.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.對不起，讓你久等了。10..沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘.Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes1.We___hadpainted____(paint)thehousebeforewemoved________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman__hadmade___(make)awillbeforehe____(die).

3.They__had_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_left___(leave).

4.Therobbers_had___(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).

5.I__turnedoff_____(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI__went___(go)tobed.

6.Paulwent(go)outwithJaneafterhe_made_____(make)aphonecall.

7.Tom____(say)hehadread_______(read)thebooktwice.

8.Ourplan____failed_(fail)becausewe_hadmade______(make)abadmistake.

9.Whenthechairman___finished_____(finish)speaking,he____left____(leave)thehall.

10.TheReadswerehaving(have)lunchwhenI_______(get)totheirhouse.

11.WhenI________(arrive)atthestation,he___hadleft_____(leave).12..We_____(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.

13.Iwaiteduntilhe______(finish)hishomework.

14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe___already______(do)

15.She___(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe___hadwent____(go)therebefore.

16.He__hasn'ttold(nottell)youthenewsyet.

17.Hesaidhe_______already_____(give)thebooktotheteacher.

18.I____have____(be)toShanghaibefore.

19.Shetoldmeshe___hadbeen_______(be)toSanyathreetimes.

20.She__was________(play)theguitarwhilehersister______(sing).1．Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.（改否定句）

Ididnothavesoldtheticketwhenshecame.

2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.（改否定句）

Shedidn'thavesungasongtousbeforeshedanced.

3.Theybegantoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink.（否定）

Theydidnotbegintoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink.

4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑問）

Hadyoubeenveryhungryby10:00am?

5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.（改一般疑問）

HadlucyalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.

6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑問）

Hadth

eplanetakenoffbythetimehegottotheairport?

7..HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.（對劃線部分提問）

Howwashewhenyousawhim?8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.（對劃線部分提問）

Whatdidhedowhenhehadthenote?

9..Jackdidn’tgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.（對劃線部分提問）

WhydidJacknotgotothecinema?

10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.（對劃線部分提問）

Howlongdidyouhavehadthetoysbeforeyougavethemtothechild?

11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.（對劃線部分提問）

Whathadshewrittenbytheendof1960?

12.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.（用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句）

Weatethedumplingsafterwehadcookedthem.

13.Jim’sfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken.（用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句）

ThecarhadbrokenbeforeJim'sfathermandedit.

14.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句)

Afterwe___hadhadhourteats________,we___hadalongholiday___________

15.Heshowedusapicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句)

Beforehe___hadshowedusaroundthehouse_______,he_______showedusapicture___________選擇、填空、完型、閱讀、翻句1.

自從2009年，愛情公寓就開始了。2.

吳老師2008年就結(jié)婚了。Theipartmenthasbeenonsince2009.Mrwuhasbeenmarriedsince2008.

iPartment

3.Inthe2009theipartment____beenon.there____manyactors,____Sean.S(孫藝州）,evonne.z（趙霽）,kim.jin（金世佳）kimi.l（李金銘）,Eric.w（王傳君）,michael.c（陳赫)，loura.l(婁藝瀟)manypeolelove____.Onedaywhentheywascominghere____train,theygaveotherpeople_____moneytoabeggar.Intheend,they____to___ipartment5.ihope__theycan____ipartment5.（）1.a.haveb.has

c.had

d.having()2.a.has

b.had

c.having

d.have()3.a.likeb.such

c.suchasd.as()4.a.theyb.their

c.them

d.themselves()5.a.byb.take

c.took

d.taking()6.a.littleb.much

c.lost

d.lot()7.a.hopeb.went

c.thought

d.think()8.a.takingb.take

c.took

d.taken()9.a.tob.at

c.in

d.on()10.a.takingb.take

c.took

d.taken4、ABCRadio

JimGreenisanannouncer(播音員）fortheprogram.Mostofthegirls___1____boysliketheprogram.They___2___likeJimGreen.Someofthemoftenmakephonecallstohimandthankhim___3___hiswork.Therearelotsof___4___tohimeveryday,too.

JimGreengetsupat6:00everymorning.Hehasbreadandaglassofmilk___5___breakfast.Heleaveshomeat6:30and___6___hisofficeat7:15.

Theprogram___7____at7:30.Heplaysthenewrecords(唱片）ofthepopsongsandmodernmusicforhislisteners.At8:00it'stime____8____thenews.

Jimfinishesworkat10:30.Hegoeshome____9____hiscar.He___10___newspaperandlistenstomusicaftersupper.

Hethinkshislifeisveryinteresting.

()1.AandBwithCbutDabout()2.AtooBtoCalsoDso

()3.AtoBforCfoDand()4.AletterBlettersCfriendsDwords

()5.AatBwithCforDto()6.AgoesBgetsCgetstoDgetsup

()7.AbeginsBfinishesCoverDstart()8.AtoBforCofDin

()9.AbyBinConDtakes()10.AlooksBreadsCseesDwatches5、You\'llseeanew_1_atahospitainearLondonifyougothere.Heisveryclever,_2_heneverspeaks.Hecanwork24hoursadayandnevergets_3_.Heisonemetretallandhasaface_4_aTVscreen.HeisDr.Robot.

Doctorsoftenneedtoasktheirpatientsalotofquestions._5_doctorscanonlyspendafewminuteswithsuchpatient.But

Dr.Robot,ahumandoctorcan_8_alotofuesfulinformation(信息)whenhemeetshispatient.

HowcanDr.Robotdothis?Acomputer\"tell\"himwhattodo.Dr.Robotcandoalotofthingspeoplecando,thoughhecan\'tcompletely_9_theplaceof_10_doctors.

()1.A.sickpersonB.nurse

C.chemist

D.doctor()2.A.soB.if

C.but

D.because

()3.A.tiredB.off

C.up

D.woounded()4.A.likeB.on

C.as

D.in

()5.A.KindB.Busy

C.Free

D.Tall()6.A.lateB.impossibleC.necessary

D.interesting

()7.A.WithB.For

C.Behind

D.Under()8.A.spendB.have

C.send

D.speak

()9.A.bringB.give

C.take

D.lead()10.A.robotB.computer

C.women

D.human

6、MikeisanEnglishman.Helivesina__1___buildinginthe__2___London.Thereareeighteenfloorsinthebuildingandhelivesonthefifteenthfloor.He__3___alift(電梯)togoupanddown.Heworksveryhard.He__4___toworkearly.Everydayheleaveshis__5__andwalkstothelift.Hegetsintothelift.It__6___himdowntothefirstfloor.Hegetsoutofthelift.Thenhewalksto__7___busstop.Thebusstopisinfrontofastation.Itisabouttwohundredmetersfrom___8___home.Usually,hecatchesthenumber11bustowork,butsometimeshegoes__9___.Heworksinafactoryaboutten__10___fromhishome.Hisworkstartsathalfpasteight,andfinishesataquartertofive.Hegetsbackhomeathalfpast5.

（）1.A.tallB.shotC.smallD.large（）2.A.countryB.townC.cityD.village

（）3.A.makesB.usesC.doesD.mends（）4.A.beginsB.wantsC.runsD.goes

（）5.A.homeB.buildingC.officeD.room（）6.A.costsB.spendsC.takesD.brings

（）7.A.anB.aC.theD./（）8.A.hisB.heC.himD.himself

（）9.A.byplaneB.bytrainC.onfootD.byair()10.A.metersB.kilometersC.minutesD.hours

7、ADiaryGreatweather!Itwas_1__andhotallday.We__2__toabeautifulbeach.Wehadgreatfun__3__inthewater.Intheafternoon,wewent__4__.Ontheway,Ifoundalittleboy__5__inthecorner.Hewas__6__.Ihelped__7__findhisfather.Thatmademe__8__veryhappy.Ididn’thave__9__money__10__ataxi.SoIwalkedbacktothehotel.

（）1.A.windB.cloudC.sunny（）2.A.goB.gotC.went

（）3.A.playB.playedC.playing（）4.A.shopB.shopping

C.shopped

（）5.A.criesB.criedC.crying（）6.A.loseB.lostC.crying

（）7.A.heB.hisC.him（）8.A.feelB.feelingC.felt

（）9.A.someB.anyC.afew（）10.A.withB.onC.for

五、DearDrKnow,

I’mnothappy.Ihavetoo__1_rulesinmyfamily.Ihaveto__2___at6:00everymorning.Ican’t__3__myfriendsafterschool__4__Ihaveto__5__mydogforawalk.Ican’twatchTVonschoolnights.AndIhaveto__6_inbedbyteno’clock._7__weekends,Ihavetocleanmyroomandwashmyclothes.ThenIhavetohelpmymother__8__dinner.LaterIhavetogototheChildren’sPalace__9__thepiano.Ineverhaveanyfun.__10__canIdo?

（）1.A.manyB.muchC.afew（）2.A.gotobedB.getupC.gohome

（）3.A.watchB.lookC.meet（）4.A.soB.thenC.because

（）5.A.bringB.takeC.carry（）6.A.beB.isC.am

（）7.A.InB.OnC.At（）8.A.makeB.makingC.do

（）9.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning（）10.A.WhyB.WhatC.How

8、OnChristmasEveafewdaysago,anEnglishcouple,theHardens,gotaveryspecialcall.Itwasonlya20-secondcallbutitwasvery____11____.TheHardens’15-year-olddaughterhasgone___12____sixmonthsbefore.OnChristmasEvesherangthem.“I’mphoningtowishyouahappyChristmas,”shesaid,“Iloveyou.”

RonalsandEdwineHardenwereso______13_____thattheystartedaspecialtelephoneservice（服務(wù)）called“AliveandWell”.Theservicehelps______14______togetintouchwithchildrenwhohaverunawayfromhome.

Youngpeoplecanphone“AliveandWell”andleaveamessagefortheirparents.Thetelephoneareansweredbyansweringmachines.So______15_____canspeaktothechildormakehimreturnhome.Parentsofrunawaychildrenwhoare_______16_______eighteencanaskthepolicetobringtheirchildrenhome.Sochildrendonotwanttotelltheirparentswheretheyare.Through“AliveandWell”theycantelephonetheirparentsandtheydonot______17______aboutthisorgivingouttheiraddresses.

TheHardensandtheirhelpers______18______thetelephonemessagesandconnect（聯(lián)系）theaddressesgiven.About30,000Britishteenagershavelefthomeandmanyofthemareprobablyin_______19_______.Foronlytwopence（便士）theycangointoatelephonecoinboxandcalltheirparents.Theycandial5675339and______20______aparentworry:Ishedeadoralive?

11.A.interestingB.importantC.difficultD.exciting12.A.awayBoutC.backD.along

13.A.angryB.happyC.sadD.kind14.A.teachersB.peopleC.parentsD.friends

15.A.someoneB.anyoneC.everyoneD.noone16.A.atB.aboveC.overD.under

17.A.thinkB.worryC.talkD.hear18.A.askforB.listentoC.lookupD.writedown

19.A.PairsB.TokyoC.LondonD.NewYork20.A.stopB.makeC.feelD.leave

被動(dòng)語態(tài)TENSE主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be+V.\V.sam\is\are+(p.p)一般將來時(shí)will\begoingtowillbe+(p.p)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am\is\are+V.ingam\is\are+being+(p.p)一般過去時(shí)①was\were②V.edwas\were+(p.p)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have\has+V.p.phave\has+been+(p.p)過去完成時(shí)had+V.p.phad+been+(p.p)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was\were+V.ingwas\were+being+(p.p)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+(p.p)口訣一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)用be+及物動(dòng)詞的.過去分詞，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變。完成時(shí)態(tài)have（has）done，被動(dòng)將been加中間。一般將來shall（will）do，被動(dòng)變do為done。將來進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)，shall（will）bedoing。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，have（has）beendone。現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行bedoing，被動(dòng)be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。一般情助加bedone，雙賓多將間賓變。復(fù)合賓語賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。三部曲變被動(dòng)句步驟1、把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語2、把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3、原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4、其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)步驟及重點(diǎn)理解含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)說明某個(gè)被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作所反映出的感情和態(tài)度。初中階段可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有“can、may、must、need、should”等，分別表示“能夠被……”，“可以被……”，“必須被……”，“需要被……“，應(yīng)該被……”等。掌握含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同句式的變換方法含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的疑問句、否定句的變化均借助于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成。（一）一般疑問句直接將陳述句被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。如：Mustthisworkbedoneatonce？這項(xiàng)工作必須立即完成嗎？Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix？你的家庭作業(yè)應(yīng)在六點(diǎn)前完成嗎？（二）特殊疑問句由疑問詞加上一般疑問句被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成。如：Whenmustthisworkbedone？這工作必須在什么時(shí)候完成？Wherecanthelostbookbefound？這本失蹤的書能在什么地方被找到？（三）反意疑問句借助情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成附加疑問部分。如：Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear，can'tit？這座橋明年能建成，是嗎？Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary，shouldit？這本書不應(yīng)被帶出圖書館，是嗎？（四）否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”時(shí)否定式為“needn't”。如：Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce．這項(xiàng)工作沒必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere．這個(gè)垃圾箱不應(yīng)放在這兒。三、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句的回答含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句的回答應(yīng)保留原情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但“must”表“必須”時(shí)，其否定回答應(yīng)用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”時(shí)，其肯定回答應(yīng)用“must”。如：—Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday？我的作業(yè)應(yīng)在今天完成嗎？—Yes，theyshould．是的，應(yīng)在今天完成。（No，theyshouldn't．不，不應(yīng)在今天完成。）—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce？他的練習(xí)本必須立即上交嗎？—Yes，itmust．是的，必須立即上交。（No，itneedn't．不，不必立即上交。）—Needhebeoperatedonatonce？他必須立即手術(shù)嗎？—Yes，hemust．是的，他必須。（No，heneedn't．不，他不必。）1）不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞）：appear,die（死亡）,disappear（消失）,end(vi.結(jié)束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（對）Thepricehasrisen.（錯(cuò)）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（對）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasraised.（對）Thepricehasbeenraised.（錯(cuò)）Pleaseseat.（對）Pleasebeseated.帶雙賓語在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有些動(dòng)詞可以帶雙賓語。在這種情況下，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面；直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前通常加上介詞for/to,etc.。即：S+V+IO+DO→IO+bedone+DO→DO+bedone+prep.+IOg.1)Myunclegaveme

agiftonmybirthday.→Iwasgiven

agiftonmybirthday.→Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardto[1]playtheguitar.→It

isoftenheardfromhim

toplaytheguitar.

主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語，主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語成為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗ο蟮募拔飫?dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動(dòng)詞來表示被動(dòng)句子例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.4.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.A.Correctthefollowingsentences.訂正以下的句子1.Alltheseyearstheyarecontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2.Ihavebeendrinkingfivecupsofcoffeethisafternoon.3.WhathaveyoubeendoingbeforeyouleftOxford?4.It'sagoodjob.Haveyoudoneitallbyyourself?5.It'salongtimesinceyoucometoseeme.6.Alicedidn'tseemuchofHenrylately.7.I'mgladtotellyouthatyoupassedtheexam.1.Youknow,I________(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Mysister________(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe________(play)inthemudallthemorning.4.I________(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon.5.Hereheis!We________(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.C.Makethebestchoices.1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.(2008江蘇)A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_________intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.(2008山東)A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.(2007湖南)A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.(2007福建)A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked6.—Ihavegotaheadache.------Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.(西)A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.(2007上海)A.hasfallenB.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.(北京)A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet?(2007江蘇)—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.HaveshownB.DoshowC.Had;shownD.Did;show10.—Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.—Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappe