句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法Thehumanbodyhasaverycomplexorganization.譯①：人體有一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的構(gòu)造。譯②：人體的構(gòu)造非常復(fù)雜。原主語(yǔ)humanbody轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)“人體的”原賓語(yǔ)organization轉(zhuǎn)換成主語(yǔ)“構(gòu)造”原文定語(yǔ)complex轉(zhuǎn)換成謂語(yǔ)“復(fù)雜”句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換所謂句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法，是把句子的某一成分（如主語(yǔ)）譯成另一成分（如賓語(yǔ)等）。在多數(shù)的情況下，詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯必然導(dǎo)致句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)譯，例如：當(dāng)英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語(yǔ)的名詞或者副詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)成分就相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。成分轉(zhuǎn)換的目的是使譯文通順，符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。例如：Itisbecausetheboundingpropertiesofonepairofelectronsinthedoublebondarenotfullysatisfied.這是由于雙鍵上的一對(duì)電子不具有充分飽和的鍵合性質(zhì)。句中主語(yǔ)：“theboundingproperties”轉(zhuǎn)譯為賓語(yǔ)；句中定語(yǔ)：“onepairofelectrons”轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語(yǔ)；句中表語(yǔ)：“aresatisfied”轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothetermsusedinthisspecification.Organiccompoundsarenotsolubleinwaterbecausethereisnotendencyforwatertoseparatetheirmoleculesintoions.Methaneislessthanhalfasheavyawater.Whenacopperplateisputintothesulfuricacidelectrolyte(硫酸電解液),veryfewofitsatomsdissolve.主語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothetermsusedinthisspecification.本說(shuō)明所用的一些術(shù)語(yǔ)定義如下。（主語(yǔ)----謂語(yǔ)）Organiccompoundsarenotsolubleinwaterbecausethereisnotendencyforwatertoseparatetheirmoleculesintoions.有機(jī)化合物不溶于水，因?yàn)樗疀](méi)有將它們的分子分離成離子的傾向。（主語(yǔ)----賓語(yǔ)）Methaneislessthanhalfasheavyawater.甲烷的密度不到水的一半。（主語(yǔ)----定語(yǔ)）Whenacopperplateisputintothesulfuricacidelectrolyte(硫酸電解液),veryfewofitsatomsdissolve.當(dāng)將銅極片置于硫酸電解液中時(shí)，幾乎沒(méi)有銅原子溶解。（主語(yǔ)----狀語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thus,anacidandabase(堿)reactinaprotontransferreaction.Thepastfewdecadeshavebeencharacterizedbyprodigiousexpansionofheorganic-chemicalindustry.Themeltingpointofalkanesareratherirregularatfirst,buttendtorisesomewhatsteadilyasthemoleculesbecomelarger.謂語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thus,anacidandabase(堿)reactinaprotontransferreaction.因此，酸和堿的反應(yīng)是一個(gè)質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移的反應(yīng)。（謂語(yǔ)----賓語(yǔ)）Thepastfewdecadeshavebeencharacterizedbyprodigiousexpansionofheorganic-chemicalindustry.過(guò)去數(shù)十年的特征是有機(jī)化學(xué)工業(yè)得到了驚人的發(fā)展。（謂語(yǔ)----主語(yǔ)）Themeltingpointofalkanesareratherirregularatfirst,buttendtorisesomewhatsteadilyasthemoleculesbecomelarger.烷烴的熔點(diǎn)起初很不規(guī)則，但隨著分子的增大，則有些穩(wěn)步上升的趨勢(shì)。（謂語(yǔ)----賓語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯TNThashighexplosivepower.Itisassumedthatthereislittleifanyleakagethroughthecondensers.Lightmakesvisionpossible.賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯TNThashighexplosivepower.(TNT=trinitrotoluene)TNT的爆炸力很大。（賓語(yǔ)----主語(yǔ)）Itisassumedthatthereislittleifanyleakagethroughthecondensers.可以設(shè)想，電容器即使漏電，也是很少的（賓語(yǔ)----主語(yǔ)）Lightmakesvisionpossible.有了光，才能看見(jiàn)東西。（賓語(yǔ)----謂語(yǔ)）表語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace.Inthissensestructureanalysisiscommontomostorganicresearch.表語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace.凡占有空間的都是物質(zhì)。（表語(yǔ)----主語(yǔ)）Inthissensestructureanalysisiscommontomostorganicresearch.從這個(gè)意義上講，結(jié)構(gòu)分析普遍應(yīng)用于大多數(shù)的有機(jī)研究。（表語(yǔ)----謂語(yǔ)）定語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Therearetwogroupsofmetals:puremetalsandtheiralloys.Manyfactorsenterintoequipmentreliability.Automaticmachineshavingmanyadvantagescanonlydothejobstheyhavebeen"told"todo.Benzenecanundergothetypicalsubstitutionreactionsofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonationandFriedel-Craftsreaction.(鹵化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反應(yīng))定語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Therearetwogroupsofmetals:puremetalsandtheiralloys.金屬有兩大類：純金屬及其合金。（定語(yǔ)----主語(yǔ)）Manyfactorsenterintoequipmentreliability.涉及設(shè)備可靠性的因素很多。（定語(yǔ)----謂語(yǔ)）Automaticmachineshavingmanyadvantagescanonlydothejobstheyhavebeen"told"todo.自動(dòng)化機(jī)器雖然有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它們只能干人們“吩咐”它們要干的事情。（定語(yǔ)----謂語(yǔ)）Benzenecanundergothetypicalsubstitutionreactionsofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonationandFriedel-Craftsreaction.苯可以進(jìn)行典型的取代反應(yīng)，如鹵化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反應(yīng)。（定語(yǔ)----同位語(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Whenoxidesofnitrogenareabsorbedinwatertogivenitricacid,achemicalreactionoccurs.Whenaspringistightlystretchered,itisreadytodowork.TNTissimpleandrelativelysafetomanufacture.Inthesimplestchemicalcelltheelectrolyteisasolutionofsulfuricacidinwater.Theattractiveforcebetweenthemoleculesisnegligiblysmall.狀語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)譯Whenoxidesofnitrogenareabsorbedinwatertogivenitricacid,achemicalreactionoccurs.當(dāng)水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸時(shí)，就發(fā)生了化學(xué)反應(yīng)。（狀語(yǔ)----主語(yǔ)）Whenaspringistightlystretchered,itisreadytodowork.拉緊的彈簧隨時(shí)可以做功。（狀語(yǔ)從句----主語(yǔ)）TNTissimpleandrelativelysafetomanufacture.制造TNT簡(jiǎn)單而且比較安全。（狀語(yǔ)----謂語(yǔ)）Inthesimplestchemicalcelltheelectrolyteisasolutionofsulfuricacidinwater.在最簡(jiǎn)單的化學(xué)電池內(nèi)，電解液是硫酸的水溶液。（狀語(yǔ)----定語(yǔ)）Theattractiveforcebetweenthemoleculesisnegligiblysmall.分子間的吸引力小得可以忽略不計(jì)。（狀語(yǔ)----補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）

語(yǔ)序的改變

所謂語(yǔ)