TOEFLiBT聽力考試

簡介聽力測試包括2部分，每部分包含1個校園情景對話(campusconversation5q)和2個大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)講座(academiclectures6q/each)。題目總數(shù)34道。總時間在60分鐘。此外，新托?？荚囘€設(shè)置了加試。聽力考試的內(nèi)容更側(cè)重真實語言環(huán)境。Campusconversation：與教授或者導(dǎo)師探討學(xué)習(xí)問題/學(xué)生在校遇到問題，請求學(xué)校工作人員幫助。Academiclectures:多集中在商務(wù)、教育、人文、工程、自然科學(xué)和社會研究等北美留學(xué)生常選的學(xué)科上。其題型設(shè)計目的是一般學(xué)生能夠聽、說、理解各種學(xué)術(shù)話題。其難度和大學(xué)生在校園生活中所遇到的各種語言環(huán)境相當。TOEFLiBT特點1.答題形式：個人化應(yīng)試環(huán)境，活化題目場景，加強考生的理解程度。考生可以在聽力中做筆記，幫助記憶細節(jié)。2.答題程序：先聽、后讀、再選，不能進行跳躍式做題，不允許考生有二次考慮的機會3.題型：除單選題外，還加入多選題、是非題、圖表題等。4.語音：以美音為主，個別演講段落加入“國際口音”。5.題目難度：長度長：3-6分鐘；細節(jié)多；語速快：140-220/字節(jié)；多人對話；有干擾因素TOEFLiBT測試重點1.basiccomprehension基本理解能力:該能力主要通過主旨題和細節(jié)題來考察。a.主要內(nèi)容What’sthesubject/topic/mainideaoftheconversation/lecture?Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?Whatistheprofessormainlydiscussing?Whatisthespeaker’smainpoint?Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?b.主要目的Whydoesthestudentvisittheprofessor’soffice?Whydoestheprofessorasktoseethestudent?Whydoestheprofessorexplain/discuss/mention…?

c.細節(jié)題Accordingtothespeaker/professor/lecture,what/who/where/when/which/how/why….2.Pragmaticunderstanding語用信息理解能力：Functionquestions功能題

Stancequestions態(tài)度題

Let’sgotoamovieafterdinner.W:That’sattempting.However,thetennistournamentistomorrow,andIneedtogetinashortpracticesessiontonight.Sayrememberthatproposalforaninternationalfestivalnextspring?Doyouthinkthere'sanychanceit'llevergetofftheground?B:Idontthinkit'saquestionofwhetherit'llhappen.It'sjustamatterofwhereit'llbeheld.3.ConnectingInformation關(guān)聯(lián)信息理解能力：考察對文章脈絡(luò)和上下文關(guān)聯(lián)信息的把握，主要通過結(jié)構(gòu)題organizationquestions和關(guān)聯(lián)題connectingquestions和推測題inference實施測試organizationex.Howisthediscussionorganized?Howdoestheprofessordevelopthetopic?Howdoestheprofessorhelpthestudent？connectingex.Whatdoestheprofessormeanbythisstatement?Puttheeventsinorderfromtheearliesttolatestinferenceex.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetalk…?

Whatwillthestudentprobablydonext?聽力訓(xùn)練方法1.基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練：精聽與泛聽相結(jié)合精聽：精準理解dictation聽寫練習(xí)精選材料，難度適宜以句子為單位，強化短時記憶力五步訓(xùn)練法，找出聽力盲點，一一攻破結(jié)合語境，積累詞匯泛聽：大概理解培養(yǎng)語感題材多樣/聲音多樣2.應(yīng)試訓(xùn)練：針對考點進行單項訓(xùn)練，熟悉考試模式，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗與規(guī)律——多聽、多總結(jié)、多積累抓住要點記筆記養(yǎng)成邊聽邊記的習(xí)慣，摸索筆記的規(guī)律，形成自己的縮寫及筆記符號系統(tǒng)段落總結(jié)

聽完長段落，寫出關(guān)于該部分要點的簡要總結(jié)，不斷增加所聽部分的長度和縮寫總結(jié)的長度擴充詞匯量和知識背景ActualTest1校園生活場景問題在哪，如何解決。problem---solutionProblem--suggestion--stillproblem—moresuggestion—problemsolved在這個過程中注意對話雙方的態(tài)度。學(xué)術(shù)講座：主題展開的方式：直接展開/間接展開把握講座的邏輯線索聽力十大原則1.轉(zhuǎn)折原則：關(guān)注表示轉(zhuǎn)折和解釋的連接詞but,however,nevertheless,while,yet,unless,exceptfor,actually,infact,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth2.問答原則：關(guān)注含有一問一答或自問自答的句子或結(jié)構(gòu)3.開頭原則：主題往往出現(xiàn)在開頭的一兩句話4.尾巴原則：關(guān)注結(jié)尾，往往結(jié)論會在此出現(xiàn)5.重復(fù)原則：反復(fù)重復(fù)的詞或概念6.強調(diào)原則：語義強調(diào)（強調(diào)詞/解釋/舉例/級別/對比/結(jié)論）、語氣強調(diào)（重音/停頓/清晰）7.因果原則：原因（because,as,dueto,for,since,thereasonis/

結(jié)果(asaresult,consequently,hence,so,sothat,thus)

8.并列原則：first,second,third,plus,finallyetc…9.建議原則：Isuggest,propose,howabout,whatabout,ifIwereyou10.專有原則：人名、地點、時間、數(shù)字等Methodsofauditioning:definition（sampleperformance,talent,functions)Methods

1.Monologue2.Coldreadingorperformingfromunfamiliarscript:sightreadingWhy:vitalprocessforselecting1.Earlystage:prepared2.Laterstage:groups/castingpanelAuditioningMethodsWhymonologuecoldreadingearlystageLaterstage考點6，8考點7，9考點11考點10WaterpollutionCauses(whatandhow)1.organicwastes:sewageandfarmwastes--lossofoxygen2.industriesdischarge:wastewater--thermaleffects3.dirt:--restrictphotosynthesis;diseasesDamage1.leadingcauseofdeath2.measuredamagebyhydrologytransportmodels小結(jié)1.出題點集中于主題、結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問解答、觀點和結(jié)論等2.聽懂大意即可作對大多數(shù)題。3.多分析段落框架、結(jié)構(gòu)，把握內(nèi)在邏輯主線。4.根據(jù)主題或中心內(nèi)容，按照內(nèi)在邏輯合理推測。5.設(shè)身處地、合理聯(lián)想，推斷態(tài)度。UnitI:listenformainidea內(nèi)容主旨題內(nèi)容主旨題要求考生理解講座或?qū)υ挻笠猓瑢β牭絻?nèi)容進行歸納總結(jié)I.主題的出現(xiàn)：

1.開頭部分。2.結(jié)尾部分3.反復(fù)重復(fù)的詞匯或概念I(lǐng)I.主題的出現(xiàn)方式

1.開門見山式：Today,wearegoingtotalkabout…I’dliketobeginmylecturebyintroducingLet’sfocuson2.問答式：

Doyourememberwhattheyare…Howdoyouunderstandit3.全篇大意推導(dǎo)（較少）III.要點認真聽清開頭（根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容對開頭得到的信息進行適度調(diào)整）抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞（正確選項中往往包含這些詞匯）關(guān)注例子、解釋、說明等部分充分利用所記筆記，確定與筆記細節(jié)最貼近的主題IV.排除干擾項脫離文章主題過度的細節(jié)信息不準確原文沒有提及的信息Unit1對話部分場景：圖書館2.教授辦公室3.書店4.教學(xué)秘書辦公室話題：借書2.談?wù)摮煽?.買書4.選課

問題：1.如何找到所需要的書2.希望教授成績上給予照顧3.因欠款無法購買書4.該選多少學(xué)時/選什么課分析：1.中心--“howwouldIgoaboutfindingthisbook”（problem)---“DeweyDecimalSystem”(marker:thefirstthingyou

needtoknow)次要點：--narrowyoursearchbydeterminingwhichofthetenbroadareasyourtopicfallsunder.

(marker:initially,forinstance)--tofindouttheexactnumber,yougotoourcardcatalog(marker:now,)--eachcategoryisbrokendownintosubcategories(marker:now)內(nèi)在邏輯：（stepsofhowtousingDeweyDecimalSystem)2.Problem(request)—solution(refusal/acceptance)

中心--“Iwanttotalkaboutmygradeinyourcalculusclass”（problem)---Ithoughtmaybeyoucouldoverlookmybadtestscoreandgivemeapassinggrade(marker:andwell)

次要點---Ibrokeupwithmyboyfriend(marker:because)---whatyouareaskingmeisfavorism/cheating(marker:nothingmorethan)---Ihavebeenundersuchstress(marker:but)---youarenotthefirstonewhohashadtodealwithpersonalissues(marker:but,forinstance)

內(nèi)在邏輯：（請求-給出原因-拒絕-給出原因)3purchasethebook問題——問題/矛盾升級（更多問題）———解決中心句：A:IwouldliketopurchasethebookB:Iamsorry….butitseemslikeyouhavestillnotmadethepayment.Untilyoupaythearrears,Icannotletyoupurchaseanotheritem.問題升級:A:Ineedthisbookrightnow.IonlyhaveenoughmoneytobuythisbookB:eitheryoufindmoremoneyoryoureturnthebook進一步升級：A:IcouldhaveswornIreceivedthebillandputacheckinthemail.B:Iamsorryagain…wearenotresponsible…解決：thepayment…wasforanotherstore…Excusemyrudeness.Marker:Iamsorry,Iamsorryagain…Oh!Oh!

話題詞匯deferredpayment延期付款bearwithme稍等pullupyourrecords調(diào)出你的記錄dubious懷疑duedate到期付款日arrear欠款(couldhavesworn)swear發(fā)誓dime一角錢4register問題——問題/矛盾升級（更多問題）———解決中心句：A…h(huán)eretoregisterfornextsemester’sclassB:…signingupforthecoursesthatIneedformyjournalismmajor更多問題1A:youwanttograduateintheusualfouryears?B:yes,Ireallycan’taffordtostaylongerthanfouryears.A:youtakeatleast15to18hourseachsemester更多問題2A:Haveyoutakenalltherequiredcourses…B:Itookabiologyclassinsteadofamasscommunicationclass.Isthataproblem?A:youdefinitely

needtotakethemasscommunicationclassthisnextsemesterbecauseitisaprerequisite更多問題3B:shouldItakeotherscienceclass…also?A:ItwouldbeagoodideaB:thereisageologyclassthatlooksinteresting.

話題詞匯register注冊signupforthecourses選課coursehours學(xué)時getburnedout精疲力竭summerschool暑期班requiredcourses必修課（選修課prerequisite先修/先行課程Lectures領(lǐng)域：音樂2.農(nóng)業(yè)3.公眾健康4.動物學(xué)基本主題：1.歌劇的歷史2.水稻的起源3.牙菌斑4.老虎主題引出方式：1.3.4.直接給出2.由問題引出Lecture1.要點：歌劇的歷史

什么是歌劇（歌劇的定義）歌劇發(fā)軔于希臘現(xiàn)代歌劇始于意大利歌劇中的詠嘆調(diào)（詠嘆調(diào)的定義和作用）歌劇包含悲劇也包含喜?。ǘx）Let’stalkaboutopera.

Operasaredramasthatemploytheuseofmusic.Whydon’twelookatthehistoryofopera…?WehavetheancientGreekstothankforinspiringthisformofexpression.ModernoperabeganinItalyduringtheRenaissance.Thecomplicatedsongsareknowasarias.Anariaisacomplexmusicalpassagecreatedtoshowcaseasinger’svocalrange…anariaallowstheperformertoexpressavariedrangeofemotions…Justasaplaycanbeacomedyoratragedy,sotoocanoperas.Theoperaseriawhichhas…butthereisalsotheoperacomique話題詞匯costumes戲劇服裝renaissance文藝復(fù)興embrace接受，信奉arias詠嘆調(diào)vocalrange音域morbid病態(tài)的comedy喜劇tragedy悲劇clichedform過時的形式operaseria正歌劇/悲歌劇operacomique喜歌劇Lecture2要點

水稻的起源

野生水稻早在16,000年前大冰川期之間就已存在。據(jù)信源于亞洲。(origin)馴化水稻的產(chǎn)生可追朔到中國文明早期(originated)進一步解釋什么是馴化水稻(定義)有關(guān)水稻起源的神話傳說whatistheoriginofrice?Doyoumeantheoriginofwildriceordomesticrice?…thescientificoriginofrice…themythologicalstories?…beginwithwildrice…h(huán)ardtopindownprecisedate…morethan16,000yearsago…originisAsiadomesticriceoriginatesbacktotheearlydaysofChineseculture.Domesticationhappenswhen……there’smorethanonemythbehindtheoriginofrice,butIwillbrieflysummarizeone…”thegiftoftheskyflood”話題詞匯domesticrice馴化水稻Greaticeage大冰川時期electrophoresis電泳法（新科技技術(shù)，用來分離不同物理性質(zhì)的分子）cultivate種植sowtheseeds播種yieldmorevolume高產(chǎn)量riceimprint水稻痕跡ricepaddy稻田positivetraits優(yōu)良特征seedling幼苗Lecture3要點牙菌斑

什么是牙菌斑(定義）牙菌斑的危害牙菌斑導(dǎo)致牙石（牙石的定義）如何預(yù)防牙菌斑（進一步解釋）Today,wewillbediscussingoralplaque.Oralplaqueisayellowish,stickyfilmofbacteria.…leads

to…dentalcavitiesorevenmoreseriousdiseasesItisbecause…ithardensintowhatisknownastartar.Tartarisaveryhardsubstancethat…sowithregularbrushingandregularvisitstothedentist,youcanhelpprotectyourteethfromthebuildupplaque.dailybrushingandflossing,regularvisitstothedentist話題詞匯oralplaque牙菌斑afilmof一層bacteria細菌dentalcavities蛀牙tartar牙石gum牙齦swollen發(fā)炎，腫naturaldefense自然防護imperative絕對必要的，必須做的saliva唾液neutralizetheacidicenvironment中和酸性環(huán)境microorganism微生物enamel釉質(zhì)floss牙線Lecture4要點

老虎的動物學(xué)定義老虎的特點a.每只老虎的條紋都獨一無二,附帶解釋了一下白老虎的問題b.老虎是最大的貓科動物c.老虎的種類

老虎的瀕危處境todaywearegoingtobediscussingthe…animal,thetigerAtigerisamammalwith…..Didyoualsoknowthatnotwotigersharethesamestripepattern?Analbinotigerisatigerwith….Didyouknowthattheyarethelargestofallthecats?Therearealsoeightsubspeciesoftigerthatscientistshaveidentified…tigersontheendangeredspecifieslist.Whyaretigersendangered?huntfortheirskins…valuableasbiggametrophies...peopleseethetigerasathreat話題詞匯intimidating讓人畏懼的mammal哺乳動物stripe條紋albino白化病deceiving欺騙的mane鬃毛subspecies亞種endangered瀕危的poacher偷獵者livestock家畜extinct滅絕的majestic莊嚴的注意學(xué)生的提問。提問往往引出重要次論點，或是對主論點的進一步強調(diào)和解釋，是考點所在。注意對論點、次論點的定義和解釋UnitTwo目的主旨題Gist-Purpose目的主旨題考查的是對話的目的，而非內(nèi)容。問題形式：Whatisthemainpurposeof…?