高考新題型之概要寫(xiě)作——議論文Pre-learningCheckingHowtofindthetopicsentences?Trytodrawaconclusionbasedonthepre-learningmaterials演繹法撰寫(xiě)，遵循從一般到個(gè)別的寫(xiě)作程序，即以概述開(kāi)句，隨之輔加細(xì)說(shuō)。1.給予例證、解釋或說(shuō)明的段落，首句后常見(jiàn)詞：

forexample，take…asanexample2.下定義的段落；that’stosay;tobeexact段首是主題句：1.闡述一個(gè)不太常見(jiàn)的或難以令人接受的觀點(diǎn)的段落2.旨在說(shuō)服讀者相信其論點(diǎn)的段落用歸納法撰寫(xiě)，先表述細(xì)節(jié)或交代論據(jù)，最后做出概括性的結(jié)論，以總結(jié)性句子收尾。常見(jiàn)詞：

asaresult;inaword,toconclude,infact,therefore等段尾是主題句：引題或例證——主題思想——解釋或進(jìn)一步給予例證。段意轉(zhuǎn)折，一般作者往往把中心意思放于轉(zhuǎn)折后。常見(jiàn)詞：however,but,onthecontrary,nevertheless，instead等出現(xiàn)于過(guò)渡句或疑問(wèn)句之后。段中主題句：Inthepastalotofpeoplewerereluctanttoshoponline.ManywereworriedaboutthesecurityofenteringtheircarddetailsontheInternetandthereliabilityoftheInternet.Butwithshoppingonlinebecomingmorewidespread,ithasn’tsloweddowntheincreasingnumbersofonlineshoppers.AstheBBCreports,averagespendingonlinethisChristmasinAmericawillriseto$240orso.Inthepastalotofpeoplewerereluctanttoshoponline.ManywereworriedaboutthesecurityofenteringtheircarddetailsontheInternetandthereliabilityoftheInternet.C.Butwithshoppingonlinebecomingmorewidespread,ithasn’tsloweddowntheincreasingnumbersofonlineshoppers.D.AstheBBCreports,averagespendingonlinethisChristmasin

Americawillriseto$240orso.FurtherConsolidationArgumentation(議論文)Toinformorexplainanopinionbyprovidingmaterials.TaskPresentationHowtosummaryanargumentation?TheStructureofArgumentationOpinionsSupportingideasConclusionReadingUnderlinethetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.2.Clarifythestructureofthepassageaccordingtothe

topicsentences.Bytoday’sstandards,mymobilephoneisprettyrubbish.It’saNokia1616,asmall,notveryheavydevicewithwhichyoucansendandreceivecallsandmessages.Exceptthat,myphonedoesn’tdomuch.It’snothingcomparedtoasmartphone.WhywouldIwantoneofthose?Ihaveoftenbeentoldthatthebigadvantageofhavingasmartphoneisthat:“Youcandoeverythingwiththem!”O(jiān)kay,theymayhaveendlessfunctions,butgenerallytheyarejustusedforcheckingsocialnetworkingsites,playinggames,andreceivingandreplyingtoemailswhichcanbeperformedwellbymylaptop.AsfarasIcantell,thebestthingabouthavingansmartphoneisthatyoucanbeconnectedtotheInternetallthetime.IlovetheInternet,butIjustdon’tseethepointofconstantlybeingonline.Iwouldthinkthatifsomeoneneededmeurgently,theywouldjustringmeratherthansendanemail.Onetypicaleffectofthesmartphoneis,inmyopinion,theaddictiontomapsandnavigations(導(dǎo)航)system.Isthereanythingmoreboringthanknowingexactlywhereyouareallofthetime?Howdoyougettoknowanareaifyoudon’tgetlostthereafewtimes?Itistruethatwealloccasionallyneedtobepointedintherightdirection,butwecanexperiencemuchmoreifturningtothereallifehumans.Therearemanybenefitsofhavingaverybasicmobilephone,likethefactthatitcostmeabouttwentypounds,andthatIdon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutitbeingstolen.Butthemainbenefithastobethefactthatitprovidesmewiththeworld’sgreatestexcuseformybadhabits.Whetherit’sturninguplatetoevents,orforgettingaboutanappointmentatwork,I’mcoveredwith:“I’msorry.Idon’thaveasmartphone.”TopicSentencesPara.1WhywouldIwantoneofthose?Para.2Generallytheyarejustusedforcheckingsocial……

whichcanbeperformedwellbymylaptop.

Para.3Ijustdon’tseethepointofconstantlybeingonlinePara.4Itistruethat…,butwecanexperiencemuchmore

ifturningtothereallifehumans.Para.5Butthemainbenefithasto……providesmewith

theworld’sgreatestexcuseformybadhabits.TheStructureofArgumentationOpinions:SupportingideasPara.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para2,Para3,Para4:argumentsagainsttheadvantagesof

smartphonesPara5:AmainadvantageofabasicmobilephoneTip1:Choosetheproperconjunctionsbasedonthestructuresecondly;besides,…firstlythirdlymoreimportantly,Para.1Para.1WhywouldIwantoneofthose?

Tip2:Useastatementinsteadofaquestionsuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:

preferto…ratherthan….

haveapreferencefor…….InsteadofOpinions:TheLanguageofArgumentation(basicmobilephoneratherthansmartphone)TheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideasPara.2“checkingsocialnetworkingsites,playinggames,and

receivingandreplyingtoemails“frequentlyusedfunctionsTip3:UsesummarywordsinsteadofspecificexamplesTheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideasPara.3Ijustdon’tseethepointofconstantlybeingonlinesuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:

Thereisnosense/pointindoing…..

Itisnotnecessaryto……TheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideasPara.4Itistruethatwealloccasionallyneedtobepointedintherightdirection,butwecanexperiencemuchmoreifturningtothereallifehumans.askfordirections;experiencealotTip4:Focusonthekeywordsintopicsentencesuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:

If…,youmaynotexperience…;Askingfordirectionsbycommunicationratherthan…will...TheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideassuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:…..helpmedo,findagoodexcuse…Ving…..canhelpme…..Para.5Butthemainbenefithastobethefactthatitprovidesmewiththeworld’sgreatestexcuseformybadhabits.Havingnosmartphone/usingmyordinaryphoneTip5:Clarifywhat“it”referstoOpinionssuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:

preferto…ratherthan….

haveapreferencefor…….InsteadofSupportingideas1.frequentlyusedfunctions

2.Thereisnosense/pointindoing

(online)…..Itisnotnecessaryto……3.askfordirections;experiencealot;

bycommunication;ratherthan...

If…,youmayn