初中英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課thePassiveVoice一、什么是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)作的承受者做主語(yǔ)am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedonecan/may/must/should/bedone一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)：

二、幾種常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞原形，過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞。

1.一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。play-played

2.以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d。live-lived3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed.study-studied

4.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed。Stop-stoppedplan-planned

5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。

go-wentbuy-bought不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞歸類表（1）

AAA型（動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞同形）

cost（花費(fèi)）

cost

costcut（割）

cut

cut

hit（打）

hit

hit

hurt

傷害）

hurt

hurt

let（讓）

let

let

put（放）

put

put

read

（讀）

read

read

spread

(傳播)spread

spread

(2)

AAB型（動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去式同形）

beat（跳動(dòng)）

beat

beaten(3)

ABA型

become（變成）became

become

come（來(lái)）

came

come

run（跑）

ran

run

(4)

ABB型（過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞同形）dig（挖）

dug

dug

get（得到）

got

gothang（吊死）

hanged

hanged

hang（懸掛）

hung

hunghold（抓?。?/p>

held

heldsit（坐）

sat

satwin

（贏）

won

wonmeet（遇見(jiàn)）

met

met

(5)

ABC型（動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞三者不同形）1begin（開(kāi)始）began

begun

drink（喝）

drank

drunk

ring（鈴響）

rang

rungsing

（唱）

sang

sung

swim（游泳）

swam

swum

blow（吹）

blew

blowndraw

（畫）

drew

drawnfly（飛）

flew

flown

grow（生長(zhǎng)）

grew

grown

know（知道）

knew

known

throw（投擲）threw

thrown

show（出示）

showed

shown1.They

make

shoes

inthatfactory.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞1.TheyplayfootballonSunday.2.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.3.Theydon’toftenusecomputersinclass.4.DoyoumakethesemachinesinBeijing?FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersaren’toftenusedbytheminclass.ArethesemachinesmadeinBeijing?2.They

bought

tencomputers

lastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were+過(guò)去分詞1.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.2.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.3.Didyoucleantheclassroomjustnow?4.Theydidn’tusethisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Wastheclassroomcleanedbyusjustnow?Thisroomwasn’tusedforrestingbythem.3.They

will

finish

thework

intendays.Thework

will

befinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：S+will+be+過(guò)去分詞1.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.2.Childrenwon’ttakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.3.Willtheheadmastergiveatalkthisafternoon?Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswon’tbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Willatalkbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon?翻譯句子1我的房間每天都被清洗2我的房間昨天被清洗了3我的房間明天將會(huì)被清洗4我的房間應(yīng)該被清洗MyroomiscleanedeverydayMyroomwascleanedyesterdayMyroomwillbecleanedtomorrowMyroomshouldbecleanedExercise:把下面的句子改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.Computers_____________bytheminclass.2.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Ourclassroom___________byusjustnow.3.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Atalk___________bytheheadmasterthisafternoon.areoftenusedwascleanedwillbegiven四、Putthefollowingintopassivevoice：1.Icanfinishmyhomeworkeveryday.

Myhomeworkcanbefinished

bymeeveryday.2.Didtheybuymanyflowers？

Weremanyflowersbought

bythem？3.Hedoesn’toftenreadEnglish.

Englishisn’toftenread

byhim.4.Theytoldusnottogothere.

Weweretoldnottogotherebythem.

完成跟蹤練習(xí)1，2，3，41.在hear，see，watch，notice等“感觀”動(dòng)詞的后面和make，let等“使役”動(dòng)詞的后面作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但這種句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)加上to。（一聽(tīng)，二使，三看）(1).Isawhercomeintomyroom.

Shewasseen

tocomeintomyroombyme.(2).Hemademewritetheletterforhim.

Iwasmadetowritetheletterforhim.注意問(wèn)題2.若主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞是雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（如：give，pass，show等），變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)，稱作保留賓語(yǔ)。若保留賓語(yǔ)是指人，前面要加上介詞“to”。eg：

Heshowedmehisphotos.

Iwasshownhisphotos.

OR:Hisphotoswereshowntome.Morewordsgivesbsth=givesth.tosbshowsbsbsth=showsth.tosbpasssbsbsth=passsth.tosbsendsbsbsth=sendsth.tosbbringsbsbsth=bringsth.tosbtellsbsbsth=tellsth.tosb3.如主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞是雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如buy,make等，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)，若保留的賓語(yǔ)是指人，前面要加上介詞fore.gHeboughtmeapen.Apenwasboughtforme.或Iwasboughtapen

getsbsbsth=getsth.forsbbuysbsbsth=buysth.forsbmakesbsbsth=makesth.forsbmendsbsbsth=mendsth.forsbcook

sbsbsth=cooksth.forsb4.只有及物動(dòng)詞才能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，注意不要丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。eg：Thedoctorlookedovertheoldwomancarefully.Theoldwomanwaslookedoverbythedoctorcarefully.Attention!

五、什么情況下沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

*Thefish______(taste)good.*—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it______(feel)verysoft.*Thepopmusic_______(sound)beautiful.tastesfeelssounds2一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：happen，takeplace,last,have(有),appear,disappear,cost,comeout這本書已經(jīng)出版許多次了。Thebookhasalreadycomeoutmanytimes（2）我家鄉(xiāng)已發(fā)生了巨大的變化。Greatchangeshavealreadytakenplaceinmyhometown(3)會(huì)議持續(xù)了30分鐘。Themeetinglastedfor30minutes.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)完成跟蹤練習(xí)5，6，7P167一三題Choosethebestanswer:1.Anewbook______mebyhimyesterday.A.isgiventoB.wasgivenC.wasgiventoD.gaveto2.Don’tworrry.Thejob______twohours.A.canbefinishedinB.wasfinishedforC.canfinishinD.canbefinishedafter3.Usuallytheclassroom______twiceaday,butnobody______thefloorthismorning.A.iscleaned,wassweptB.cleans,wassweptC.iscleaned,sweptD.iscleaned,sweeps4.I_______atfivethismorning,soIamverytirednow.A.waswakingB.waswokenC.wakeupD.waswokenupCACCD5.He_____me______therewithhimlastnight.A.wasasked,togoB.asked,togoC.wasasked,goD.asked,go6.Theystayedhere______April.A.inB.sinceC.forD.on7.We_______apicniclastWednesday.A.toldtohaveB.weretoldtohaveC.weretoldhimtohaveD.weretoldtonothave8.Who_______thefoodonthetable,Tom?A.ateupB.waseatenupC.eatsupD.waseatingup9.Todaymanytreesarebeingcutinourcountry.Somoretrees_________.A.mustplantB.mustbeplantC.mustbeplantedA.mustbetoplantBBABCA10.______thehomework______thedayaftertomorrow?A.May,behandedinB.Maybe,handedinC.May,handinD.May,behanded11.Mypencil______thedaybeforeyesterday.A.foundB.wasfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfound12.Thescientisthasworkedonthemathsproblemforthreedayswithouthavingarest,sohe_______verytirednow.A.mustbeB.maybeC.canbeD.needbe13.Theworkers——————muchheavyworkeachday.A.madetodoB.weremadetodoC.weremadedoD.madehimtodo

AAB