CharlesDickens查爾斯·狄更斯Introuction

CharlesJohnHuffamDickens(7February1812–9June1870)wasanEnglishwriterandsocialcritic.Hecreatedsomeoftheworld'smostwell-knownfictionalcharactersandisgenerallyregardedasthegreatestnovelistoftheVictorianperiod.Duringhislife,hisworksenjoyedunprecedented（史無(wú)前例的，空前的）fame,andbythetwentiethcenturyhewaswidelyseenasaliterarygenius['d?inj?s]bycriticsandscholars.Hisnovelsandshortstoriescontinuetobewidelypopular.LifetimeBorninPortsmouth,England,Dickenswasforcedtoleaveschooltoworkinafactory

whenhisfatherwasthrownintodebtors'prison.Althoughhehadlittleformaleducation,hisearlyimpoverishmentdrovehimtosucceed.Overhiscareerheeditedaweeklyjournalfor20years,wrote15novels,fivenovellasandhundredsofshortstoriesandnon-fictionarticles,lecturedandperformedextensively,wasanindefatigableletterwriter,andcampaignedvigorouslyforchildren'srights,education,andothersocialreforms.狄更斯出生在英國(guó)樸茨茅斯，在他的父親因債務(wù)被投入監(jiān)獄之后，他離開了學(xué)校去工廠上班。雖然他只接受了一點(diǎn)兒的正規(guī)教育，但是他早期的貧困經(jīng)歷促使他走向了成功。在他的職業(yè)生涯中，他為了一個(gè)周刊做了20年的編輯，寫了15部小說(shuō)，5部中篇小說(shuō)，以及數(shù)百計(jì)的短篇故事和非小說(shuō)類文章，他還不斷地演講和表演，是一位不知疲倦的多產(chǎn)作家。同時(shí)，他還為了兒童權(quán)利、教育、和其他社會(huì)改革進(jìn)行積極的競(jìng)選。LiteraryStyle?Fantasticoptimism充滿幻想的樂(lè)觀精神?Novelapicaresca“流浪漢小說(shuō)”的結(jié)構(gòu)模式?Exaggeration夸張的藝術(shù)手法?GentleReformismandstronghumanitarian溫和的改良主義和強(qiáng)烈的人道主義?Hecriticisebourgeoisandtheirmorality對(duì)資產(chǎn)者及道德的辛辣批判?Explorationofman'sinnerconflicts尖銳的矛盾沖突主導(dǎo)情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)?Humorandsatiresocialcriticism幽默、尖銳的社會(huì)批判Forexample,thenameMr.MurdstoneinDavidCopperfieldstandsbymurderandstonycoldness.Hecallsonecharacterthe"NobleRefrigerator"—areoftenpopular.Comparingorphanstostocksandshares,peopletotugboats,ordinner-partygueststofurniturearejustsomeofDickens'sacclaimedflightsoffancy.舉個(gè)例子：《大衛(wèi)科波菲爾》中摩德斯通先生的名字讓人想起了謀殺和無(wú)情的冷漠雙重意思。他的文學(xué)風(fēng)格也混合了幻想和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。他把對(duì)英國(guó)貴族的勢(shì)力和諷刺經(jīng)常很流行，例如把一個(gè)人物稱為”高貴的冰箱“。把嬰兒比作股票和股份，把人比作商船，把宴會(huì)上的客人比作家具只僅僅是地封死被贊揚(yáng)的精彩想象中的一部分。DifferentPeriodsofWorksEarlyWorks(1833---1841)Thought:Hecouldn'trecognizethereality,sohestillhavethehopewiththekindofbourgeois.TheKeynotesofWorks:optimismWritingTechniques:TheStructureofPicaresqueNovelsTheplotcoincidenceTheBritishSenseofHumourMasterworksThePickwickPapers《匹克威克先生外傳》OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》NicholasNickleby

《尼古拉斯·尼克貝》Medium-termWorks(1842-1857)Thought:Histhoughtwereprofoundthanearlytime.Hisworkscouldreflectsociallifemoreprofoundlythanbefore.TheKeynotesofWorks:AlittledesolateWritingTechniques:ThestructuralintegrityMoreexaggeratedandhumoroustechniquesMasterworksDavidCopperfield

《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》AChristmasCarol

《圣誕頌歌》DombeyandSon

《董貝父子》LateWorks(1858---Deaths)Thoughts:

ContinuelyprofoundTheKeynotesofWorks:DeeplyandausterelyWritingTechniques:

?Veryrigorousstructure

?Fullofsuspenseand?symbolization

?LesshumorousMasterworksATaleofTwoCities

《雙城記》GreatExpectations

《遠(yuǎn)大前程》OurMutualFriend

《我們共同的朋友》ATaleofTwoCitiesItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,Enjoyitwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway“那是最昌明的時(shí)世，那是最衰微的時(shí)世；那是睿智開化的歲月，那是混沌愚昧的歲月；那是信仰篤誠(chéng)的年代，那是疑云重重的年代；那是陽(yáng)光燦爛的季節(jié)，那是長(zhǎng)夜晦暗的季節(jié)；那是欣欣向榮的春天，那是死氣沉沉的冬天；我們眼前無(wú)所不有，我們眼前一無(wú)所有；我們都徑直奔向天堂，我們都徑直奔向另一條路?！盩heInfluence

Dickensexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessheseesallaroundhim.Dickens'snovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglish.?Hisnovelstellmuchoftheexperiencesofhischildhood.?Almostallhisnovelshavehappyendings.?Dickensisagreathumorist.?Dickensisapettybourgeoisintellectualwriter.DeathCharlesDickensdiesbystrokeonJune9,1870andhewasburiedatWestminsterAbbeyinthePoet'sCorner."Hewasasympathisertothepoor,thesuffering,andtheoppressed;andbyhisdeath,oneofEngland'sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld."

1870年6月9日狄更斯因腦溢血與世長(zhǎng)辭，他去世后被安葬在西敏寺的