燈和燈系統(tǒng)的光生物安全性PhotobiologicalsafetyoflampsandlampsystemsNemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionWavelengthrangeoflightNemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionVisibleradiationAnyopticalradiationcapableofdirectlycausingavisualsensation.Note:Therearenopreciselimitsforthespectralrangeofvisibleradiationsincetheydependupontheamountofradiantpowerreachingtheretinaandtheresponsivityoftheobserver.Thelowerlimitisgenerallytakenbetween360nmand400nmandtheupperlimitbetween760nmand830nm.可見(jiàn)輻射任何具有能夠直接引起視覺(jué)的光輻射?？梢?jiàn)輻射的光譜范圍沒(méi)有精確的界限，因?yàn)樗Q于到達(dá)視網(wǎng)膜的輻射功率和觀察者的響應(yīng)度，下限一般在360nm-400nm之間，上限在760nm–830nm。NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionUltravioletradiation(UV)Opticalradiationforwhichthewavelengthsareshorterthanthoseforvisibleradiation.Note:Forultraviolet(UV)radiation,therangebetween100nmand400nmiscommonlysubdividedinto:UV-A,from315nmto400nm;UV-B,from280nmto315nm;andUV-C,from100nmto280nm.紫外輻射波長(zhǎng)小于可見(jiàn)輻射波長(zhǎng)的光輻射。100nm-400nm范圍內(nèi)的紫外輻射通常被分為：UV-A(315nm–400nm)、UV-B(280nm–315nm)、UV-C(100nm–280nm)。NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionInfraredradiation(IR)Opticalradiationforwhichthewavelengthsarelongerthanthoseforvisibleradiation.Note:Forinfraredradiation,therangebetween780nmand106nmiscommonlysubdividedinto:IR-A(780nmto1400nm),IR-B(1400nmto3000nm),andIR-C(3000nmto106nm).紅外輻射波長(zhǎng)大于可見(jiàn)輻射波長(zhǎng)的光學(xué)輻射。780nm到106nm這個(gè)區(qū)域的紅外輻射通常被分為：IR-A(780nm–1400nm)、IR-B(1400nm–3000nm)、IR-C(300nm–106nm)。NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionBluelighthazard(BLH)Potentialforaphotochemicallyinducedretinalinjuryresultingfromradiationexposureatwavelengthsprimarilybetween400nmand500nm.Thisdamagemechanismdominatesoverthethermaldamagemechanismfortimesexceeding10seconds.藍(lán)光危害由波長(zhǎng)主要介于400nm與500nm的輻射照射后引起的光化學(xué)作用，導(dǎo)致視網(wǎng)膜損傷的潛能。如果照射時(shí)間超過(guò)10s，這種損害機(jī)理起主要作用，而且是損害機(jī)理的數(shù)倍之多。NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionWhichproductsarerequiredtoperformIEC/EN62471?Self-ballastedLED-lampsforgenerallightingservices>50V–IEC/EN62560(自鎮(zhèn)流LED燈)LEDmodulesforgenerallighting–IEC/EN62031(LED模塊)

LEDsusedasalightsourceinluminaires(OSM/CTLDecisionsheetDSH0744)根據(jù)OSM/CTL決議，LED燈具必須按照IEC/EN62471進(jìn)行測(cè)試評(píng)估。COMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No244/2009家用非定向燈歐盟法規(guī)244/2009也對(duì)節(jié)能燈的UVA+UVB和UVC測(cè)試有所要求NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionIEC/EN62560“Self-ballastedLED-lampsforgenerallightingservices>50V–Safetyspecifications”(自鎮(zhèn)流LED燈)

Clause5.2c)——Foreyeprotection,seerequirementsofIEC62471LEDmodulesforgenerallighting–SafetyspecificationsIEC/EN62031(LED模塊)

Clause7.1g)——Foreyeprotection,seerequirementsofIEC62471NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionLEDsusedasalightsourceinluminaires(OSM/CTLDecisionsheetDSH0744)

FortheevaluationoftheopticalradiationhazardsIEC/EN62471shallbeapplied.Awaitingthefuturemodificationsofproductstandards(lamps,luminairesandothers),alltherequirements,includingmarkingprovidedbyIECTR62471-2shallbeapplied.——ForLEDswithlowluminance(<104cd/m2)emittingonlyinthevisiblerangethereisnoneedofhazardsriskclassificationaccordingtoIEC/EN62471(seeClause4.1).——It’suptotheCertificationBodytoaccepttheluminairemanufacturerdeclarationbasedonrelevanttestsshowingthattheradiationfromtheluminairedoesnotexceedthevaluesgiveninIEC/EN62471forExemptGroupandRiskGroup1.IntheTRF,itisindicatedthatjudgementisbasedonmanufacturer’sdeclaration.Ifsuchadeclarationisnotprovided,themeasurementsgiveninIEC/EN62471shallbeperformed.NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司IntroductionCOMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No244/2009

Table4FunctionalityrequirementsforcompactfluorescentlampsNemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司History&BackgroundBeforeSep.12010,thereisnotanspecificstandardforLED.ButEN60825-1:1994isthemostappropriateatthetimebecauseLED’scharacteristics.AfterSep.12010,EN60825-1:1994wasreplacedbyEN60825-1:2007.ButEN60825-1:2007hasexcludedLEDforgenerallighting.EN62471:2008(Dop2009-09-01;Dow2011-09-01)FromSep.12010,EN62471isanapplicablestandardforLEDthoughDowofEN62471:2008is2011-09-01.NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司EN62471scopeEN62471:2008(IEC62471:2006)ThisInternationalStandardgivesguidanceforevaluatingthephotobiologicalsafetyoflampsand

lamp

systemsincludingluminaires.Specificallyitspecifiestheexposurelimits,referencemeasurement

techniqueandclassificationschemefortheevaluationandcontrolof

photobiologicalhazardsfromall

electricallypoweredincoherentbroadbandsourcesofopticalradiation,includingLEDsbutexcluding

lasers,inthewavelengthrangefrom200nmthrough3000nm.

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)評(píng)估燈和燈系統(tǒng),包括各種燈具的光生物安全性給予指導(dǎo)。對(duì)于所有非相干寬帶電光源，也包括發(fā)光二極管(LED)但不包括激光，在200nm至3000nm波長(zhǎng)范圍的光學(xué)輻射的光生物危害的評(píng)估和控制，本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)曝輻射限值參考測(cè)量技術(shù)和分級(jí)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行了明確規(guī)定。NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司EN62471hazardclassificationActinicUVhazard(fortheskinandeye)皮膚和眼睛的光化學(xué)紫外危害200nm–400nmNear-UVhazard(fortheeye)眼睛的近紫外危害315nm–400nmRetinalbluelighthazard視網(wǎng)膜藍(lán)光危害300nm–700nmRetinalbluelighthazard(smallsource)視網(wǎng)膜藍(lán)光危害(小光源)300nm–700nmRetinalthermalhazard視網(wǎng)膜熱危害380nm–1400nmRetinalthermalhazard(weakvisualstimulus)視網(wǎng)膜熱危害(對(duì)微弱視覺(jué)刺激)780nm–1400nmInfraredradiationhazard(fortheeye)眼睛的紅外輻射危害780nm–3000nmThermalhazard(fortheskin)皮膚熱危害380nm–3000nmNemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司EN62471lampclassificationExemptGroup無(wú)危害類RiskGroup1(Low-Risk)1類危害(低危害)RiskGroup2(Moderate-Risk)2類危害(中度危害)RiskGroup3(High-Risk)3類危害(高危害)NemkoShanghaiLtd.上海聯(lián)廣認(rèn)證有限公司EN62471lampclassification

Timeofexposure曝輻時(shí)間

(單位：秒)Hazard危害ExemptGroup無(wú)危害RiskGroup11類危害RiskGroup22類危害ActinicUVhazard(ES)光化學(xué)紫外危害30000100001000Near-UVhazard(EUVA)近紫外危害1000300100Retinalblue-lighthazard(LB)視網(wǎng)膜藍(lán)光危害100001000.25Retinalthermalhazard(LR)視網(wǎng)膜熱危害10100.25IRhazardfortheeye(EIR)眼睛的紅外輻射危害100010010