Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.WhatkindofdifficultydoyouthinkMaryandhersisterwillhave___________(adapt)tothenewenvironment?句意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：你認(rèn)為Mary和她妹妹適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境會(huì)有什么困難呢?havedifficulty(in)doingsth．表示“做某事有困難”。2.Only40%of5-year-oldshaveaccess_______preschooleducation.句意：考查固定搭配。句意：過去，5歲孩童中只有40％能享受學(xué)前教育。此處haveaccesstopreschooleducation表示“有受學(xué)前教育的機(jī)會(huì)”。其中haveaccesstosth．“有接觸(或進(jìn)入、使用)的機(jī)會(huì)”為固定搭配。3.Yourtechnical___________(assistant)intheprojectisgreatlyappreciated.句意：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：非常感謝你對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)援助。根據(jù)句意可知，空處意為“幫助，援助”，再結(jié)合提示詞可知填assistance。4.Thedoctormadealongandthoroughexaminationforme,____________(particular)ofmyeyes.句意：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：醫(yī)生給我作了一次長時(shí)間且徹底的檢查，特別是我的眼睛。此處particularly作狀語，相當(dāng)于inparticular。5.Weshouldkeepinmindthatweneverkeepcompany_______dishonestpeople.句意：考查固定搭配。句意：我們應(yīng)該記住決不能和不誠實(shí)的人做朋友。keepcompanywithsb．是固定搭配，表示“與……交往，與……結(jié)伴，與……做朋友”。6.Theshovelisatoolthatishandy______variousjobs.Youshouldtakeitwithyouwhengoingouting.句意：考查固定搭配。句意：鐵鍬是一種可用來做多種工作的工具。你應(yīng)該在外出郊游時(shí)隨身帶上。behandyfor是固定搭配。7.—Iwonderwhetheryouwouldmind_______(do)meafavour.—No.Withpleasure.句意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！蚁胫滥闶欠窠橐鈳臀乙粋€(gè)忙?！唤橐?。這真是我的榮幸。此處dosb．a(chǎn)favour是固定搭配，表示“幫某人的忙”。mind后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故空處填doing。8.Hewas_____eagertomeethisfriendthathecouldhardlysitthroughthemeeting.句意：考查固定搭配。句意：他急于去見他的朋友以至于幾乎不能堅(jiān)持到會(huì)議結(jié)束。so…that…是固定用法，表示“如此……以至于……”。9.Ithinkyouwillneverbeaprofessionalmusician,butI’msurethatyouhaveprofited_________musicallessons.句意：考查固定搭配。句意：我想你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為一名職業(yè)音樂家，然而我敢肯定你已經(jīng)從音樂課中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。profitfrom是固定搭配，意為“得益于，從……中得到益處，從……中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)”。10.Allthismadehim__________(interest)inthehistoryofphilosophy.句意：考查賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意：這一切使他對(duì)哲學(xué)史感興趣。interested形容詞“感興趣的”用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。答案：1.adapting句意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：你認(rèn)為Mary和她妹妹適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境會(huì)有什么困難呢?havedifficulty(in)doingsth．表示“做某事有困難”。2.to句意：考查固定搭配。句意：過去，5歲孩童中只有40％能享受學(xué)前教育。此處haveaccesstopreschooleducation表示“有受學(xué)前教育的機(jī)會(huì)”。其中haveaccesstosth．“有接觸(或進(jìn)入、使用)的機(jī)會(huì)”為固定搭配。3.assistance句意：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：非常感謝你對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)援助。根據(jù)句意可知，空處意為“幫助，援助”，再結(jié)合提示詞可知填assistance。4.particularly句意：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：醫(yī)生給我作了一次長時(shí)間且徹底的檢查，特別是我的眼睛。此處particularly作狀語，相當(dāng)于inparticular。5.with句意：考查固定搭配。句意：我們應(yīng)該記住決不能和不誠實(shí)的人做朋友。keepcompanywithsb．是固定搭配，表示“與……交往，與……結(jié)伴，與……做朋友”。for句意：考查固定搭配。句意：鐵鍬是一種可用來做多種工作的工具。你應(yīng)該在外出郊游時(shí)隨身帶上。behandyfor是固定搭配。doing句意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！蚁胫滥闶欠窠橐鈳臀乙粋€(gè)忙?！唤橐狻＿@真是我的榮幸。此處dosb．a(chǎn)favour是固定搭配，表示“幫某人的忙”。mind后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故空處填doing。so句意：考查固定搭配。句意：他急于去見他的朋友以至于幾乎不能堅(jiān)持到會(huì)議結(jié)束。so…that…是固定用法，表示“如此……以至于……”。from句意：考查固定搭配。句意：我想你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為一名職業(yè)音樂家，然而我敢肯定你已經(jīng)從音樂課中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。profitfrom是固定搭配，意為“得益于，從……中得到益處，從……中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)”。10.interested句意：考查賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意：這一切使他對(duì)哲學(xué)史感興趣。interested形容詞“感興趣的”用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.—Itisveryhottoday.WouldyoumindifIswitchtheelectricfan?—Ofcoursenot.2.Alargepopulationintheworldhavenoaccessofcleandrinkingwater.3.Despitehiscry,noonecameforhisassistanceatall.4.Herproposalmetcontinualrejections.5.ItwasTomratherthanyouaswellasyourfriendsthatweretoblame.6.RatherthangoingthereI’dprefertostayhereonmyown.7.Hisparentdoesn’tapprovehimgoingabroad.8.Hesuggestedthatwemustkeepitup.9.Sheisveryparticularwithwhatshewears.switchswitchswitched答案：1.—Itisveryhottoday.WouldyoumindifItheelectricfan?—Ofcoursenot.ofto句意：——今天很熱，我把電風(fēng)扇打開你介意嗎？——當(dāng)然不會(huì)。由主句用了“wouldyoumind”可知ofto2.Alargepopulationintheworldhavenoaccesscleandrinkingwater.forto句意：全球有許多人無法用到干凈的飲用水。have/gain/getaccesstoforto3.Despitehiscry,noonecamehisassistanceatall.∧with句意：盡管他大喊大叫，但根本沒人來幫他。幫助某人：cometoone’∧with4.Herproposalmetcontinualrejections.werewas句意：她的建議遭到連續(xù)的拒絕。werewas5.ItwasTomratherthanyouaswellasyourfriendsthattoblame.goinggo句意：是Tom而不是你和你的朋友該負(fù)責(zé)任。本句itwas…that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是由ratherthan連接的主語。當(dāng)ratherthan用作連詞連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)采用就前原則，即本句的主語應(yīng)為goinggo6.RatherthanthereI’dprefertostayhereonmyown.句意：我寧愿呆在這兒也不愿去那兒。當(dāng)ratherthan用于句型prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.∧of時(shí)其后多接動(dòng)詞原形，尤其是ratherthan∧of7.Hisparentdoesn’tapprovehimgoingabroad.mustshould句意：他的父(母)親不贊同他去國外。approve用作“贊同、許可”講時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與介詞mustshould8.Hesuggestedthatwekeepitup.withabout句意：她建議我們繼續(xù)下去。suggest用作“建議”時(shí)從句應(yīng)用withabout9.Sheisveryparticularwhatshewears.beansweredbeansweredanswer10.Whenhisturncame,hefoundthequestiondifficultto.句意：輪到他時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)問題難以回答。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語且位于補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后時(shí)，不定式一般用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Ⅲ.閱讀理解Whileastronautsinspacegettodomanyexcitingthings,theymissoutonordinarythingsthatwealltakeforgranted—beingabletowalkonfirmground,hangingoutwithfamilyanddiggingintoasliceofsteaminghotpizza.Thoughnotmuchcanbedoneaboutthefirsttwothings,theremaysoonbeasolutiontothethirdone,thankstothiscool3-Dpizzaprinter!Aboutayearago,NASAoffered$125,000toAnjanContractor,a3-Dtechnologyexpert,tobuildadevice(設(shè)備)thatwouldallowastronautstomakepizzaondemand.Theengineerpromisedthathisinventionwouldproducepiesinlargequantitiesthatlooked,tastedandevensmelledlikepizzamadeincommonovens.Latelastyear,theengineerpresentedavideoofhisfirstprototype(原型)thatbeginsbycreatingasingleslicecfdough(面團(tuán))thatiscookedandprintedatthesametime.Thencomesthetomato“sauce”amixoftomatopowder,oilandwaterandfinally,aproteinslicethatislikecheese.Whilethevideodoesn’tshowthebakingprocess,theinventorsaysthatoncethepizzaisprinted,itcanbereadytobeconsumedin7seconds.Whilethepieinthevideolooksdeliciousenoughtoattractanypizzalover,AnjanContractorisfarfromreadyforastronauts.That’sbecausehestillhastofindasolutiontomakethefoodcontainerintheprinterlastfor30years.Thoughthatmaysoundunrealistic,actuallyitisnot.AnjanContractorbelievesthattheonlywaythatispossibleisthatthewaterisremovedfromalltheingredientsandthentheyarereducedtothepowderform.This,asyoucanimagine,willnotbesoeasy.But,whiletheprintermaynotbereadyforspace,itcertainlylooksreadyenoughforpeopleonearth.Hopefully,NASAandAnjanContractorwillconsidersellingittothosenotfortunateenoughtogotoMars！本文是一篇說明文。許多地球上很尋常的事情對(duì)于宇航員來說卻是無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的。多虧了3D打印機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，宇航員有望在地球以外的太空享用比薩。1.Whydoestheauthormentionthethingsthatastronautsinspacecannotdo?A.Toaskusnottotakecommonthingsforgranted.B.Toshowtheyliveadifficultlifethere.C.Toshowtheirlifeisboringinspace.D.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.2.NASAoffered$125,000toAnjanContractormainlyto.A.createsomenewtypeof3-DprinterB.attractmorecompaniestoworkforNASAC.helpastronautsinspaceenjoyfreshpizzaonedayD.producepizzainlargequantitiestoearngreatprofits3.ThebiggestchallengethatAnjanContractorisfacedwithnowisprobablythat.A.hehasnomoneylefttogoonwithhisresearchB.thepizzadoesn’tseemtastytopizzaloversC.hehasnowaytomakepizzathatcanlastforthirtyyearsD.hecannotmakethefoodcontainerlastforthirtyyears4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.NASAistryingitsbesttohelpastronautseatbetter.B.Astronautsmaysoonbeabletoenjoysteaminghotpizza.C.NASAisworkingonmakingpizzaforcommonpeople.D.A3-Dpizzaprinterhasbeenusedtomakepizza.答案：1.解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段的“theremaysoonbeasolutiontothethirdone，thankstothiscool3-Dpizzaprinter”可知，作者提到宇航員在太空中不能做的事情是為了引出本文的主題。故選D項(xiàng)。2.解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“tobuildadevice(設(shè)備)thatwouldallowastronautstomakepizzaondemand”可知，NASA給AnjanContractor這些資金是讓他利用這些資金去建造一種能夠根據(jù)宇航員的需求在太空制作比薩的設(shè)備。故選C項(xiàng)。3.解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“That’sbecausehestillhastofindasolutiontomakethefoodcontainerintheprinterlastfor30years”可知，他面臨的最大的挑戰(zhàn)是他還沒有找到能夠讓打印機(jī)里的食物儲(chǔ)存箱存放30年的方法。故選D項(xiàng)。4.解析：B考查主旨大意。第一段展現(xiàn)了本文的主旨大意。由于3D打印機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，烤比薩有望在地球以外的太空實(shí)現(xiàn)。下文則圍繞這個(gè)主題介紹了3D打印機(jī)的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程及存在的問題。故選B項(xiàng)。(2023·湖北華師一附中高二月考)Dealingwithpressurecanbecomplicatedinourlives.Everyonehasit,andattimesitcangetthebestofus.5Beingabletorecollectourselvescanhelpusmanageproblemsbetter.Focusonyourstrengthsandforgetyourweaknesses.Sometimeswhenyou’reconsumedinwhatyoucan’tdo,ittakesawayalotofyou.Everyonehasweaknesses,sojustforgetthem.6You’lldiscoveritbecomesaloteasierwhenyouusethisstrategy.Ithelpsdealwithyourproblemsmoreeffectively.Manageyourtimebetter.Don’tbecomesoconsumedintoyourproblems,otherwiseyou’regoingtofeeltrapped.Sometimesyouneedtotakeastepback,andlearntoletthingsplayoutaswell.Youdon’thavetodoeverythingconstantly.It’snothealthyactually.7Trytosimplifytheproblem.Lookathowyoucanbenefitfromthesituationathandbymakingthingseasier.Breakthingsintostepsandworkthroughtheproblemsslowly.Takeamethodical(有條理的)approachandviewthingsatallangles.Sometimesitmighttaketimetolettheanswerscometoyou.8Ifit’sapersonalproblem,thenputyourselfintheirpositionandimaginehowthey’dwantyoutoreact.Askforhelp.Youdon’thavetodealwiththingsallalone.Helpisagreatthingtohave.9Relyonotherswhenneededanditwillhelpyououtinmanydifferentsituations.Whetherthatisasuggestion,afavor,orjustahelpinghand.A.Twomindsarebetterthanoneanyway.B.Youneedbreakstoenjoythethingsinyourlife.C.Useyourstrengthsandapplythemtoyourdailylife.D.Sometimestheanswerscanbestaringyourightintheface.E.Thinkingofgoodthingsisasimplewaytoreduceyourstress.F.Itisimportantthatoneisawareofone’sstrengthsandweaknesses.G.Knowinghowtohandlepressurecanhelpusremovestressfromourlife.語篇導(dǎo)讀本文是篇說明文。文章簡要向讀者介紹了在生活中如何處理壓力。答案：5.解析：G分析文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空位于第一段，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文，下文講的是處理壓力的方法，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。6.解析：C根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞比對(duì)可知，此空從C項(xiàng)和F項(xiàng)中選。又根據(jù)此空下一句中的“usethisstrategy”可知，此空應(yīng)為某種策略，故選C項(xiàng)，意為“利用你的優(yōu)勢(shì)并將它們運(yùn)用到日常生活中”。7.解析：B此空前講沒有必要一刻不停地做事，這實(shí)際上不是一種健康的方式。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有B項(xiàng)與空前內(nèi)容有順承關(guān)系，意為“你需要休息來享受生活中的美好”。故選B項(xiàng)。8.解析：DD項(xiàng)中的Sometimes與空前一句中的Sometimes相呼應(yīng)，且D項(xiàng)與前一句并列說明了兩種相反的情況，語意連貫。9.解析：A本節(jié)主要講尋求幫助。此空后一句話講如果需要的話要依靠他人。故此空選A項(xiàng)，兩個(gè)人總比一個(gè)人強(qiáng)。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)excitingexcitedexcited(2023·山東萊蕪一中自主考試)Onthefirstda