SectionⅣGrammar&Writingit用法(Ⅱ)閱讀下列句子，并體會(huì)黑體部分的用法1．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.2．ItwasascientistcalledCharlesKeeling，whomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.3．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分(1)此結(jié)構(gòu)中it沒有詞匯意義，只是引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。(2)此強(qiáng)調(diào)句型只能強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語，不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞時(shí)用who/that，而被強(qiáng)調(diào)是其他時(shí)(事物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)只能用that。ItwasJohnwho/thatboughtanoldbikeyesterdayinamarketplace.是約翰昨天在市場上買了輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)ItwasanoldbikethatJohnboughtyesterdayinamarketplace.昨天約翰在市場上買的是輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)ItwasyesterdaythatJohnboughtanoldbikeinamarketplace.約翰是昨天在市場上買了輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)ItwasinamarketplacethatJohnboughtanoldbikeyesterday.昨天約翰是在市場上買了輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.正是因?yàn)樗疂q了，他們沒能過河。(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句)2．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句式和特殊疑問句式(1)一般疑問句式：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分？WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?他是二戰(zhàn)期間死亡的嗎？(2)特殊疑問句式：特殊疑問詞＋is/wasit＋that＋其他成分？Whyisitthatyouputoffthemeeting?你為什么推遲會(huì)議呢？Wherewasitthatyoulostyourcar?你是在哪兒丟的車？3．對not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”在這一固定句型中，由于not已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilteno'clock.→Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthathewenttobed.直到10點(diǎn)他才睡覺。Ididn'trealizeituntilIgotoffthebus.→ItwasnotuntilIgotoffthebusthatIrealizedit.直到下車之后我才意識(shí)到這事。4．使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)(1)若被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是主語，who/that之后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該在人稱和數(shù)上與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.是他經(jīng)常幫我學(xué)英語。Itistreesthatweplantonthehillsideeveryyear.我們每年都在山坡上種的是樹。(2)若被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是作主語的代詞，用主格；若是作賓語的代詞，則用賓格。Itwashethathelpedmeyesterday.昨天幫我的人是他。Itwasmethathehelpedyesterday.他昨天幫的人是我。(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只用兩種時(shí)態(tài)，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用Itwas...that/who...，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用Itis...that/who...。Itisyouwho/thataretoblame.是你該受到指責(zé)。[名師點(diǎn)津]強(qiáng)調(diào)句型最容易與定語從句、主語從句和狀語從句等混淆，區(qū)分它們的關(guān)鍵在于：如果把句子中的Itis/was和that/who去掉，剩下的部分還是一個(gè)完整的句子，并且句子意思依然完整，則此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；否則，應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析句子，判斷該句是何種從句。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itwasatmidnightshewaswokenupbyaphonecall.2．Itwasbecauseofthemostbeautifulvillageteacher—XiaoShan'sstrongdeterminationheformedthewomanfootballteaminthepoorarea.3．Itiseitherheoryouwhoinchargeoftheprojectandsupposedtofinishitpunctually.4．Hewassobusyyesterdaythatitwasnotuntillateatnighthefinishedhiswork.5．—IwonderitisthatmakesthevideoGangnamStylesopopular.—Theuniquedancemovesandfunnyhorseridingscenes.【答案】Ⅱ.完成句子1．我已經(jīng)二十年沒見他了。It'stwentyyearssince．2．昨天晚上直到11點(diǎn)鐘我父親才回來。Itwasthatmyfatherreturnedlastnight.3．你是在哪里找到你丟的書的？thatyoufoundyourlostbook?4．是這個(gè)小男孩打破了這位老太太的一扇窗戶。Itisthelittleboyawindowoftheoldlady.5．在早上五點(diǎn)鐘他就動(dòng)身了。Itthathesetoff.【答案】haveseenhimuntil11o'clockisitwhohasbrokenat5o'clockinthemorning如何寫英文海報(bào)海報(bào)是向大眾發(fā)布某種消息的布告。海報(bào)的形式多為招聘廣告、活動(dòng)宣傳和人物介紹。英文海報(bào)的內(nèi)容常為球訊、影訊、商業(yè)報(bào)道、展覽會(huì)、報(bào)告會(huì)、專題講座等。1．海報(bào)的結(jié)構(gòu)。海報(bào)一般由標(biāo)題、正文和落款三部分組成。(1)標(biāo)題。在第一行的正中間寫上“POSTER”字樣，接著在第二行即“POSTER”下面寫上活動(dòng)的具體名稱或活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容。如：Anexcitingfootballmatch(2)正文。在第三行空4個(gè)字母格寫正文，為一段。海報(bào)的正文要求寫清楚以下內(nèi)容：第一，活動(dòng)的目的和意義。第二，活動(dòng)的主要項(xiàng)目、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。第三，參加的具體方法及一些必要的注意事項(xiàng)等。(3)落款。要求寫上主辦單位的名稱及海報(bào)的發(fā)文日期。2．海報(bào)寫作的注意事項(xiàng)。(1)時(shí)態(tài)：用一般將來時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)語言：海報(bào)文字要求簡潔明了，篇幅要短小精悍，文中可以用些鼓動(dòng)性的詞語，但不可夸大其詞。(3)要求：海報(bào)一定要具體真實(shí)地寫明活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主要內(nèi)容、參加規(guī)定及主辦單位。[亮點(diǎn)句式]1．We'llhaveashow/footballmatchonJuly16th.2．Thereisapieceofnewsthatwe'llholda．..＋地點(diǎn)＋時(shí)間．3．Wehopetoraisemoneytohelpthepoorchildren...4．Itwillbeheld...Thematchwillbewonderful.5．Youcanbuyticketsin...andthepriceis2yuanforeach.6．Bythen，somenewclothesareeven50%youspendmorethan100yuanatonetime，youcangetapresent.7．Allarewarmlywelcome.8．Everyoneiswelcome.9．Catchthechance，oryouwillregret.10．Signupandhaveagoodtime.[寫作任務(wù)]請根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容寫一篇海報(bào)。全球變暖問題越來越引起人們的關(guān)注，它所產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果也逐漸為人所知。為此，你校學(xué)生會(huì)特意邀請了環(huán)保專家來校舉辦講座，專門就全球變暖問題產(chǎn)生的原因、后果，以及中學(xué)生如何應(yīng)對全球變暖問題等將進(jìn)行論述，并在演講結(jié)束后回答同學(xué)們的提問。時(shí)間：星期三8：00a．m.～11：00a．m.地點(diǎn)：大廳[審題謀篇]體裁海報(bào)話題環(huán)保講座時(shí)態(tài)一般將來時(shí)人稱第二人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．舉辦講座2．原因和影響3．導(dǎo)致4．處理，對付5．在……結(jié)尾【答案】alectureandeffectto/contributeto/resultinwith/dealwiththeendof...Ⅱ.句式1．TheStudents'UnionofourschoolwillorganizeaLectureonGlobalWarmingintheauditoriumonWednesday，December20，2023from8：00a．11：00a．m.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞)AlectureonGlobalWarmingbytheStudents'UnionofourschoolintheauditoriumonWednesday，December20，2023from8：00a．11：00a．m.2．Anexpertworkingfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.(用定語從句改寫句子)【答案】；will；be；givenexpertwhoworksfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】ALectureonGlobalWarmingorganizedbytheStudents'UnionofourschoolwillbegivenintheauditoriumonWednesday，December20，2023from8：00a．11：00a．expertworkingfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.Besides，hewilltellusmiddleschoolstudentswhatwecandowiththetheendofthespeech，wecanaskhimanyquestionconcerningglobalthestudentsinourschoolarewelcomedtoattendthislecture.Students'Union學(xué)業(yè)分層測評（十二）Ⅰ.完成句子1．是她建議他去北京深造。suggestedthathegotoBeijingforfurtherstudy.2．直到他開始在那家公司工作時(shí)，他才遇到他想娶的女孩。inthatcompanythathemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.3．我們都知道，不是我們讀了多少書，而是我們讀的內(nèi)容才是重要的。Asweallknow，itisnothowmuchwereadbutwhatweread．4．人們似乎已經(jīng)忘了到底是在多少年之前在那里建造了這些發(fā)電站。Peopleseemedtohaveforgottenthatthepowerstationswerebuiltthere.5．我們是在我們以前生活過的村子相識(shí)的。Itwasinthevillagewhichweusedtoliveineachother.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：33100042】【答案】wasshewho/thatwasnotuntilhebegantoworkisimportantmanyyearsagoitwaswegottoknowⅡ.閱讀理解Americanswon'tlivewithoutcars!Eachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcarsonroadsandstreets，asmillionsofnewcarsareofeverysixAmericansworkatputtingtogetherthepartsofcars，drivingtrucks，buildingroadsorfillingcarswithgas.MostAmericansfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldbewithouta，somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemofairpollutionbypollutedairispoisonousanddangeroustohealth.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistodesignanewcarthatdoesnot'swhatseverallargecarfactoriesaretryingtotobuildthenewcariseasiersaidthaninthisfieldhasbeenslow.Anotherwayistotakeplaceofthecarenginebysomethingarenowworkingonsomenewmakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopapracticalmodelthatpleasesman.Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars，we'llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofus，forexample，havetocutdownthenumberoftheircarstheyareencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbyabikeisthoughttohelpkeeptheairclean.Butthischangedoesnotcomelargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithnojobsifacarfactoryclosestheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment.1．Largecarfactoriesaretryingtobuildacleancar，．A．whichiscleanitselfB．whichisusedtocleanstreetsC．whichdoesnotpollutetheairD．whichiseasiertomake【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段提到“Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistodesignanewcarthatdoesnotpollute.”擺脫空氣污染的一個(gè)方法就是設(shè)計(jì)一種新型的無污染的汽車，故選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緾2．Ifthenumberofcarsiscutdown，themostseriousprobleminAmericanworkersis．A．tohavenoworktodoB．tokeeptheaircleanC．togetabetterlifeD．togotoworkbybike【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段提到“Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithnojobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.”如果汽車廠關(guān)門的話，許多的工人會(huì)失業(yè)，故選A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緼3．Whatistheconclusionofthewriter?A．Bicyclingistheonlywayout.B．Thenumberofcarsmustbecutdown.C．Carsbringusnothingbutseriousproblems.D．Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutseriousproblems.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到“MostAmericansfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldbewithoutacar.”美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有車生活會(huì)變得很困難，故可知汽車非常重要，再根據(jù)“However，somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemofairpollutionbycars.”提到可知汽車也帶來了很多的污染問題，故選D項(xiàng)。【答案】DⅢ.語法填空(2023·山西太原高二模擬)Sometimeago，SophiaandI1.(visit)somefriendsinthewerestayingatabeautifullittlecabin2.(surround)byfruittrees，flowersandevenafewabovethedoorwayinbrightlycoloredletterswerethewords.Yourmindisathoughtsaretheseeds，youcangrowflowersoryoucangrowweeds.Littledidweknowitatthetime，3.thislittlepoemwastohaveagreateffectonourthoughts.Itstartedalmostasakindofdecidedtomakearealefforttowatchourthoughtsandseeexactly4.itwasthatwewereplantinginourown“mindgarden”．Wecametoseehowsomanyoftheproblemsanddifficultiesinourliveshadtheirbeginningsintheseedsofdoubt，fearandanxiety，5.wewerecontinuallyplantinginourminds.Aswebecamemoreandmoreawareofthesenegativethoughts，wesaid，“No，Iwon'tplanttheweedinthegardenofmywillchoosetoplantsomething6.(good)．Itisnecessarytopulloutandthrowawaythoseseedsoffear，doubtandanxietyassoonastheyyoustarttoplantsomethinginyourown“mindgarden”，youwill7.(true)beamazedatthechanges，whichbegintohappeninyourlife.Love，happinessandtranquility(寧靜)canspread8.peoplewhokeep9.(plant)theseseedsinthegardensoftheirmindsarealsoplantingthemin10.(other)．Remember:Yourmindisathoughtsaretheseeds，youcangrowflowersoryoucangrowweeds.1．【解析】由前文Sometimeago可知用一般過去時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縱isited2.【解析】abeautifullittlecabin與surround為被動(dòng)關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮縮urrounded3.【解析】前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮縝ut4.【解析】what引導(dǎo)表語從句，且在從句中作was的表語。【答案】what5．【解析】which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面內(nèi)容?！敬鸢浮縲hich6．【解析】意思指“比前面更好”?！敬鸢浮縝etter7．【解析】副詞修飾動(dòng)詞?！敬鸢浮縯ruly8．【解析】among“在……之間”?！敬鸢浮縜mong9．【解析】keepdoing“持續(xù)干某事”?！敬鸢浮縫lanting10．【解析】其他人的心中，相當(dāng)于thegardensofothers'minds。【答案】others'Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenaconsumerfindsthatsomethingheorsheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptowhattheproducersaysforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty(保單)，oranyotherrecordsthatmighthelp,atthestoreofbuying.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the“higherup”theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavour,takingitastruethatheorshehasajustright.Consumersshouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofbuying,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercanshowclearlywhatiswrongwithwhatwasboughtinquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample，“Thel