動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一、時(shí)態(tài)的數(shù)軸的思維導(dǎo)圖考點(diǎn)一、現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)含義1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.在時(shí)間狀語從句(assoonas,when,before,after,not....until....等)、條件狀語從句(if,unless,aslongas...)中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Aslongasitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhaveatriponschedule.常用的時(shí)間狀語1）頻率副詞：often,usually,sometimes,always,seldom,hardly,never2）短語：every(day等),once/twicea(week等),on(Sunday等),inthe(morning等)，at(eight)，nowandthen，fromtimetotimeHeusuallygoestoschoolbybike.謂語動(dòng)詞形式：do/does謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/is/aredoneInthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheU.S,the“r”soundsattheendofthewordsaredropped.練習(xí)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_______(have)astronginfluenceonthedevelopmentofthechildren'scharacters.Ifyourcallisnotansweredwithintwominutes,you_______(advise)tohangupanddialagain.Wewillbelosingmoneythisyearunlessthatneweconomicplanofyours_________(work)miracle.It___________(turn)outthatmakingaplaniseasierthancarryingitout.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,__________(allow)morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.定義1）表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為;2）表示現(xiàn)階段（近段時(shí)間）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間詞1)以Look！或Listen！開頭的句子Look！Thechildrenareplayinggamesoverthere.Listen！Who'ssingingintheclassroom？當(dāng)句子中有now（現(xiàn)在），atthemoment（此時(shí)此刻）,atthismoment（此時(shí)此刻）時(shí)常表示說話時(shí)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行WearereadingEnglishnow.Differentpeoplearedoingdifferentthingsatthemomentintheworld.3）當(dāng)表明現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)，某人正在做什么。It’s4:50.Wearehavingclass.謂語動(dòng)詞形式：am/is/aredoing謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/is/arebeingdone練習(xí)：Becauseofclimatechange,theicethatpolarbearsdependonforsurvival_______(disappear)slowly.Anewbridge_____________(build)overtheQiantangRiveratthemoment.Thepricesofhouses_______(rise)becausethedemandofthembecomemoreandmoregreat.Ifacomputercrashes,youwilllosethefileyou_______(work)unlessyousaveitregularly.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含義表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，而且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.China’shigh-speedrailwayshavegrownfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.2)表示從過去某時(shí)開始而延續(xù)至今(可能還要延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.--Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?--Sorry,Ihaven'tplayedthepianoforyears.常用時(shí)間狀語副詞：already,not....yet,just,ever,never,recently，before=1\*GB3①just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后，表示“剛剛”Thetwoastronautshavejustreturnedfromthespacestation.②never表示否定,放在have/has后，表示“從未”HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.③ever用于疑問句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”，句型為:Have/Has＋主語＋ever＋過去分詞？“…曾經(jīng)……過嗎？”用于詢問某人過去的經(jīng)歷。Haveyoueverbeentothefarm？④before用于句末，表示“以前”Thewomanhasneverheardofthatbefore.⑤yet用于否定句或疑問句句末，表示“仍，還”，not...yet表示“仍未，還未”.—Hasthetrainarrivedyet?—No,notyet.⑥already用于肯定句,have/has之后或句末，表示“已經(jīng)”.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.Thetrainhasleftalready.⑦sofar用于句首或句末，表示“到目前為止，迄今為止”.Sofar,wehavevisitedthemoon.短語：uptonow,for/over+時(shí)間段，inthelast/past/recent+時(shí)間段,thesedays,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),since+時(shí)間段+ago，主句（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）+since+從句（一般過去時(shí)）Wehavelearnt500wordsthesedays.Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.3)固定句型=1\*GB3①Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since....自從...以來已經(jīng)...Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.=2\*GB3②It/That/Thisisthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat從句（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.謂語動(dòng)詞：have/hasdone謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have/hasbeendoneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.ThesamestudieshavebeendoneinAsia.練習(xí)Duringthe60yearssincethefoundingoftheNewChina,we_______(go)throughmillionsofupsanddowns.ABritishresearchstudyshowsthat,globally,people'swalkingspeeds_______(increase)by10percentoverthelastdecade.Sofar,theShanghaiWorldExpo__________(prove)tobeagreatsuccessaspeopleexpected.IwonderwhyJenny_______(write)tousrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.ItisthefirsttimethattheSpanishplayerRafaelNadal____________(win)theU.S.OpenTennisChampionship.Uptonow,theHopeProject_______(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)含義表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)下去，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。I'mtiredout.IhavebeenshoppingalltheafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.--Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?--ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.謂語動(dòng)詞：have/hasbeendoing練習(xí)Theworldgoldprice_______(rise)forthelastfiveyears,whichisnowover1000dollarsperounce.ForfortyyearsJaneGoodall_______(help)therestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.考點(diǎn)二、過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)定義1）表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2）有時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Helefthomeathalfpastfiveyesterday.他昨天五點(diǎn)離開家的。LiMingalwayswenttoworkbybikeinthepast.過去李明總是騎自行車去上班。LinTaoleftforShanghaiat8:00yesterdaymorning.林濤昨天早上八點(diǎn)去上海了。Hewasilllastnight.昨晚他生病了。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞1.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday.2.lastweek/year/month/term…(簡稱last系列，last：上一個(gè))3.twohoursago,threeyearsago,amomentago…(簡稱ago系列，ago:...之前)4.in/on+過去的年/月/日，如in1999,inApril,20055.justnow（剛才）,onceuponatime（從前）,longlongago,oneday…6.inthepast過去3.謂語動(dòng)詞：did4.謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/weredone練習(xí)ChinesePremierWenJiabao_______(arrive)atCopenhagen,capitalofDenmark,onDec.16,2009Wednesdayevening,fortheongoingUNClimateChangeConference.EveryonewhosawStarWarssaidthatit_______(be)oneofthebestsciencefictionmoviesthathadeverbeenreleased.Theboy__________(catch)smokingacigartte.—I'mtoldthatyouareleavingforBeijing.—Who_______(say)so?過去進(jìn)行時(shí)含義：在過去某一具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語atthattime(在那時(shí))，atthistimeyesterday(在昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候)at6amyesterday（昨天上午6點(diǎn)），from6amto9pmlastSunday(上周日從上午6點(diǎn)到晚上9點(diǎn))“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+when+一般過去時(shí)”的句子（當(dāng)…時(shí)）等?！癢hen+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”HewaswatchingTVatthattime.WhenIgothome,mymotherwascooking.MyparentsweremakingdumplingswhenIgothomeyesterdayevening.—IsawMr.Smithintheofficeattenyesterdaymorning.—Thatisimpossible.HewashavinganEnglishpartywithusthen.謂語動(dòng)詞：was/weredoing謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/werebeingdoneWhliethiswasbeingdone,thetwobucketswereleftstandingtogethernearthewell.練習(xí)—What'sthematter,Sara?Youwearasadlookonyourface.—Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,Ijust_______(think)ofmyfriendsbackhome.IcalledAlicemanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn'tgetthrough.Herbrother_______(talk)onthephoneallthetime!Unfortunately,whenIgotthereshejust_______(leave),soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.Thisbridge_____________(build)atthistimelastyear.WhenBillGatesdecidedtostopschoolingandcreatedMicrosoftin1975,he_______(study)lawatHarvardUniversity.過去完成時(shí)含義表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過去的過去ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.常用時(shí)間狀語by+過去的時(shí)間/bythen固定句型：It/This/Thatwasthe+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句（過去完成時(shí)）Thiswasthefirsttimethattheyhadevermet.hardly...when和nosooner...than....這兩個(gè)句型中，主句均用過去完成時(shí)Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenthematchstarted.Ihadhardlyansweredtheteacherwhenheinterruptedme.謂語動(dòng)詞：haddone謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：hadbeendoneTheroomhadbeencleanedwhenIcamein.練習(xí)Mygrandfatherwasafraidofleavingtheonlyhomethey_______(know)forthepast60years.Wifehardly_______(prepare)abigdinnerwhenHusbandwasawareoftheireighthweddinganniversarythatday.Ourmonitor,whobythen_______(gain)admissiontoFudanUniversity,decidedtodosomepart-timejobstogainmorepracticalexperience.Accordingtoahousingresearchorganization,thehousepriceinChina__________(rise)toitshighpointbytheendoflastyear.Bytheendoflastmonth,allthework_____________(do).過去將來時(shí)含義立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.Shesaidshewasgoingtostartoffatonce.謂語動(dòng)詞：woulddo或者was/weregoingtodo謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：wouldbedone和was/weregoingtobedoneItwassaidthattheywouldbeselectedbylottery.Theyannouncedthattheflightwouldbedelayed.練習(xí)USsecretaryHilaryClintonsaidrecentlythatshe__________(retire)soontoenjoyprivatelife.Hesaidhe___________(wait)forusatthestation.考點(diǎn)三、將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)定義將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞tomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuturenext......系列（下一個(gè)...）:nexthour,nextday,nextweek,nextyear,nextterm,nexttimein+時(shí)間段（...之后）：in10years,intwodays,intwentyminutessoon（不久，立刻）謂語動(dòng)詞：willdo或者am/is/aregoingtodo或者am/is/areabouttodo謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：willbedone或者am/is/arefoingtobedoneHisnamewillbewrittendowninhistory.Ifwedon’tkeepbringingthistotheattentionofthepeople,nothingwillbedone.有些瞬間動(dòng)詞，如：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等,可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示短暫的將來。如：—Tom,dinnerisready.—I'mcoming,Mum.Theplaneisarriving.Iamleaving.練習(xí)I'msurethatyourletter_______(get)immediateattention.Theyknowyou'rewaitingforthereply.Thebridge___________(build)nextyear.StandingonthetopoftheOrientalPearlTower,you_______(have)agoodbird's-eyeviewofShanghaicity.Afterthistime,tests_____________(do)everyfiveyears.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)含義將來某一具體時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeattendingaclassatthattime.謂語動(dòng)詞：willbedoing總結(jié)1主動(dòng)語態(tài)：）（do為例）時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在(1)do(5)bedoing(9)havedone(13)havebeendoing過去(2)did(6)bedoing(10)haddone(14)hadbeendoing將來(3)willdo(7)willbedoing(11)willhavedone(15)willhavebeendoing過去將來(4)woulddo(8)wouldbedoing(12)wouldhavedone(16)wouldhavebeendoing2被動(dòng)語態(tài)高考真題一、單句語法填空1.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat______(be)previouslyunprotected,2.Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.3.Henry__________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.4.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly__________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.5.Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.6.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___________(address)theopeningceremony.7.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane_____（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.8.ButCobbandothers________（be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and________（change）theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.9.OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists__________（promise）toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.10.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit________（be）forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.11.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto___________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.12.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).13.We____________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.14.Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,_________（prove）irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.15.Mary'sniecewrote,"Thelittlehome_________（paint）white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.16.AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand_______（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.17.Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25(consider)healthy.18.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.19.Asit________(connect)things，yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．20.There__________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causinglargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.21.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.22.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_______(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon_________(construct)”.23.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers______(carry)specialsignificance.24.Theartistwassurehewould___________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.25.Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand___________(point)downtheriver.26.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,______(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.27.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic______(call)galleriesorrooms.28.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection______(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.29.OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood(play)abigroleinhislife.30.