動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，稱為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句子中可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。.作主語(yǔ)例如：Tobeadoctorishard.做醫(yī)生很難。TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it”作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)一一動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：Itishardtobeadoctor.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.再如：It,simportanttoplanttreesinspring.如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前面加一個(gè)由介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：It,sgoodforustoreadEnglishaloudinthemorning.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)每天早晨大聲讀英語(yǔ)是很有益的。ItisimportantforstudentstouseEnglisheveryday.對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)每天使用英語(yǔ)是很重要的。總結(jié)：itis+adjforsbtodosth..作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)常用于系詞be的后面。例:Hisworkistodriveacar.他的工作是開車。Myjobistofeedanimals.我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。Herambitionistobeadoctor.她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。.作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）可以放在一些動(dòng)詞后面用作賓語(yǔ)，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：begin,start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。例：下面的動(dòng)詞只能加不定式作賓語(yǔ)：下面的動(dòng)詞只能加不定式作賓語(yǔ)：.agreetodosth2.arrangetodosth同意做某事 安排做某事5.misetodosth應(yīng)該做某事 承諾做某事3.decidetodosth4.hopetodosth決定做某事 希望做某事7.refusetodosth8.seemtodosth拒絕做某事 好像做某事9.wanttodosth10.plantodosth11.pretendtodosth12.wishtodosth想要做某事 計(jì)劃做某事 假裝做某事 希望做某事12.preparetodosth13.appeartodostn14.disagreetodosth準(zhǔn)備做某事 好像做某事 不同意做某事Iwanttotellyouastory.我想給你講個(gè)故事。Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.他們每天早晨8點(diǎn)開始工作。Don,tforgettolockthedoor.別忘了鎖門。Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？*如果and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式一般省“to”例：（1）Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus.他想和我們一起去游泳。（2）若作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）很長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.我覺得和你一起學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有趣。Hefoundithardtocatchupwithothers.他覺得趕上別人很困難。四.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)下面的動(dòng)詞只能加不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：1.electsbtodosth2.allowsbtodosth3.tellsbtodosth4.asksbtodosth選舉某人做某事 允許某人做某事 告訴某人做某事 問某人做某事例如：TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.老師讓我們?cè)绯孔x半小時(shí)英語(yǔ)。TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲。Pleaseletmehelpyou.讓我來(lái)幫助你。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官聽覺動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：.不可以省to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teachsb.todosth.例：Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.Iwantyoutogonow.我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。.省“to”的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：四看'：lookat,observe,see,watch三讓：have,let,make二聽：hear,listento 一"感覺'：feel 一“注意'：notice例如：Let/make/havesb.dosth.Lettheboygooutnow.讓那個(gè)男孩出去。Theboymadethebabycry.男孩弄哭了這個(gè)小孩。see/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.昨天我看見學(xué)生們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)打籃球。Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。.可省可不省的：helpsb.（to）dosth.Ioftenhelpmymother（to）dohousework.我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。*動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例：（1）Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。（2）省to的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not.例：Lettheboynotgo.讓那個(gè)男孩別走。（3）如果將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式則不省“to”即原來(lái)省的再加上，例：Theboymadethebabycry.Thebabywasmadetocrybytheboy.那個(gè)孩子被男孩弄哭了。五.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語(yǔ)。例：Whowasthefirstonetoarrive?誰(shuí)第一個(gè)到的？Shehasnopapertowriteon?（介詞一定不能省略）。她沒有紙寫字？ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.學(xué)英語(yǔ)最好的方法是使用它。Whenisthebesttimetoplantvegetables?什么時(shí)候是種植蔬菜的最好時(shí)間？Doyouhavesomethingtodrink?你這有喝的嗎？*動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后應(yīng)加上一個(gè)含義上所需要的介詞。例：Ihavenochairtositon.我沒有椅子坐。Hehasnohousetolivein.他沒有房子住。

.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)常用在go,come,hurry等不及物動(dòng)詞后，表目的。Hewenttoseehissisteryesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。Theygotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.他們?cè)缙鹑ペs早班車。有時(shí)可以把不定式（短語(yǔ)）提前，放于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。例：ToearlyEnglishquicklyandwell,hewenttoEngland.為了更快更好地學(xué)英語(yǔ)，他去了英國(guó)。.不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例：Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.（表語(yǔ)）Nooneknowshowtodoit.沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）Ireallydon,tknowwhichonetochoose.（賓）我真的不知道選哪一個(gè)。Whenandwheretohavethepartyisnotknown.（主語(yǔ)）何時(shí)何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。*不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)可以改為賓語(yǔ)從句。例：Idon,tknowwhattodonext.我不知下一步該做什么？Idon,tknowwhatIshoulddonext.下面的動(dòng)詞既可以加不定式也可以加動(dòng)名詞:你知道一下幾個(gè)詞組的漢語(yǔ)意思嗎?1.liketodosth2.forgettodosthdoingsth doingsth喜歡做某事 忘記做某事1.liketodosth2.forgettodosthdoingsth doingsth喜歡做某事 忘記做某事下面的動(dòng)詞只能加動(dòng)名詞：3.stoptodosth4.remembertodosthdoingsth doingsth喜愛做某事 討厭做某事1.suggestdoingsth2.practisedoingsth建議做某事 練習(xí)做某事1.suggestdoingsth2.practisedoingsth建議做某事 練習(xí)做某事3.enjoydoingsth4.finishdoingsth喜愛做某事 完成做某事【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：30分鐘）一.選擇填空：Heaskedmehereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.came2.Pleasetellhimonthewall.2.Pleasetellhimonthewall.A.don,tdrawB.tonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdrawHewantedacupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.hadI,dlikeawordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.haveIcameheremyuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseenThemanrefused（拒絕）backhiswords.A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.takesIcanletyouoneticket.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.hadWeoftenheardhiminhisroom.A.tosingB.singsC.sangD.singHewasmadedayandnight.A.workB.working C.toworkD.workedHestoppedalook,butsawnothing.A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.hadMyfatherwastooangryaword.A.tosayB.nottosayC.tosayingD.didn,tsayMybrotherwasoldenoughtoschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togoItistimehimsupper.A.of,tohaveB.for,tohaveC.of,havingD.for,tohasIt,sverykindyoume.A.of,tohelpB.for,tohelpC.of,helpD.of,helpingIt,simportantourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeepC.togiveD.keepBeforeliberation（解放）theyhadnochancetoschool.A.wentB.goC.togoD.tobegoneHesaidhehadanimportantmeeting.A.AttendB.wouldattendC.attendingD.toattendPleasegivemeapieceofpaper.A.towriteB.towriteonC.writingD.towriteit19.Idon,tknow.A.whatdoB.whatwilldoC.whattodoD.dowhatYourradioneeds.A.toberepairedB.torepairC.repairedD.torepairingMywishisateacher.A.becomingB.tobecomeC.becomeD.becameIwanthimaletternow.A.towriteB.notwriteC.writeD.wroteIttookusthreedaysthetrees.A.plantB.plantedC.toplantD.plantsWhynothereme?A.tocome,toseeB.come,toseeC.came,seeingD.come,seeHewishesmemybesthardatEnglish.A.todo,toworkB.doing,workingC.todo,workingD.do,workPleasetellmeher.Ihavesomethingher.A.wheretofind,telling B.wheretofind,totellC.wherecanfind,totell D.wherefinding,tellingHowhappytheyareeachotheragain!A.toseeB.seeC.sawD.beingseenTheydecided（決心）alettertheirthanks.towrite,expressing（表達(dá)）writing,expresswrite,expressedtowrite,toexpressTheofficerordered（命令）himdownarest.A.lying,haveB.tolie,tohaveC.tolie,havingD.lie,hadTheheadmastercalledon（號(hào)召）ushardforourcountry.A.toworkB.workedC.workD.toworking二.根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。Hewassoangrythathecouldn,tsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idon,tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon,tknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石頭）Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.

Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.Theygotupearly thereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.0.Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom..Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday..Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?.Wedon,tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon,tknowwhatnext.14.I,mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.I,mverysorrythebadnews.15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.16.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.IhelpedhimEnglish..Myfatherpromised(許諾)thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike..TheboxissoheavythatIcan,tcarryit.Theboxistooheavyme..“Liedown!”theboysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown..“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmeanynoise.【試題答案】1.B7.B13.B19.C25.A2.C8.D1.B7.B13.B19.C25.A2.C8.D14.A20.A26.B3.A 4.C 5.B6.A9.C 10.B11.A12.DB21.B27.AC22.A28.DD23.CBB24.BA1.tosay2.tohave3.towrite4.for,to,read5.enough,tolift6.tospend7.in,order,to,gettobuy9.tovisit10.togo11.towork12.tosaytodo14.tohear15.tohave16.tolearn(study)tobuy18.for,tocarry19.tolie20.not,tomake外研版初二英語(yǔ)（上）Module9動(dòng)詞不定式練習(xí)題I單項(xiàng)選擇(45%).Wouldyoupleasetellmenext?A.howtodoB.whattodoC.whatdoIdoD.howIshoulddo.Thegirlwasn'ttoliftthatbookcase.A.toostrongB.enoughstrongC.strongenoughD.sostrong.Foratimehisgrandmotherfoundaccepthisnewidea.A. hard B. ithard C.ithardtoD.it ishardto.Asshehasneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeonehertheway.A. show B. toshow C.showingD. showed.Youdriveslowly.Theroadsarewet.A.hadratherB.wouldratherC.hadbetterD.wouldbetter.Nothingcanmakethebravesoldierhiscountry.A.turnagainstB.toturnagainstC.toturntoD.turntontheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorajob.A.findB.tofindC.lookD.tolookfor8.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,tryourbestthespiritofit.A.masterB.holdC.takeholdofD.tomastertwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.A.forhimtoleaveB.ofhimtoleaveC.forhimleaveD.himtoleave.Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.willputback.Napoleonspokesoloudlyastoinfrontofhissoldiers.A.hearB.beheardC.listenD.belistenedto12.Televisionandradiotoknowwhatisgoingonallovertheworld.madeitpossibleofushavemadeuspossiblehavemadeitpossibleforushavemadeitbepossibleforushaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry.A.forleavingB.toleaveC.ifleavingD.tohaveleftdon'tseehowIcouldpossiblemanagetheworkwithout.tofinish；helpingtofinish；beinghelpedfinishing；helpingfinishing；beinghelped15.Weallthinkitmostfoolishthismistake.A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake16.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill agoodplacewhichtobelivedinagoodplacetoliveagoodplacetoliveinagoodplacetolivefor17.—Youwerelostonyourwaytothelake,weren'tyou?—Yes,wewereandhadtostoptheway.A.askingB.toask C.askedD.tobeasked18.Shefeltitagreatshamesoseverelyinthepresenceofherboyfriend.A.tocriticizeB.tohavecriticizedC.tobecriticizedD.tohavebeencriticized19.Theadvertisementsaretryingpeopletobuythingstheydon,treallyneed.A.persuade B.persuadingC.bepersuading D.topersuade20.Ifyouweremuchyounger,Iwouldarrangeasthegeneralmanager,forallyourcolleaguesspeakhighlyofyourwork.

A.foryoutowork B.ofyoutoworkC.foryouwork D.youwork21.Onourwaybackhome,welunchbecausewefelthungry.A.stoppedtohave B.stoptohaveC.stoppedhaving D.stopedtohave2.IdidnothingbutmylessonslastSunday.A.gooverB.togooverC.wentoverD.goon23.I'dpreferA.tostay;totakeC.tostay;take24.Hewassofollish.B.stay;totakeD.stay;takehiscarunlocked.A.toleave23.I'dpreferA.tostay;totakeC.tostay;take24.Hewassofollish.B.stay;totakeD.stay;takehiscarunlocked.A.toleaveB.thatleaveC.astoleaveD.forhimtoleave.Yourflatneeds.Doyouwantmeitforyou?A.toclean;todoB.cleaning;doingC.cleaning;todoD.tobecleaned;doing.Whatthescientistsaidgreatlyencouragedustheexperimentagain,buthissecretary,swordsdiscouragedustheexperimentanymore.A.totry;todo B.totry;fromdoingC.fortrying;fromdoingD.trying;todo.waterbeforebreakfastseemedtothemarulenever .A.Toget;breaksB.Toget;tobreakC.Getting;breaksD.Get;tobreak.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodafteroperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating."Doyouhaveanyclothestoday,Sir?"askedthemaidpolitely.A.wash B.tobewashedC.towashD.tobewashing.Mr.Greenhasneversmokedanymoresincehiswifehim.A.suggested;togiveitup10B.persuaded;togiveupitC.advised;togiveitupD.persuaded;togiveitupII.把下列的定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句改為不定式短語(yǔ)(15%)l.Therearestillalotofdifficultieswehavetoovercome..Beforethemachinesleavethefactory,thereisaseriesofteststhatmustbepassed..AttheendofthespeechheexpressedthedesirethatheshouldcomeandworkinChinasomeday..Theysignedanagreementthattheyshouldexpandthetradebetweenthetwocountries..Thecommandergaveordersthatweshouldcrosstheriver.III.把下列的狀語(yǔ)從句改為不定式短語(yǔ)(15/%)1.Shewasexcitedwhensheheardthenews.'mgladIhaveseenyourmother.Themotherwaspleasedwhenshesawher