教學課件

英語八年級上冊滬教牛津版Module3CultureandhistoryUnit6AncientStoriesPeriod41.Tolearnthepresentperfecttensewithsince

andfor2.Tolearnthedifferencesbetween

thepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttenseobjectivesThepresentperfecttensewithsinceandfor1.Theyhavetriedtocaptureourcityfor

tenyears.2.Ihaven’tlaughedlikethissincemychildhood.3.I’ve

beenbusy

sinceIcameback.4.Ithasbeenraining

sincemorning.5.Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.6.Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.HaveALkThey________tocaptureourcity____tenyears.2.I______________likethis_____mychildhood.3.I________________

Icameback.4.It___________________morning.5.We___________eachother____twentyyears.6.I____________her____alongtime.havetriedforhaven’tlaughedsince’ve

beenbusysincehasbeenraining

sincehaveknownforhaven’tseenforgoReady?1.I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept2.TheGreens_____manyplacesofinterest

sincetheycametoChina.A.willvisitB.visitedC.havevisitedD.visit以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結(jié)和練習對本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習的考察情況進一步選擇講解該語法項的重難點。

當用現(xiàn)在完成時談?wù)撘恢背掷m(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況時，常與“for+一段時間”或“since+過去某個時間點”的時間狀語連用?！癴or+一段時間”意為“(到現(xiàn)在為止)……時間”，如foralongtime,for10years等等?！皊ince+過去某個時間點”意為“自……以來”，如sinceAugust2003,sinceyesterday,sincetwoo’clock等。一、現(xiàn)在完成時和“for+一段時間”連用時，要注意以下幾點：瞬間動詞不能與“for+一段時間”連用表示動作的連續(xù)性，應(yīng)改用持續(xù)性動詞。如：Hehasleftforfiveminutes.()Hehasbeenawayforfiveminutes.()瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與“for+一段時間”連用，說明某個動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)已持續(xù)了一段時間。如：Ihaven’tmethimforyears.瞬間動詞表示短暫的動作，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等；而持續(xù)性動詞表示能持續(xù)一段時間的動作，如work，stay，leave，live，learn等。瞬間動詞&持續(xù)性動詞二、現(xiàn)在完成時和“since+過去某個時間點”連用時，要注意以下幾點：持續(xù)性動詞與“since+過去某個時間點”連用表示持續(xù)的動作和狀態(tài)。瞬間動詞的否定形式與“since+過去某個時間點”連用表示某動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時間。如：Ihavewaitedhereforyousince2o’clock.Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMarch.since后除了可跟表示過去某個時間點的名詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成時間狀語外，也可引導時間狀語從句，且從句中的謂語動詞通常用一般過去時。如：Helenhasnotbeenbacktoherprimaryschoolsincesheleft.注意：for和since不能同時使用。如：AlicehaslivedinBeijingfortwentyyearssince1993.1.少數(shù)瞬間動詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換為其相應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動詞，如：

borrow→have/haskept，

buy→have/hashad2.有些瞬間動詞可以用相應(yīng)的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或名詞與be的現(xiàn)在完成時連用，表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，如：瞬間動詞與持續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為表持續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的短語后即可在現(xiàn)在完成時中與表示一段時間的狀語連用。arrivein/at→have/hasbeenin/at,join→have/hasbeenin或

have/hasbeenamemberof,die→have/hasbeendead,leave→have/hasbeenaway,begin/start→have/hasbeenon,end/finish→have/hasbeenoverHansisfromHamburginGermany.HeistalkingtoDoris.Readtheirconversationandanswerthequestions.(P87)1.WheredoesHanslive?

He____in__________.2.HowlonghasHanslivedinHamburg?

He________there__________.3.HowlonghasDorislivedinShanghai?

She_______there____________.4.WherewasDorisborn?

She_____________________.A1livesHamburghaslivedsince1996haslivedfor14yearswasborninShanghaiDorisistalkingaboutherself.ReadwhatshesaysandthendecidewhetherthefollowingsentencesareT(True)orF(False).Correctanyfalseones.(P88)1.DorishaslivedinShanghaiforfouryears.2.ShehasstudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolsinceSeptember2010.3.ShehasbeenintheScienceClubsince

November2011.4.ShehasbeenintheVolleyballClubfortwomonths.A2fourteen2011

一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。簡言之，如果同時考慮過去和現(xiàn)在，就用現(xiàn)在完成時。如果不考慮現(xiàn)在，就不用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時nowpastfuture現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時Shehasjusthadherlunch.她剛吃過午飯。(表示她現(xiàn)在不餓。)Shehadherlunchtwohoursago.她兩小時前吃了午飯。(僅說明事實，不知道她現(xiàn)在餓不餓。)現(xiàn)在完成時通常不與表示過去時間的詞語連用。如yesterday,lastweek,then,threeyearsago,in1980等。如：IhavevisitedtheBundinShanghaiyesterday/lastweek/threeyearsago/in1980.()如果與表示“到現(xiàn)在為止的某個/任意時間”的詞語連用，如ever,before,never,yet,recently,already,lately等，通常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：Ihave

never

seenthatfilm.Ihavereadthebookrecently.如果考慮的是“到現(xiàn)在為止”的一段時間，通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時。如果考慮的是一個已經(jīng)過去的時間，就用一般過去時。如：Youhavehelpedmealot.你已經(jīng)幫了我很多忙了。(到目前為止)Mygrandmothertookgoodcareofme.我奶奶曾悉心地照顧我。

(在她活著的時候。)havegoneleftcamehavetriedhavewonhaveleftdidn’ttakeReadthefollowingconversationbetweenthecaptainandasoldierfromthestory“TheTrojanhorse”.Completeitwiththecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.(P89)B1wentopenedboughtneverbeenhavevisitedhaveseenhavereadboughtCompletethediarybelowwiththecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.(P89)B2Review含有since或for引導的時間狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時在含義和用法上的區(qū)別。1.I___________(work)intheschoolsinceI______(move)herein2006.2.TheSmiths_____(go)toShanghaiin2008.They_________(be)theresincethen.3.Shenzhen____(be)asmalltowninthepast,butnowit__________(become)alargemoderncity.4.I____already_______(write)thearticle.I_______(finish)ityesterday.5.—I___(see)thefilmSoYoungyesterday.—Didyou?I____________(notsee)ityet.I.用所給單詞的適當形式填空。haveworkedmovedwenthavebeenwashasbecomehavewrittenfinishedsawhaven’tseen1.—_____youever_____America?—Yes,Ihave.

A.Have…gonetoB.Have…gonein

C.Have…beento

D.Have…beenin

2.Mybrother____collegeforoverthreeyears.

A.hasgoneto

B.hasbeento

C.hasbeenin

D.hasbeenatII.單項選擇。3.—____you_____thetextyet?—Yes,we____ittwohoursago.

A.Did…copy…did

B.Have…copied…h(huán)aveC.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…h(huán)ad

4.“Why______she_______angry?”“Becausehe_____atherjustnow.”

A.did…get…shouted

B.has…got…shouted

C.did…get…h(huán)asshouted