中考復習方案英語分冊clockclotheseggricebiketreesandflowersschoolwomanteacher專題--名詞第一章名詞一、中考考查重點可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞的單數(shù)與復數(shù)名詞所有格單位詞名詞作定語e.g

adropofwater考點揭密1.掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞；2.掌握名詞復數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法及用法；

3.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運用，如：family,home,house,work,job等.4.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表語、賓語、復合賓語、定語、狀語和同位語的用法；5.主謂一致的用法。

概念1.表示一類人或事物個體的名詞叫個體名詞：book，eraser，house，chair，student，waiter２．表示由若干個個體組合成的集合體的名詞稱為集體名詞:class，family，group，team３．物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個體的實物的名詞:milk，water，coffee，tea４．抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)＼品質(zhì)＼感情等抽象概念的名詞:happiness，love，knowledge，information，advice名詞專有名詞:theGreatWall,Janpanese,America,BeijingUniversity,Tuesday,March,Amy普通名詞

可數(shù)名詞個體名詞：banana,worker,notebook,desk,city,book,umbrella集體名詞：class,family,group,team,people,police不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：water,wood,metal,silk,steelmilk,meat抽象名詞：information,pleasure,noise,room,love,knowledge,advice,money可數(shù)名詞

單數(shù)名詞:a+（形容詞）+單數(shù)單數(shù)

單數(shù)名詞：an+（形容詞）+單數(shù)復數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式詞不規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式treehouseexercisestudentparkmaptrees

houses

exercises

students

parks

maps

busboxbrushwatchdishstomachbuses

boxes

brushes

watches

dishes

1.一般情況在詞尾直接加s2.以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加esstomachs

thiefwifeleafwolfshelfknifehalfroof3.以f或fe結(jié)尾的，把f或fe變成v，再加esthieveswives

roofs

leaveswolves

shelves

knives

halvesstorypartybabydictionaryfamilycountrydaystories

parties

babies

dictionaries

families

countries

4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加esdays

photozooradiopianopotatotomatoherobamboo5.以o結(jié)尾的詞，有生命力的加es,沒有生命力的加sphotos

zoos

radios

pianos

potatoes

tomatoes

heroes

bamboos

6.不規(guī)則變化foottoothmanwomanchildmousesheepJapanesefeetmenwomenchildren

micesheepJapaneseteeth名詞特點詞尾加法詞尾讀音方法例詞一般情況加s清輔音后/s/.元及濁輔后/z/desks

appleserasersoranges以s/x/ch/sh結(jié)尾加ｅs/iz/boxesglasseswatches以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加es/iz/familiesbabies以“-o”結(jié)尾有生命的加es無生命的加s/z/potatoes

zoostomatoesphotos以“f/fe”結(jié)尾變f/fe為v再加es/vz/kniveswivesleavesthieves讀法不規(guī)則變化詞本身發(fā)生特殊變化：單復同形：（1）man改成men:

manmen,womanwomen gentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemen

gentleman----gentlemen(紳士）(2)oo改成ee:footfeet，toothteeth goosegeese(3)其它：mousemice，childchildrensheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanesefish-------fish3.表示“某國人”的名詞，其變化有三種情況單復數(shù)相同：aJapanese----fiveJapaneseaChinese----twoChinese將man變?yōu)閙en:aFrenchman---twoFrenchmenEnglishman---EnglishmenEnglishwoman---Englishwomen,Dutchman---Dutchmen以an結(jié)尾的名詞，在后面+s:aGerman-----fiveGermansRussian---RussiansAmerican---AmericansIndian----IndiansItalian---ItaliansKorean-----KoreansAustralian—AustraliansCanadian----Canadians)

4.常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞trousersglassesshortspantssocksphysicsgoods貨物newsclotheswoods森林thanksfireworks煙花scissors

5.復合名詞的復數(shù)形式a.將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grow-up---------grow-ups成人aboystudent---boystudents男學生aflowershop--flowershops花店anappletree----appletrees蘋果樹girlstudent-----girlstudents女學生twinsister------twinsisters雙胞姐妹stonebridge-----stonebridges石頭橋b.當名詞的第一個構(gòu)成部分為man或woman時，將2個構(gòu)成部分均變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)awomanteacher-------

twowomenteachersamannurse----twomennursesamanteacher--------somementeachersawomandoctor-----threewomendoctors

不可數(shù)名詞的特點

(1)只有單數(shù)形式，一般沒有復數(shù)形式。（２）不與不定冠詞a/an搭配（３）表示數(shù)量時與量詞搭配．Eg:aboxofmilk/apieceofnews（４）與修飾詞much/alittle/abitof/agreatdealof搭配（5）問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)時用Howmuch,但問不可數(shù)名詞前的量詞時則用howmany+量詞＋of+不可數(shù)名詞…?

如：*Mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday.Howmuchmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday?*Mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday.Howmanykilosofmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday?

既可做可數(shù)名詞，又做不可數(shù)名詞的：可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞

apaper

paper紙aglassglass玻璃anironiron鐵aroomroom空間achickenchicken雞肉aworkwork工作ayouthyouth青春afishfish魚肉一張報紙一個玻璃杯一個熨斗一個房間一只小雞一個作品一個青年一條魚

如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量1.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時，通過可數(shù)的詞來表示其量,表示結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+表量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”。如：apieceofbread-----twopiecesofbread,abagofrice------------threebagsofriceabottleofink---------fivebottlesofinkapieceofnews-----fourpiecesofnewsapieceofadvice,ablockofice,apieceofwork,acupofteaabasketoffood,adropofwateraboxofmilk--------twoboxesofmilk

如：Apieceofmeatisonthetable.Twopiecesofmeatareonthetable.2.可用不定量的詞來表示量：

muchmoney,somerice,alittlewater,abitofmilk,somepaper,agreatdealofwater,allthework,littletime,lotsofmoney,alotoftime1．—HowcanIgetsome____aboutthe2016OlympicGames?—WhynotsearchtheInternet？(2015，安徽)A．informationB．experienceC．practiceD．success2．The____ofteneatgrassonthehill.(2014，隨州)A．chickenB．horseC．cowD．sheepAD3．Therearelotsof____thatstudentshavetofollowinschool.(2015，江西)A．exercisesB．problemsC．skillsD．rules4．Healthisimportantforusteenagers，soweshouldeatmorevegetablessuchas____tokeephealthy.(2015，哈爾濱)A．tomatoesandpotatoesB．tomatosandpotatosC．tomatosandpotatoesDA考點三名詞所有格1．名詞所有格主要用來表示人或物的所有或所屬關(guān)系。下面是它的構(gòu)成方法：單詞形式構(gòu)成方法例子普通單數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加'smyfather'sfriend我父親的朋友詞尾已有-s的復數(shù)名詞在詞尾只加'students'rooms學生們的房間詞尾不帶-s的復數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加'sChildren'sDay兒童節(jié)表示幾個詞共有的所有關(guān)系在最后一個詞的詞尾加'sJaneandMary'sroom簡和瑪麗的房間表示幾個詞各自的所有關(guān)系在每個詞的詞尾加'sJane'sandMary'srooms簡和瑪麗各自的房間表示某人的家、店鋪、辦公室等在詞尾加's，省略其后名詞atmyuncle's在我叔叔家2.名詞所有格有時可以表示地點。eg：atthedoctor's(在診所)gotoGrandpaLiu's(去劉爺爺家)3．“of＋名詞所有格”這種形式被稱為名詞的雙重所有格，常用來表示整體中的一部分。eg：afriendofmyuncle's(我叔叔的一位朋友)1．Theonlineshopsells____clothingataverygoodprice.(2015，鹽城)A．childandman'sB．childrenandmen'sC．children'sandmen'sD．children'sandmen2．Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour，thestudentstook____rest.(2015，石家莊)A．a(chǎn)fewminute'sB．a(chǎn)fewminutes'C．fewminutes'D．fewminute'sCB3．Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein____time？(2015，阜康)A．20years'B．20year'sC．20-years'D．20-year4．____fatherscan'tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegoneonbusiness.(2014，威海)A．JackandMike'sB．Jack'sandMike'sC．JackandMikeD．Jack'sandMikeAB5．Blackisafriendof____．A.Mary'smother'sB．Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMaryD．Marymother'sA6．I'msohungry.Pleasegiveme____toeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD．threepieceofbread7．—Whose____arethese?—IthinktheyareJohn's.(2015，永州)A.key

B．keies

C．keysCB8．—I'mtoldyourclasshas3newcomers.—Yes.Oneisa____，theothertwoare________．(2015，南充)A．Japan，GermanyB．Japanese，GermanC．Japanese，GermansD．Japanese，Germen9．Allthe____teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A．manB．menC．womanD．womenCD10．—Who'sthatgirloverthere?—Julia，sheisastudentof____．A．myfathersB．myfatherC．myfathersD．myfather's11．It'sdifficulttohearyour____becausethe________oftrafficistoohigh.A．voice，noiseB．sound，voiceC．noise，soundD．noise，voiceDA12．—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat'swrongwithhim?—Poorboy.Hisillnessisthe____ofeatingbadfood.A．causeB．resultC．reasonD．end13．—Canyoutellmewhotheoldwomanoverthereunderthebigtreeis?—Oh，she's____grandmother.A．TomandMike'sB．Tom'sandMike'sC．Tom'sandMikeD．TomandMikeBA14．I'dlike____．I'mthirsty.Whataboutyou？(2014，石家莊)A．twobottlesoforangesB．twobottlesoforangeC．twobottleoforangesD．twobottleoforange15．Youcanfindmany____aboutthefamousfilmstarontheInternet.(2015，內(nèi)江)A．newsB．picturesC．ticketsD．informationBB1.March8this_________Day.A.Woman'sB.Women'sC.Womans'D.Women2.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few3.Therearethree_________inourclass.A.Zhou'sB.ZhousC.Zhous'D.Zhous's4.It'saboutten_________walk.A.minute'sB.minutes'C.minuteD.minutes5.Thisroomis_________.A.BillandDavid'sB.Bill'sandDavid'sC.BillsandDavid'sD.BillandDavid課時訓練(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)6.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful_________inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities7.Wouldyoulike_________?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat8.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks9.Tom'scarismorebeautifulthan_________.A.hisbrother'sandsisterB.hisbrotherandsisterC.hisbrothersandsistersD.hisbrother'sandsister's10.“NightingalPrize”isfor_________.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurses課時訓練BACDD11.Themarketisn’tfarfromhere.It’sonly____bicycleride.A.halfanhours’B.halfanhour’sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf12.-----helpyourselfto_______.---------Thanks.Mum…ittastesgood.A.somechickensB.achickenC.somechickenD.anychicken13.—What_____doyoulikebest?—I