Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsGrammarThesubjectclause主語從句

主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1．

引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞有三類：

(1)

連詞that、whether

：That

they

were

in

truth

sisters

was

clear

from

the

facial

resemblance

between

them.

Whether

he’ll

come

here

isn’t

clear.

Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.What

she

did

is

not

yet

known.

Whoever

comes

is

welcome.

Whicheveryouwantisyours(2)

連接代詞who,

whom,

whose,

what,

which,

whoever,

whatever,

whichever等

3)

連接副詞

where,

when,

how,

why等。

How

this

happened

is

not

clear

to

anyone.

Wherever

you

are

is

my

home

----

my

only

home.

Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Wherewelivedoesn’tmatter.Howthepyramidswerebuiltwasstillamystery.A.

It+be+形容詞(obvious,

true,

natural,

surprising,

good,

wonderful,

funny,

possible,

likely,

certain,

probable,

etc.)+that從句。如：

It

is

certain

that

she

will

do

well

in

her

exam.

It

is

probable

that

he

told

her

everything.

B.

It+be+名詞詞組(no

wonder,

an

honour,

a

good

thing,

a

pity,

no

surprise,

etc.)+that從句。如：

It’s

a

pity

that

we

can’t

go.

It’s

no

surprise

that

our

team

should

have

won

the

game.

2.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)C.

It+be+過去分詞(said,

reported,

thought,

expected,

decided,

announced,

arranged,

etc.)+that從句。如：

It

is

said

that

Mr.

Green

has

arrived

in

Beijing.

It

is

reported

that

China

has

sent

another

man－made

earth

satellite

into

orbit.

D.

It+seem,

happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語+that從句。如：

It

seems

that

Alice

is

not

coming

to

the

party

at

all.

Alice

It

happened

that

I

was

out

that

day.

E.

It+doesn’t

matter

(makes

no

difference,

etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：

It

doesn’t

matter

whether

she

will

come

or

not.

It

makes

no

difference

where

we

shall

have

the

meeting.

F.

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：

Is

it

true

that

the

scientist

will

give

us

a

lecture

next

week?

Does

it

matter

much

that

they

will

not

come

tomorrow?

G.

當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：

How

strange

it

is

that

the

children

are

so

quiet!

3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）Itissaid/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.

（3）Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.（4）Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.（5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。

Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?√×√×√×√×4.主語從句需注意的問題(1)主語從句中用陳述語序WhatsheisafraidofistheirtakinghertoParis.(Whatissheafraidof…Wrong)(2)主語從句后謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)Thattheyhaven’tphonedisstrange.(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，that不可被省略Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.4.It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較

It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.

5.what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that則不然。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisaconsolationthatsheisstillalive.×√1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.2.Yourhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoevershouldlearn改錯(cuò)練習(xí)1.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_______itwas?（01北京春季)

A．where B．what C．howD．which2.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.（04上海）A.whereB.what