MOOC英文學(xué)術(shù)寫作實(shí)戰(zhàn)-北京大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)慕課答案這些要點(diǎn)你都注意了嗎？1、問(wèn)題：如果你在愛(ài)課程網(wǎng)和網(wǎng)易云課堂都做過(guò)注冊(cè)，那么你就會(huì)有兩個(gè)賬號(hào)，即使兩個(gè)賬號(hào)的注冊(cè)郵箱（用戶名）是一樣的，系統(tǒng)也會(huì)把你當(dāng)作選項(xiàng)：A、兩個(gè)人看待，分別記錄學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)，且不能自動(dòng)合并學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)單。所以請(qǐng)務(wù)必始終用一個(gè)賬號(hào)從一個(gè)入口登陸課程，切切！B、同一個(gè)人看待。C、不知道會(huì)怎樣。D、小心啊，小心！有人吃過(guò)虧的正確答案:【兩個(gè)人看待，分別記錄學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)，且不能自動(dòng)合并學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)單。所以請(qǐng)務(wù)必始終用一個(gè)賬號(hào)從一個(gè)入口登陸課程，切切！】2、問(wèn)題：課程學(xué)員眾多，發(fā)帖量大，目前論壇功能還不完善，學(xué)員找不到自己的發(fā)帖、回帖，怎么辦？選項(xiàng)：A、有學(xué)員專門建了個(gè)word文檔，叫“英文學(xué)術(shù)寫作討論發(fā)言輯錄”，把自己的發(fā)言都備份下來(lái)，并記錄發(fā)言時(shí)間和已有頁(yè)數(shù)。B、堅(jiān)決不發(fā)水帖（如“很好”等少于10個(gè)字的帖子），維護(hù)課程討論區(qū)的含金量。C、如果贊成某位的觀點(diǎn)，就對(duì)帖點(diǎn)贊，而不是為了湊發(fā)帖子個(gè)數(shù)而多說(shuō)兩句。D、發(fā)帖要發(fā)到專門的討論區(qū)，不亂發(fā)帖。正確答案:【有學(xué)員專門建了個(gè)word文檔，叫“英文學(xué)術(shù)寫作討論發(fā)言輯錄”，把自己的發(fā)言都備份下來(lái)，并記錄發(fā)言時(shí)間和已有頁(yè)數(shù)。#堅(jiān)決不發(fā)水帖（如“很好”等少于10個(gè)字的帖子），維護(hù)課程討論區(qū)的含金量。#如果贊成某位的觀點(diǎn)，就對(duì)帖點(diǎn)贊，而不是為了湊發(fā)帖子個(gè)數(shù)而多說(shuō)兩句。#發(fā)帖要發(fā)到專門的討論區(qū)，不亂發(fā)帖。】3、問(wèn)題：MOOCs學(xué)習(xí)遇到問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，可以從誰(shuí)那里獲得解答？選項(xiàng)：A、為了在課程討論區(qū)找到問(wèn)題的解答，就需要維護(hù)課程討論區(qū)帖子的質(zhì)量。這需要大家共同遵守一些行為準(zhǔn)則。不能指望教學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)刪水帖。B、同學(xué)之間互相幫助，哪怕大家都不太會(huì)，聊著聊著就清楚了。C、課程教學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)往往不會(huì)立即回答問(wèn)題。因?yàn)榻o出了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，就失去了探究的過(guò)程。D、MOOCs課程采用的是異步學(xué)習(xí)方式，大家在方便的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。課程團(tuán)隊(duì)不會(huì)提供坐班回答問(wèn)題，只會(huì)對(duì)每個(gè)模塊的共性問(wèn)題分階段給予解答。正確答案:【為了在課程討論區(qū)找到問(wèn)題的解答，就需要維護(hù)課程討論區(qū)帖子的質(zhì)量。這需要大家共同遵守一些行為準(zhǔn)則。不能指望教學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)刪水帖。#同學(xué)之間互相幫助，哪怕大家都不太會(huì)，聊著聊著就清楚了。#課程教學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)往往不會(huì)立即回答問(wèn)題。因?yàn)榻o出了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，就失去了探究的過(guò)程。#MOOCs課程采用的是異步學(xué)習(xí)方式，大家在方便的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。課程團(tuán)隊(duì)不會(huì)提供坐班回答問(wèn)題，只會(huì)對(duì)每個(gè)模塊的共性問(wèn)題分階段給予解答。】4、問(wèn)題：我的英文水平不夠，這門課對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)難度如何？選項(xiàng)：A、我們采用中英文結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行授課，力圖跨越語(yǔ)言障礙。B、任何學(xué)習(xí)都是有難度的，有挑戰(zhàn)才有成就感！C、我們盡可能多地為大家提供相關(guān)示例與工具，幫助大家理解。D、堅(jiān)持學(xué)完一門慕課是一次不一樣的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)！正確答案:【我們采用中英文結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行授課，力圖跨越語(yǔ)言障礙。#任何學(xué)習(xí)都是有難度的，有挑戰(zhàn)才有成就感！#我們盡可能多地為大家提供相關(guān)示例與工具，幫助大家理解。#堅(jiān)持學(xué)完一門慕課是一次不一樣的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)！】5、問(wèn)題：作業(yè)為什么要用PDF格式提交？選項(xiàng)：A、因?yàn)榇蠹宜褂玫能浖姹静煌桶姹镜能浖虿婚_(kāi)高版本產(chǎn)生的文件，作業(yè)互評(píng)的時(shí)候會(huì)出問(wèn)題，影響你的成績(jī)。B、pdf格式實(shí)際是一種圖格式，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)排版走形、字體不顯示的情況。C、如果你不了解PDF文件，請(qǐng)務(wù)必在這兩天之內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)將word文檔保存為PDF文件。D、如果你的作業(yè)是其他格式的文檔，比如PPT，也是可以轉(zhuǎn)換為PDF格式的。正確答案:【因?yàn)榇蠹宜褂玫能浖姹静煌桶姹镜能浖虿婚_(kāi)高版本產(chǎn)生的文件，作業(yè)互評(píng)的時(shí)候會(huì)出問(wèn)題，影響你的成績(jī)。#pdf格式實(shí)際是一種圖格式，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)排版走形、字體不顯示的情況。#如果你不了解PDF文件，請(qǐng)務(wù)必在這兩天之內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)將word文檔保存為PDF文件。#如果你的作業(yè)是其他格式的文檔，比如PPT，也是可以轉(zhuǎn)換為PDF格式的?！?、問(wèn)題：個(gè)人信息為什么要實(shí)名？個(gè)人信息為什么要完整？選項(xiàng)：A、無(wú)論是電子證書還是紙質(zhì)證書，都會(huì)要出現(xiàn)您的真實(shí)名字。B、紙質(zhì)證書需要做網(wǎng)上身份認(rèn)證，還需要身份證、照片等信息。C、紙質(zhì)證書還需要通訊地址，以便郵寄證書。D、請(qǐng)一次完整填寫相關(guān)信息，避免以后麻煩。有人吃過(guò)虧啊。正確答案:【無(wú)論是電子證書還是紙質(zhì)證書，都會(huì)要出現(xiàn)您的真實(shí)名字。#紙質(zhì)證書需要做網(wǎng)上身份認(rèn)證，還需要身份證、照片等信息。#紙質(zhì)證書還需要通訊地址，以便郵寄證書。#請(qǐng)一次完整填寫相關(guān)信息，避免以后麻煩。有人吃過(guò)虧啊?！?、問(wèn)題：當(dāng)課程結(jié)束且我的成績(jī)合格后，如何申請(qǐng)證書？選項(xiàng)：A、電子證書平臺(tái)會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)放，無(wú)需申請(qǐng)。B、平臺(tái)不再發(fā)放免費(fèi)證書，紙質(zhì)證書和電子證書都需要申請(qǐng)并付費(fèi)。C、證書上的個(gè)人信息需要實(shí)名制。D、需要在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成證書申請(qǐng)并付費(fèi)，不要錯(cuò)過(guò)時(shí)間！正確答案:【平臺(tái)不再發(fā)放免費(fèi)證書，紙質(zhì)證書和電子證書都需要申請(qǐng)并付費(fèi)。#證書上的個(gè)人信息需要實(shí)名制。#需要在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成證書申請(qǐng)并付費(fèi)，不要錯(cuò)過(guò)時(shí)間！】8、問(wèn)題：如果我錯(cuò)過(guò)了一次作業(yè)提交的截止時(shí)間怎么辦？選項(xiàng)：A、老師還會(huì)為我再開(kāi)放一次提交通道。B、錯(cuò)過(guò)了截止日期將無(wú)法提交作業(yè)，但仍可以參與同伴互評(píng)活動(dòng)。C、如果你容易忘記，不妨看看學(xué)員手冊(cè)中的時(shí)間管理策略，用一些小工具幫助自己跟上課程節(jié)奏。D、如果確實(shí)不小心錯(cuò)過(guò)一次作業(yè)，也沒(méi)關(guān)系！這只占了課程總評(píng)分的一部分，堅(jiān)持下去，仍有機(jī)會(huì)。正確答案:【如果你容易忘記，不妨看看學(xué)員手冊(cè)中的時(shí)間管理策略，用一些小工具幫助自己跟上課程節(jié)奏。#如果確實(shí)不小心錯(cuò)過(guò)一次作業(yè)，也沒(méi)關(guān)系！這只占了課程總評(píng)分的一部分，堅(jiān)持下去，仍有機(jī)會(huì)。】1.1.5寫作規(guī)范準(zhǔn)則的小測(cè)驗(yàn)1、問(wèn)題：以下哪種行為不屬于學(xué)術(shù)不端行為？選項(xiàng)：A、將同一研究結(jié)果提交多個(gè)出版社機(jī)構(gòu)出版或提交多個(gè)出版物發(fā)表B、將作出創(chuàng)造性貢獻(xiàn)的人排除在作者名單之外C、對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)方法或結(jié)果的解釋、判斷錯(cuò)誤D、將本質(zhì)上相同的研究成果改頭換面發(fā)表正確答案:【對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)方法或結(jié)果的解釋、判斷錯(cuò)誤】2、問(wèn)題：將他人作品的全部或部分，以或多或少改變形式或內(nèi)容的方式當(dāng)作自己作品發(fā)表，屬于：選項(xiàng)：A、抄襲B、篡改C、偽造D、轉(zhuǎn)述正確答案:【抄襲】3、問(wèn)題：影響因子越大，期刊的（）越大。選項(xiàng)：A、學(xué)術(shù)影響力B、發(fā)行量C、版面費(fèi)D、以上都對(duì)正確答案:【學(xué)術(shù)影響力】4、問(wèn)題：在學(xué)術(shù)論文中，凡是引用他人（包括作者自己）已經(jīng)發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)中的觀點(diǎn)、數(shù)據(jù)、材料和研究結(jié)果等內(nèi)容，都要對(duì)它們?cè)谖闹谐霈F(xiàn)的地方給予注明，并在文末列出參考文獻(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】5、問(wèn)題：整理稿可以將不同時(shí)間多次的口語(yǔ)實(shí)錄自行綜合，同一作者不同時(shí)間、場(chǎng)合的口頭發(fā)言無(wú)需分別注明出處。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】6、問(wèn)題：一稿多投是指同一作者，在法定或約定的禁止再投期間，或者在期限以外獲知自己作品將要發(fā)表或已經(jīng)發(fā)表，在期刊（包括印刷出版和電子媒體出版）編輯和審稿人不知情的情況下，試圖或已經(jīng)在兩種或多種期刊同時(shí)或相繼發(fā)表內(nèi)容相同或相近的論文。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】7、問(wèn)題：引用他人成果占整個(gè)作品的三分之二以上，即使引用標(biāo)注符合規(guī)范，也可認(rèn)定為剽竊。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】8、問(wèn)題：張老師從未參與過(guò)A課題的研究，他無(wú)權(quán)要求在A課題的研究論文中署名為通訊作者。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】9、問(wèn)題：在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中可以將自己實(shí)驗(yàn)中的與期望值不符的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果刪除，只保留與期望值一致的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】10、問(wèn)題：科研成果中的引文可以將未查閱過(guò)的文獻(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)抄入自己的引文目錄或參考文獻(xiàn)目錄中。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】Unit1Test:Ethic1、問(wèn)題：本節(jié)視頻中介紹了下列哪幾種防剽竊工具？選項(xiàng)：A、TurnitinB、UrkundC、PaperPassD、維普通達(dá)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)E、知網(wǎng)論文檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)F、PaperWriteG、FindsameH、Eve2正確答案:【Turnitin#Urkund#PaperPass#維普通達(dá)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)#知網(wǎng)論文檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)】2、問(wèn)題：學(xué)術(shù)不誠(chéng)信可能會(huì)對(duì)以下哪幾方面造成影響？選項(xiàng)：A、個(gè)人信譽(yù)B、研究團(tuán)隊(duì)信譽(yù)C、學(xué)科發(fā)展D、整個(gè)國(guó)家在該學(xué)科的信譽(yù)正確答案:【個(gè)人信譽(yù)#研究團(tuán)隊(duì)信譽(yù)#學(xué)科發(fā)展#整個(gè)國(guó)家在該學(xué)科的信譽(yù)】3、問(wèn)題：在面對(duì)別人對(duì)自己研究成果的質(zhì)疑時(shí)，哪些是不恰當(dāng)?shù)淖龇ǎ窟x項(xiàng)：A、堅(jiān)持自己，不理會(huì)那些質(zhì)疑，不解釋B、和別的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)積極溝通交流，回應(yīng)質(zhì)疑C、不能告訴他們自己的研究過(guò)程，對(duì)自己的研究保密D、認(rèn)為他們的質(zhì)疑毫無(wú)道理，肯定是別人的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法不過(guò)關(guān)，一定要予以還擊正確答案:【堅(jiān)持自己，不理會(huì)那些質(zhì)疑，不解釋#不能告訴他們自己的研究過(guò)程，對(duì)自己的研究保密#認(rèn)為他們的質(zhì)疑毫無(wú)道理，肯定是別人的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法不過(guò)關(guān)，一定要予以還擊】4、問(wèn)題：當(dāng)權(quán)威的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表最新實(shí)驗(yàn)，而自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)卻無(wú)法重復(fù)時(shí)，應(yīng)該：選項(xiàng)：A、認(rèn)為權(quán)威不容置疑，肯定是自己的方法有問(wèn)題B、仔細(xì)排查自己的研究，發(fā)郵件咨詢?cè)搱F(tuán)隊(duì)C、肯定是他們的研究存在造假，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上攻擊他們D、和同領(lǐng)域的其他團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，如果依然無(wú)法重復(fù)，可以向發(fā)稿期刊和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)提出合理質(zhì)疑正確答案:【仔細(xì)排查自己的研究，發(fā)郵件咨詢?cè)搱F(tuán)隊(duì)#和同領(lǐng)域的其他團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，如果依然無(wú)法重復(fù)，可以向發(fā)稿期刊和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)提出合理質(zhì)疑】5、問(wèn)題：以下哪些行為屬于學(xué)術(shù)不端行為？選項(xiàng)：A、將同一研究結(jié)果提交多個(gè)出版社機(jī)構(gòu)出版或提交多個(gè)出版物發(fā)表B、將作出創(chuàng)造性貢獻(xiàn)的人排除在作者名單之外C、對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)方法或結(jié)果的解釋、判斷錯(cuò)誤D、將本質(zhì)上相同的研究成果改頭換面發(fā)表正確答案:【將同一研究結(jié)果提交多個(gè)出版社機(jī)構(gòu)出版或提交多個(gè)出版物發(fā)表#將作出創(chuàng)造性貢獻(xiàn)的人排除在作者名單之外#將本質(zhì)上相同的研究成果改頭換面發(fā)表】6、問(wèn)題：PaperPass論文檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)分別用紅色、橙色和綠色三種顏色代表相似度70%以上、40%-70%與合格三種類型。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】7、問(wèn)題：Turnitin和PaperPass系統(tǒng)都是可以免費(fèi)使用的。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】8、問(wèn)題：如果你的論文研究過(guò)程和研究結(jié)果都很有意義，但論文引言部分和文獻(xiàn)綜述部分相似比較高，雜志社還是會(huì)接受你的論文。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】9、問(wèn)題：因?yàn)橥性u(píng)議過(guò)程較為漫長(zhǎng)，期刊通常會(huì)讓投稿人自己推薦幾名審稿人，而很多人鉆了這個(gè)空子，出現(xiàn)了大規(guī)模的同行評(píng)議事件，這說(shuō)明同行評(píng)議這一做法既耗時(shí)耗力，還會(huì)引起學(xué)術(shù)造假問(wèn)題，應(yīng)該取消。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】10、問(wèn)題：利益因素的存在，往往會(huì)影響研究者的判斷力，無(wú)論是有心抑或無(wú)意。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】11、問(wèn)題：存在利益沖突就意味著利益主體(研究者)犯錯(cuò)了。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】12、問(wèn)題：研究者本人單純因?yàn)閭€(gè)人交情而發(fā)表使某商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)受益的文章，或夸大研究成果，這樣的情況很正常而且因?yàn)椴淮嬖诶孑斔?，所以不算什么錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】13、問(wèn)題：在科研論文寫作中利益聲明可有可無(wú)。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】14、問(wèn)題：作者可以將同一篇稿件以不同語(yǔ)言同時(shí)向多家期刊投稿。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】15、問(wèn)題：我既可以直接引用原始論文中的內(nèi)容，也可以間接引用二次文獻(xiàn)中的引文。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】16、問(wèn)題：在學(xué)術(shù)論文中，凡是引用他人（包括作者自己）已經(jīng)發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)中的觀點(diǎn)、數(shù)據(jù)、材料和研究結(jié)果等內(nèi)容，都要對(duì)它們?cè)谖闹谐霈F(xiàn)的地方給予注明，并在文末列出參考文獻(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】17、問(wèn)題：整理稿可以將不同時(shí)間多次的口語(yǔ)實(shí)錄自行綜合，同一作者不同時(shí)間、場(chǎng)合的口頭發(fā)言無(wú)需分別注明出處。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】18、問(wèn)題：一稿多投是指同一作者，在法定或約定的禁止再投期間，或者在期限以外獲知自己作品將要發(fā)表或已經(jīng)發(fā)表，在期刊（包括印刷出版和電子媒體出版）編輯和審稿人不知情的情況下，試圖或已經(jīng)在兩種或多種期刊同時(shí)或相繼發(fā)表內(nèi)容相同或相近的論文。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】19、問(wèn)題：引用他人成果占整個(gè)作品的三分之二以上，即使引用標(biāo)注符合規(guī)范，也可認(rèn)定為剽竊。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】20、問(wèn)題：張老師從未參與過(guò)A課題的研究，他無(wú)權(quán)要求在A課題的研究論文中署名為通訊作者。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】21、問(wèn)題：在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中可以將自己實(shí)驗(yàn)中的與期望值不符的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果刪除，只保留與期望值一致的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】22、問(wèn)題：科研成果中的引文可以將未查閱過(guò)的文獻(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)抄入自己的引文目錄或參考文獻(xiàn)目錄中。選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】2.1.5Audiencetask1、問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)閱讀第一段文本（Text1），判斷并選擇你認(rèn)為該文寫作的目標(biāo)讀者是誰(shuí)？Nakedmole-ratsappeartohaveahighresistancetotumors;cancerhasneverbeenobservedinthem.Apotentialmechanismthatavertscancerisanover-crowdinggene,p16,whichpreventscelldivisiononceindividualcellscomeintocontact(knownascontactinhibition).Thecellsofmostmammals,includingnakedmole-rats,undergocontactinhibitionviathegenep27whichpreventscellularreproductionatamuchhighercelldensitythanp16does.Thecombinationofp16andp27innakedmole-ratcellsisadoublebarriertouncontrolledcellproliferation,oneofthehallmarksofcancer.OnJune19,2013,scientistsreportedthatthereasonnakedmole-ratsdonotgetcancermaybebecausetheyproduceanextremelyhigh-molecular-masshyaluronan(HMW-HA)(anaturalsugarysubstance),whichisoverfivetimeslargerthanthatincancer-pronehumansandcancer-susceptiblelaboratoryanimals.ThebreakthroughscientificreportwaspublishedamonthlaterasthecoverstoryofthejournalNature.Afewmonthslater,thesameUniversityofRochesterresearchteamannouncedthatnakedmole-ratshaveribosomesthatproduceextremelyerror-freeproteins.Becauseofbothofthesediscoveries,thejournalSciencenamedthenakedmole-rat“VertebrateoftheYear”for2013.選項(xiàng)：A、ExpertscientistintheresearchareaB、GeneralsciencereaderC、GeneralpublicD、Children正確答案:【Generalpublic】2、問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)閱讀第二段文本（Text2），判斷并選擇你認(rèn)為該文寫作的目標(biāo)讀者是誰(shuí)？Theywillneverwinabeautycontest,butnakedmoleratsmayholdalessonortwoforhumans.Twostudiesin2013foundcluesastowhytheserodentscanlive30years,cancer-free.Onesecretmaybetheribosomethatexcelsatproducingerror-freeproteins;misformedproteinscanclogupthebody’ssystemsandaccelerateaging.Anothercouldbeasupersizedversionofcomplexsugarthatseemstoprotectagainstcancer.Nakedmoleratsdon'tbreakthiscompounddownasfastasotheranimals,soitbuildsupinthespacesbetweencellsandmaykeepthecellsfromclumpingtogetherandformingtumors.選項(xiàng)：A、ExpertscientistintheresearchareaB、GeneralsciencereaderC、GeneralpublicD、Children正確答案:【Generalsciencereader】3、問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)閱讀第三段文本（Text3），判斷并選擇你認(rèn)為該文寫作的目標(biāo)讀者是誰(shuí)？Thenakedmolerat(Heterocephalusglaber)displaysexceptionallongevity,withamaximumlifespanexceeding30?years.Thisisthelongestreportedlifespanforarodentspeciesandisespeciallystrikingconsideringthesmallbodymassofthenakedmolerat.Incomparison,asimilarlysizedhousemousehasamaximumlifespanof4?years.Inadditiontotheirlongevity,nakedmoleratsshowanunusualresistancetocancer.Multi-yearobservationsoflargenakedmole-ratcoloniesdidnotdetectasingleincidenceofcancer.Hereweidentifyamechanismresponsibleforthenakedmolerat’scancerresistance.Wefoundthatnakedmole-ratfibroblastssecreteextremelyhigh-molecular-masshyaluronan(HA),whichisoverfivetimeslargerthanhumanormouseHA.Thishigh-molecular-massHAaccumulatesabundantlyinnakedmole-rattissuesowingtothedecreasedactivityofHA-degradingenzymesandauniquesequenceofhyaluronansynthase2(HAS2)....WespeculatethatnakedmoleratshaveevolvedahigherconcentrationofHAintheskintoprovideskinelasticityneededforlifeinundergroundtunnels.Thistraitmayhavethenbeenco-optedtoprovidecancerresistanceandlongevitytothisspecies.選項(xiàng)：A、ExpertscientistintheresearchareaB、GeneralsciencereaderC、GeneralpublicD、Children正確答案:【Expertscientistintheresearcharea】Unit2PeerReview:AudienceandStorylineUnit2Test:AudienceandStoryline1、問(wèn)題：科學(xué)故事DNA雙螺旋的案例中，下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)“數(shù)據(jù)-信息-知識(shí)-理解”中的“信息”這一層次選項(xiàng)：A、富蘭克林拍攝的x射線衍射圖B、沃森與克里克判斷DNA并非以往猜想的三鏈結(jié)構(gòu)C、沃森與克里克提出了DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)理論D、DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)下的遺傳信息傳遞機(jī)制和對(duì)遺傳性的解釋正確答案:【沃森與克里克判斷DNA并非以往猜想的三鏈結(jié)構(gòu)】2、問(wèn)題：科學(xué)故事DNA雙螺旋的案例中，下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)“數(shù)據(jù)-信息-知識(shí)-理解”中的“知識(shí)”這一層次選項(xiàng)：A、富蘭克林拍攝的x射線衍射圖B、沃森與克里克判斷DNA并非以往猜想的三鏈結(jié)構(gòu)C、沃森與克里克提出了DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)理論D、DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)下的遺傳信息傳遞機(jī)制和對(duì)遺傳性的解釋正確答案:【沃森與克里克提出了DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)理論】3、問(wèn)題：科學(xué)故事DNA雙螺旋的案例中，下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)“數(shù)據(jù)-信息-知識(shí)-理解”中的“理解”這一層次選項(xiàng)：A、富蘭克林拍攝的x射線衍射圖B、沃森與克里克判斷DNA并非以往猜想的三鏈結(jié)構(gòu)C、沃森與克里克提出了DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)理論D、DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)下的遺傳信息傳遞機(jī)制和對(duì)遺傳性的解釋正確答案:【DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)下的遺傳信息傳遞機(jī)制和對(duì)遺傳性的解釋】4、問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)?jiān)俅伍喿x關(guān)于前面讀過(guò)的“nakedmolerat”學(xué)術(shù)短文Thenakedmolerat(Heterocephalusglaber)displaysexceptionallongevity,withamaximumlifespanexceeding30?years.Thisisthelongestreportedlifespanforarodentspeciesandisespeciallystrikingconsideringthesmallbodymassofthenakedmolerat.Incomparison,asimilarlysizedhousemousehasamaximumlifespanof4?years.Inadditiontotheirlongevity,nakedmoleratsshowanunusualresistancetocancer.Multi-yearobservationsoflargenakedmole-ratcoloniesdidnotdetectasingleincidenceofcancer.Hereweidentifyamechanismresponsibleforthenakedmolerat’scancerresistance.Wefoundthatnakedmole-ratfibroblastssecreteextremelyhigh-molecular-masshyaluronan(HA),whichisoverfivetimeslargerthanhumanormouseHA.Thishigh-molecular-massHAaccumulatesabundantlyinnakedmole-rattissuesowingtothedecreasedactivityofHA-degradingenzymesandauniquesequenceofhyaluronansynthase2(HAS2)....WespeculatethatnakedmoleratshaveevolvedahigherconcentrationofHAintheskintoprovideskinelasticityneededforlifeinundergroundtunnels.Thistraitmayhavethenbeenco-optedtoprovidecancerresistanceandlongevitytothisspecies.并從中選出哪句話作者在闡述自己論文貢獻(xiàn)的“新的理解”選項(xiàng)：A、Wefoundthatnakedmole-ratfibroblastssecreteextremelyhigh-molecular-masshyaluronan(HA),whichisoverfivetimeslargerthanhumanormouseHA.B、Thishigh-molecular-massHAaccumulatesabundantlyinnakedmole-rattissuesowingtothedecreasedactivityofHA-degradingenzymesandauniquesequenceofhyaluronansynthase2(HAS2).C、WespeculatethatnakedmoleratshaveevolvedahigherconcentrationofHAintheskintoprovideskinelasticityneededforlifeinundergroundtunnels.D、Thistraitmayhavethenbeenco-optedtoprovidecancerresistanceandlongevitytothisspecies.正確答案:【Thistraitmayhavethenbeenco-optedtoprovidecancerresistanceandlongevitytothisspecies.】5、問(wèn)題：Accordingtothedescriptionlistedbelow,choosetherightreaders.*Readthemethodssectionandanythingelsethathelpsthemfindingasolution;*Bigknowledgegap;*Possiblyreadersfromadifferentarea,lookingforamethodthatcanbeusedintheirarea;*Lookingforclearintroductionwithmanyreferences.選項(xiàng)：A、ThefieldintelligencegathererB、ThecompetitorC、ThesolutionseekerD、Theyoungresearcher正確答案:【Thesolutionseeker】6、問(wèn)題：Accordingtothedescriptionlistedbelow,choosetherightreaders.*Doesnotneedtobeprovidedwithanybackground;*Checksifyouhavecitedtheirpaper;*Mayuseyourreferencestocompletetheirown;*Mayevenhavereviewedyourpaper.選項(xiàng)：A、ThefieldintelligencegathererB、ThecompetitorC、ThesolutionseekerD、Theyoungresearcher正確答案:【Thecompetitor】7、問(wèn)題：Whichofthefollowingtypesofreaderswillmostlikelypayattentiontowhetheryouhavecitedtheirpapers.選項(xiàng)：A、youngscientistB、problemseekerC、journalistD、competitor正確答案:【competitor】8、問(wèn)題：Howtobridgethegapofknowledgebetweenyouandyourreaders?選項(xiàng)：A、settargetreaders.B、provideresearchbackground.C、proceedfromtheelementarytotheprofound.D、payattentiontothelogicflow,sothatthepapercanbemorecomprehensive.正確答案:【settargetreaders.#provideresearchbackground.#proceedfromtheelementarytotheprofound.#payattentiontothelogicflow,sothatthepapercanbemorecomprehensive.】9、問(wèn)題：Youwriteyourpaperforthosescientistswhoworkonthesametopicasyoudo,sothereisnoneedtothinkaboutotherreadersasyouraudience選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】10、問(wèn)題：AuthorsofScientificPapersdonotneedtowritetheirresultsasastory,asalltheinformationisalreadyinthefigures選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】11、問(wèn)題：Whenyouwriteyouracademicpaper,itisimportanttowriteagoodstorythattruthfullyreflectsyourresults,asfiguresandtablescanbeinterpretedinseveralways.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】12、問(wèn)題：Why?Why?Why?isamethodthatallowsyoutofindafittingbackgroundstatement,startingfromaspecificproblemaddressedinyourwork.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】13、問(wèn)題：Thestatement:'ByusingionselectivemicroelectrodeswefoundthatthepHgradientinthesilkglandismuchbroaderthanpreviouslyknown.’isagoodstartingsentenceofapaper;asonlyreadersfamiliarwiththetopicwillreadthispaper.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】14、問(wèn)題：Thestatement:'GlobaldemandforelephantivoryiscontributingtoillegalpoachingandsignificantdeclineofAfricanelephant(Loxondontaafricana)populations.’representsagoodexampleofabackgroundsentence,accessibletobothexpertsandnon-experts.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】15、問(wèn)題：Whenyouwriteyourmanuscript,itisnotnecessarytotakeyouraudienceintoconsideration,asyoumostlywriteforyourself.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】16、問(wèn)題：Scientificmanuscriptsareusuallywrittenforaverysmallnumberofotherresearchersworkinginthesamefield;thereforethereisnoneedtoexplainanyscientificterms.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】17、問(wèn)題：Itisessentialforanyacademicwritingtotakeintoconsiderationyourprospectiveaudience,whetheritconsistsofexpertsornon-experts.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】18、問(wèn)題：Youraudienceknowsmuchmoreaboutyourresearchthanyoudo,thereforeyoucanalwaysassumetheyintuitivelyunderstandwhatyouaretryingtostateinyouracademicwriting.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】19、問(wèn)題：Textbooks,reviewsandscientificpapersareallwritteninthesameway,namelyinamannerthatshowsthereaderhowknowledgabletheauthoris.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】3.1.3Noriskquizaboutorganization1、問(wèn)題：Whichonedoesnotbelongtothemethodpart？選項(xiàng)：A、sampleB、datacollectionC、experimentdesignD、dataanalysis正確答案:【dataanalysis】2、問(wèn)題：Pleasefilltheblankaccordingtotherightorderofapaper.Researchpapersgenerallyincludeseveralparts.Thesepartsareoftenarrangedintheorderof_______，keywords，introductionliteraturereview,________,results/findings,discussionand__________andreference.選項(xiàng)：A、abstract，method，conclusion.B、abstract,dataanalysis,conclusion.C、abstract,method,limitation.D、questions,method,conclusion.正確答案:【abstract，method，conclusion.】3、問(wèn)題：Icanchoosemykeywordsaccordingtotheresearchfieldofmypaper.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】4、問(wèn)題：Imustconcernabouttargetreaders.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】5、問(wèn)題：IcanwriteasmanykeywordsasIwant.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】3.2.2Findtherightorderback1、問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)參考前面摘要結(jié)構(gòu)的四段論，將下面A-B-C-D（目前的順序是打亂的順序）匹配成正確的順序，組成一篇結(jié)構(gòu)合理的學(xué)術(shù)摘要：A-Hereweshowthat,byexperimentallymanipulatingthelocationofthecentreofmassinlivingbirds,itispossibletorecreatelimbpostureandkinematicsinferredforextinctbipedaldinosaurs.Chickensraisedwearingartificialtails,andconsequentlywithmoreposteriorlylocatedcentreofmass,showedamoreverticalorientationofthefemurduringstandingandincreasedfemoraldisplacementduringlocomotion.Ourresultssupportthehypothesisthatgradualchangesinthelocationofthecentreofmassresultedinmorecrouchedhindlimbposturesandashiftfromhip-driventoknee-drivenlimbmovementsthroughtheropodevolution.B-Suchfunctionaldifferences,whichareassociatedwithagradual,anteriorshiftofthecentreofmassintheropodsalongthebirdline,maketheuseofextantbirdstostudynon-aviantheropodlocomotionproblematic.C-Thisstudysuggeststhat,throughcarefulexperimentalmanipulationsduringthegrowthphaseofontogeny,extantbirdscanpotentiallybeusedtogainimportantinsightsintopreviouslyunexploredaspectsofbipedalnon-aviantheropodlocomotion.D-Birdssharemanytraitswiththeirdinosaurancestors,makingthemthebestlivinggrouptoreconstructcertainaspectsofnon-aviantheropodbiology.Livingbirds,however,maintainanunusuallycrouchedhindlimbpostureandlocomotionpoweredbykneeflexion,incontrasttotheinferredprimitiveconditionofnon-aviantheropods:moreuprightpostureandlimbmovementpoweredbyfemurretraction.選項(xiàng)：A、A-C-B-DB、D-C-A-BC、D-B-A-CD、A-B-D-C正確答案:【D-B-A-C】3.3.3Findtherightsubheading1、問(wèn)題：這個(gè)練習(xí)任務(wù)一共有四個(gè)段落，請(qǐng)你順序閱讀第一題到第四題，并且為每一個(gè)段落（對(duì)應(yīng)一題）找到最恰當(dāng)?shù)絪ubheading，并在做判斷到時(shí)候體會(huì)前面視頻中降到到subheading的重要性和寫作技巧。第一段：Onastarlitnight,beetleswerereleasedwiththeirdungballsfromthecenterofacirculararenaofflattenedandleveledsand,enclosedwithina1mhigh,featurelesscircularwall.Todeterminehowaccuratelydungbeetlescanorientatealongstraightpathswhenpreventedfromseeinganycelestialcues,weobscuredthedorsalvisualfieldsofScarabaeussatyruswithsmallcardboardcaps(Figure1C),whereastheventraleyeswerenotimpeded.…Totestforapossibleeffectofthecap,wealsofittedbeetleswithatransparentplasticcapofthesameshapeasthecardboardversion.…Thus,thestraight-lineorientationofS.satyrusissignificantlyimpairediftheyarepreventedfromseeingthestarlitsky.選項(xiàng)：A、ScarabaeussatyrusfailstoorientwithoutcelestialcluesB、ScarabaeussatyrususesstarsofnightskyfororientationC、ScarabaeussatyrususesmilkywayfororientationD、Futureexperiments正確答案:【Scarabaeussatyrusfailstoorientwithoutcelestialclues】2、問(wèn)題：第二段：…Thataviewoftheclearstarryskyisimportantforstraight-lineorientationisfurthersupportedbyobservationsofbeetlesrollingunderacompletelyovercastskyinthesamearena.Undertheseconditions,whenneithermoonlightnorthestarswerevisibleinthesky,thebeetlestook117.4±28.0s(n=6)toexitthearena.…Thesefindingsfurthersupportourhypothesisthatdungbeetlescanusethestarryskytoorientate.選項(xiàng)：A、ScarabaeussatyrusfailstoorientwithoutcelestialcluesB、ScarabaeussatyrususesstarsofnightskyfororientationC、ScarabaeussatyrususesmilkywayfororientationD、Futureexperiments正確答案:【Scarabaeussatyrususesstarsofnightskyfororientation】3、問(wèn)題：第三段：TodeterminewhatorientationinformationS.satyrusextractsfromthestarrysky—despitethetheoreticallimitationsofitsvisualsystem—wemovedourwoodenarenaintotheJohannesburgplanetarium.Here,approximately4,000starsandtheMilkyWay(asadiffusestreakoflight)canbeprojectedontothe18mdiameterdomedceiling.Wefoundthatbeetlestookthesameamountoftimetoexitthearena,irrespectiveofwhethertheycouldseethefullprojectionofthestarrysky(includingtheMilkyWay;43.3±6.9s,n=13)oronlytheMilkyWay(53.3±12.1s,n=10;ttest,T48=0.60,p=0.55).Thisindicatesthatonamoonlessnight,S.satyrusorientatesusingthebrightbandoflightproducedbytheMilkyWay.…Thisclearlyshowsthatthebeetlesdonotorientatetoasinglebright“l(fā)odestar,”butrathertothebandoflightthatrepresentstheMilkyWay.選項(xiàng)：A、ScarabaeussatyrusfailstoorientwithoutcelestialcluesB、ScarabaeussatyrususesstarsofnightskyfororientationC、ScarabaeussatyrususesmilkywayfororientationD、Futureexperiments正確答案:【Scarabaeussatyrususesmilkywayfororientation】4、問(wèn)題：第四段：AfinaltestfortheroleoftheMilkyWayasanorientationcuefordungbeetleswouldbetoremoveitcompletelyfromtherealnightsky.Fortunately,inOctobertheMilkyWayliesclosetothehorizonaftersunsetandisnotvisibleforabeetlerollingwithinthewalledarena.PreviousexperimentsperformedatthistimeofyearshowthatthedungbeetleS.zambesianusisunabletorollalongstraighttracksonmoonlessnights[7].Wearethusconfidentthatwhenvisible,dungbeetlesusetheMilkyWayfornocturnalorientation.在你給四個(gè)段落選定小標(biāo)題后，也可以思考選定的小標(biāo)題對(duì)于寫作過(guò)程是否有幫助，也許這四個(gè)小標(biāo)題不會(huì)是呈現(xiàn)在論文中最終的小標(biāo)題，但也許會(huì)對(duì)撰寫每個(gè)段落是有幫助的。請(qǐng)大家在做這個(gè)測(cè)驗(yàn)時(shí)認(rèn)真體會(huì)！選項(xiàng)：A、ScarabaeussatyrusfailstoorientwithoutcelestialcluesB、ScarabaeussatyrususesstarsofnightskyfororientationC、ScarabaeussatyrususesmilkywayfororientationD、Futureexperiments正確答案:【Futureexperiments】Unit3Test:Organization1、問(wèn)題：Whowillbenefitfromthesubheadingsofthepaper?選項(xiàng)：A、ReaderB、ReviewerC、AuthorsD、Alloftheabove正確答案:【Alloftheabove】2、問(wèn)題：以下哪個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是本單元提倡的摘要結(jié)構(gòu)和呈現(xiàn)順序？選項(xiàng)：A、Question/Gapintheliterature-Method-Results/Solutions-Conclusions/Summary/AssessmentofSolutions-GeneralIntroduction-MoredetailedBackgroundB、GeneralIntroduction-MoredetailedBackground-Question/Gapintheliterature-Method-Results/Solutions-Conclusions/Summary/AssessmentofSolutionsC、Method-Results/Solutions-GeneralIntroduction-MoredetailedBackground-Question/Gapintheliterature-Conclusions/Summary/AssessmentofSolutionsD、Question/Gapintheliterature-GeneralIntroduction-MoredetailedBackground-Method-Results/Solutions-Conclusions/Summary/AssessmentofSolutions正確答案:【GeneralIntroduction-MoredetailedBackground-Question/Gapintheliterature-Method-Results/Solutions-Conclusions/Summary/AssessmentofSolutions】3、問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)參考本單元講解的摘要結(jié)構(gòu)的四段論，將下面A-B-C-D（目前的順序是打亂的順序）匹配成正確的順序，組成一篇結(jié)構(gòu)合理的學(xué)術(shù)摘要：A-Hereweshowthat,byexperimentallymanipulatingthelocationofthecentreofmassinlivingbirds,itispossibletorecreatelimbpostureandkinematicsinferredforextinctbipedaldinosaurs.Chickensraisedwearingartificialtails,andconsequentlywithmoreposteriorlylocatedcentreofmass,showedamoreverticalorientationofthefemurduringstandingandincreasedfemoraldisplacementduringlocomotion.Ourresultssupportthehypothesisthatgradualchangesinthelocationofthecentreofmassresultedinmorecrouchedhindlimbposturesandashiftfromhip-driventoknee-drivenlimbmovementsthroughtheropodevolution.B-Suchfunctionaldifferences,whichareassociatedwithagradual,anteriorshiftofthecentreofmassintheropodsalongthebirdline,maketheuseofextantbirdstostudynon-aviantheropodlocomotionproblematic.C-Thisstudysuggeststhat,throughcarefulexperimentalmanipulationsduringthegrowthphaseofontogeny,extantbirdscanpotentiallybeusedtogainimportantinsightsintopreviouslyunexploredaspectsofbipedalnon-aviantheropodlocomotion.D-Birdssharemanytraitswiththeirdinosaurancestors,makingthemthebestlivinggrouptoreconstructcertainaspectsofnon-aviantheropodbiology.Livingbirds,however,maintainanunusuallycrouchedhindlimbpostureandlocomotionpoweredbykneeflexion,incontrasttotheinferredprimitiveconditionofnon-aviantheropods:moreuprightpostureandlimbmovementpoweredbyfemurretraction.選項(xiàng)：A、A-C-B-DB、D-C-A-BC、D-B-A-CD、A-B-D-C正確答案:【D-B-A-C】4、問(wèn)題：你認(rèn)為下面哪句話，應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在摘要的第一句選項(xiàng)：A、Innovation,definedascreativitywithapurpose,iswidelyconsideredtobetheengineofscientificprogress.B、However,therecentintroductionofcleanertechnologiesintheUKhasledtoreductionsintheemissionsofnitrogenoxides,withconcomitantdecreasesinNdeposition.C、WefindthatozoneproductionoccursatlowerNOxandmuchlargerVOCconcentrationsthandoesitssummertimeurbancounterpart,leadingtocarbonyl(oxygenatedVOCswithaC=Omoiety)photolysisasadominantoxidantsource.D、Thisinformationshouldaidandencourageresearcherstoimplementgene-targetingtechniquesintotheirresearchprogram.正確答案:【Innovation,definedascreativitywithapurpose,iswidelyconsideredtobetheengineofscientificprogress.】5、問(wèn)題：你認(rèn)為下面哪句話，屬于摘要中對(duì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)意義的探討？選項(xiàng)：A、Highgeneralizationabilityofsupport-vectornetworksutilizingpolynomialinputtransformationsisdemonstrated.B、WefindthatozoneproductionoccursatlowerNOxandmuchlargerVOCconcentrationsthandoesitssummertimeurbancounterpart,leadingtocarbonyl(oxygenatedVOCswithaC=Omoiety)photolysisasadominantoxidantsource.C、Together,themoduleandsurveyresultsconfirmtheneedtoincludesuchinquiry-basedactivitiesintothehighereducationclassroom,therebyhelpingstudentstohonetheircriticalthinkingandquestionaskingskillsetandtofacilitatetheirprofessionaldevelopmentinastrobiology.D、Thenegativeeffectofincreasingatmosphericnitrogen(N)pollutionongrasslandbiodiversityisnowincontrovertible.正確答案:【Together,themoduleandsurveyresultsconfirmtheneedtoincludesuchinquiry-basedactivitiesintothehighereducationclassroom,therebyhelpingstudentstohonetheircriticalthinkingandquestionaskingskillsetandtofacilitatetheirprofessionaldevelopmentinastrobiology.】6、問(wèn)題：Subheadingsareusefulfor:選項(xiàng)：A、thewriterB、generalreadersC、expertreadersD、reviewersE、allreaders正確答案:【allreaders】7、問(wèn)題：Introductionoftenincludes選項(xiàng)：A、Researchbackground.B、ResearchquestionC、MethodD、Value（theoreticalandpracticalvalue)E、ConclusionF、DiscussionG、Findings正確答案:【Researchbackground.#Researchquestion#Value（theoreticalandpracticalvalue)】8、問(wèn)題：Awell-writtenLiteratureReviewis選項(xiàng)：A、logicallystructured,clearlywrittenandeasytofollowB、afull-scaleintroductiontoallrelevantworkeverdoneinthefieldC、quotespecificopinionsofeachrelevantresearchD、wellorganized，containingcriticalanalysisofpreviousworkE、relevantandpersuasiveF、reviewsthepapersofauthorities正確答案:【logicallystructured,clearlywrittenandeasytofollow#wellorganized，containingcriticalanalysisofpreviouswork#relevantandpersuasive】9、問(wèn)題：Howcansubheadingshelptheauthors?選項(xiàng)：A、HelpauthorstohaveclearwritingstructureduringthewritingstageB、HelpauthorstostayontopicandavoiddigressionC、HelpcollaboratingauthorstodiscussthestructureofthearticleD、Helpauthorstoachievecontextualconsistencyinwriting正確答案:【Helpauthorstohaveclearwritingstructureduringthewritingstage#Helpauthorstostayontopicandavoiddigression#Helpcollaboratingauthorstodiscussthestructureoft