定語從句Attributiveclause2019人教版必修一Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures定語從句的定義：定語+從句定語：用來修飾名詞代詞的形容詞等。主要是形容詞。從句：從句是相對于主句而言的。從句一定有連接詞引導。

Iwaslateforclass,becausemyclockdidn’tgooff.定語從句：用來修飾一個名詞或者代詞的句子叫做定語從句。也叫形容詞性從句。PS:定語從句可以翻譯出一個“的”字。主句從句連接詞定語從句的結構主句：含有被修飾的名詞從句：引導詞+修飾名詞的句子Thisisa

bookthat

Iboughtonline.主句中被修飾的名詞叫做先行詞，連接主句和從句的連詞叫做關系詞。定語從句的功能定語從句用來修飾限定一個名詞或者代詞。主要是限定所指人或事物的范圍。強調哪個（種）人，哪個（種）物。Ihavea

book.我有一本書（泛指）Ihaveabook（thatIboughtonline）.我有一本網上買的書。

（指明這本書是網上買的，而不是其他地方來的。言外之意他還有一些其他地方來的書。）定語從句的分類和區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式沒有逗號隔開有逗號隔開功能是指明哪個（種）人，哪個（種）物。刪除后句意受影響。沒有指明哪個（種）人，哪個（種）物。只是補充說明。刪除后句意不受影響。Hehasasisterwhoisadoctor.他有一個當醫(yī)生的姐姐。（不止一個姐姐）Hehasasister,whoisadoctor.他有一個姐姐是一名醫(yī)生。（只有一個姐姐）關系詞的分類根據關系詞在從句中是否充當基本成分可將關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞。關系詞關系代詞代人whowhomwhosethat主賓表賓語定語主賓表代物which

whosethat主賓表定語主賓表關系副詞時間when作狀語，不作基本成分。地點where原因Why關系詞的使用規(guī)則1.先行詞為物，只能使用that不能使用which的情況：(1)當先行詞為不定代詞：all,both,neither,none,either,any,everything,nothing,something,anything,much,many,few,afew,little,alittle.(2)當先行詞被all,both,some,no,every,any,each,much等修飾時;(3)當先行詞被序數詞、最高級修飾；(4)當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修飾；(5)當先行詞即有人又有物時。例句Ihavetakendown

everything

thattheteachersaid.Ihavetakendownallthatisimportant.Allthebooksthatyouboughtareinteresting.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ShoppingistheonlythingthatIwanttodo.Weoftentalkaboutthe

peopleandthings

thatweremember.不定代詞不定詞修飾最高級修飾唯一修飾人物同時先行詞為物，只能用which不能用that的情況只能用which的情況：介詞后面，逗號后面。1、介詞后面，指物的關系代詞只能用which；The

house

in

which

we

live

is

farfromschool.

Thepaintingforwhichhepaid$1,000wasonceownedbyabusinessman.2、逗號后面，指物的關系代詞只能用which。I

live

in

Kunming,

which

is

the

capital

of

Yunnanprovince.Thebigreddog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.3.上下文出現that，避免重復使用which。練一練1.Doyou

have

anything

you

want

to

say

for

yourself?2.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,

astonishedme.3.Allthepresents

yourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.4.Thisisthebestfilm

I'veeverseen.5.Thisistheverybus

I'mwaitingfor.6.Itlookslikethesamebook

youboughtinthebookstore.7.Heisalwaysthefirstman

comestoclassroom.thatthatthatthatthatwhowhich8.Thebuildingin_______shelivedwasdemolished.9.Wedependonthelandfrom________wecangetourfood.10.Wedependontheland_______wecangetourfoodfrom.11.Shewonthefirstprize,_______wasmorethanweexpected.12.Thefilm________wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.13.Thefilm,________wasshowedlastnight,wasverymoving.14.Hisfatherpassedawayyesterday,________cameasasuddenshock.

whichwhichwhichwhichwhichWhich/thatWhich/that關系詞的使用規(guī)則2.只能使用who不能使用that的情況：(1)當先行詞為人稱代詞：he,she,they,one(s),anyone,nobody等.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(2)當先行詞為指示代詞時:those,these;Thosewhoareeasilycontentarealwayshappy.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.(3)當先行詞為people或是表示人的集體名詞時；Peoplewhoworkhardarealwaysfortunate.(4)非限制性定語從句中Hehasasister,whoisateacher.練習2.Doyou

knowanyone

cansolvethisproblem?3.Iadmirethose

arehonest,brave,diligent.4.Theyareaudience

areinvitedtowatchthisplay.5.Heisthebestman

I'veeverknown.6.Heisalwaysthelastone

leavesthedormitory.7.Sheisalwaysthelastone

goes

backtothedormitory.最高級修飾指人、物的先行詞，關系詞用that/who都可以。定語從句的謂語動詞跟先行詞保持一致。whowhothat/whowhowhowho關系詞的使用規(guī)則3.關系代詞的省略問題：非限制性定語從句中一定要有關系代詞，不可省略。關系代詞做主語兩種從句均不能省略。限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞都可以省略，非限制性定語從句中不能省。Ilikethebook,which

yougiveme.（非限制定從作賓語，不能省which）Ilikethebook(that/which)yougiveme.（限制定從作賓語，可省that/which）關系詞的使用規(guī)則4.非限制性定語從句中，代人作主語只能用who,作賓語用who(m)均可，但是whom更為正式，很少用于口語。代物只能用which作主語或賓語，不能用that，指的是某樣東西，或者前面提到的一整件事。Iliketeachers,who

arehumorous.（代人做主語，不能用that）Iliketeachers,who(m)

Icanaskforhelp.（代人作賓語，who，whom均可）Ilikethisbook,which

yougiveme.（代物作賓語，指的是書）Hemademistakesagain,which

madetheheadteacherangry.(代物做主語，指的是一整件事)關系詞的使用規(guī)則5.如果先行詞和從句的主語有所屬關系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定語從句中。whose也可以放在介詞后面：inwhosecar;fromwhosebook。Iliketheroomwhosewindow

faceseast.(房間的窗子)Iwenttohelphim,whose

moneygotlost.(他的錢)Ivisitedmyuncle,inwhosehouse

Ispentthesummervacation.關系詞的使用規(guī)則6.非限制性定語從句中，如果從句主語和先行詞存在整體與部分關系時，我們要用（all,both,each,many,most,neither,none,part,some,基數詞，序數詞，最高級）+ofwhich/whom。Theyaremystudents,threeofwhom

arefromBeijing.Ihavetenbooks,allofwhich

areinteresting.關系詞的使用規(guī)則7.介詞后面的關系詞只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。Heismyfriendwithwhom

Isharemyhappiness.ThisisareferencebookwithoutwhichIcouldn’tpasstheexam.練習Idon’tthinkthathewillcometoseeme,

makesmesad.Thisisthescientist

achievementsarewellknown.Heisafamousstar,in

gardenliesaswimmingpool.Helivedinabighouse,infrontof

stoodabigtalltree.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson,to

shecouldturnforhelp.whichwhosewhosewhichwhom關系詞的使用規(guī)則8.什么時候用關系副詞？

當先行詞在從句中不作基本成分(主、賓、表)，而且先行詞表示時間地點和原因，在從句中作狀語。翻譯分別為：when(在那個時候)、where(在那個地方)、why(因為這樣)。why的先行詞一定是reason。Circlethetwo

clubswherethesetwoconversationshappened.(P12)Iwenttomyuncle’shouse,where

Ispentmyvacation.Nooneinmoderntimesknewaboutthetombuntil1974,when

somefarmersdiscoveredthetomb.(P30)Therewasatimewhen

thetwobrotherswalkedtoschool.Myclockdidn’tgooff.Thisisthereasonwhy

Iwaslateforclass.關系詞的使用規(guī)則9. 注意：當有的先行詞表示一種抽象的地點且在從句中做地點狀語，不作基本成分時，要用where。該類詞有：point,case,activity,system,situation,

position,stage,occasion,job,race,letter,platform,email,environment,atmosphere等。Ijoinedalotofactivitieswhere

Ilearntalot.Hegaveuphisfirstjobwhere

hesufferedalot.練習Istillremembertheday

IfirstcametoBeijing.Istillrememberthedays

wespenttogether.Canyoutellmetheoffice

heworks?Theyhavereachedthepoint

theyhavetoseparate.Doyouknowthereason

heisabsent?He'sillbadly.Thisis

heisabsent.Heislateforschoolagain.Thisis

hisalarmclockdidn‘tgooff.whenthatwherewherewhywhybecause不缺成分缺成分不缺成分不缺成分定從；不缺成分表語從句接結果表語從句接原因關系詞的使用規(guī)則:特殊的引導詞as10. as引