食管癌

EsophagealCaner2010級EbolisEpidemiology

EtiologyEpidemiologyWorld-wildEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityrates:bothsexesWorld第九位？EpidemiologyWorld-wildEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityrates:bothsexesWorldEpidemiologyEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityratesinChina:bothsexesChina第六位？EpidemiologyEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityratesinChina:bothsexesChinaEpidemiologyOesophagealcanceristhe8thmostcommoncancerworldwide,withanestimated456,000newcasesin2012(3.2%ofthetotal),andthe6thmostcommoncauseofdeathfromcancerwithanestimated400,000deaths(4.9%ofthetotal).Thesefiguresincludebothadenocarcinomaandsquamouscellcarcinomasub-types.Around80%ofthecasesworldwideoccurinlessdevelopedregions.EpidemiologyOesophagealcancerincidenceratesworldwideinmenaremorethandoublethoseinwomen(male:femaleratio2.4:1).Inbothsexestherearemorethan20-folddifferencesinincidencebetweenthedifferentregionsoftheworld,withratesrangingfrom0.8per100,000inWesternAfricato17.0per100,000inEasternAsiainmen,and0.2per100,000inMicronesia/Polynesiato7.8per100,000inEasternAfricainwomen.EpidemiologyCanceroftheoesophagushasaverypoorsurvival(overallratioofmortalitytoincidenceof0.88),andtheoesophagealcancermortalitycloselyfollowsthegeographicalpatternsforincidence,withthehighestmortalityratesoccurringinEasternAsia(14.1per100,000)andSouthernAfrica(12.8)inmenandinEastern(7.3)andSouthernAfrica(6.2)inwomen.EpidemiologyEstimatedOesophagealCancerincidence/MortalityWorldwidein2012:Men我國食管癌發(fā)病率也存在地域差異。食管癌的高發(fā)省份為河北、河南、福建和重慶，其次為新疆、江蘇、山西、甘肅和安徽。食管癌在太行山脈附近的省份明顯高發(fā)，河南林州食管癌與賁門癌發(fā)病率最高，占當地全部惡性腫瘤的81.4％。EpidemiologyEtiologyRemainsunclear亞硝胺及真菌上皮增生變性；真菌分解硝酸鹽為亞硝酸鹽，發(fā)霉前50~100倍遺傳因素和基因河南林縣有家族史者占60%；食管癌患者染色體與基因變異增多；C-myc、EGFR等激活營養(yǎng)不良及微量元素缺乏高發(fā)區(qū)飲食調查發(fā)現食物缺乏動物蛋白質，VitB1、B2、A、C；金屬元素Cu、Mn、Fe、ZnEtiologyRemai